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Aristotle's Theory on Knowledge and Action, 2001.
This is a discussion of the Aristotle's theory of knowledge and action and a discussion of ethics, and the search for happiness and virtue.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The author argues that Aristotle?s Nicomachean Ethics seeks to make its readers into better people, and that it does not merely discuss virtue, but also provides a blueprint for virtuous behavior. The author argues that if we apply Aristotle's ideas to our own lives, that we will achieve our goals.
From the paper:
"A good example of this would be the Nicomachean Ethics, themselves. Simply having read the Ethics is not enough; one must then continue studying (Aristotle's Politics, specifically) to understand what the real world applications of this learning might be. Then, one must go out into the world to demonstrate this learning. Doing these things will make one virtuous and spread the idea of being so to others and the entire process will become more and more easy through habit."
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Aristotle's ?Theory of the State?, 2002.
An analysis of Greek philosopher Aristotle's "Theory of the State".
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes Aristotle's "Theory of the State". The paper is divided into several areas to summarize Aristotle's views on an Ideal State. The paper discusses the sociopolitical features of the Ideal State; features of a State, including the State as the essence of human society; two forms of the Ideal State, and Aristotle's thought development with respect to this issue; two regime theories in relation to the two forms of the Ideal State and political theory as a realization of human essence.
From the Paper
"For Aristotle, types of government are distinguished by the nature of its ruling element?which class of people are in control--and whether they rule for the benefit of the whole or in their own class interest. He thus offers a handy six-fold typology of states: Tyranny is rule by one person in his or her own interest; kingship is rule by one person for the good of the whole
" Oligarchy is rule by the few in their own importance; aristocracy is rule by the few for the good of the whole. Democracy is rule by the many in their own interest; polity is rule by the many for the good of the whole. "
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Aristotle's Theory of Citizenship, 2002.
A discussion about the two main elements of Aristotle's theory of citizenship and how they are in tension with each other.
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper examines why the essential crux of Aristotle's theory has a contradiction within it. On the one hand, Aristotle holds that extremely active participation is the highest good both for the individual and for the community. On the other hand, he denies this "good" to most people -- notably, the poor, slaves, and women.
From the Paper
"At its heart, Aristotle's ideal state, whatever its specific form of government, maintains its legitimacy by serving the good life for the people as a whole. Aristotle's description of the state as an association of free men aligns him with democratic theory, though he expresses a distaste for democracy at a certain level and finds that there are certain classes in society that should not be given the right to participate because they are not worthy. Aristotle calls his version of democracy by the name "polity" and describes its constitution as assuring political control to be exercised by the mass of the populace in the common interest, and he analyzes the nature of the polis, the city-state, and its workings in his Politics, a work which actually addresses issue of ethics and morality more than politics as we mean it today. It is a book of politics because it acknowledges that to achieve a moral and so happy life, the attempt must be made in terms of a civil society embodied in the city-state of the time."
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Heraclitus on Human Knowledge and Actions, 2004.
Discussion of Heraclitus's belief that people gain knowledge about the world that can be beneficial, but typically do not apply that knowledge to their everyday lives.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines and discusses the statement made by Heraclitus about the tendency for humans to gain knowledge about the world for their own good, and for the purpose of putting themselves in harmony with what the universal laws expect of them, and then not practice what they have learned. References to Plato's dialogues and Seneca's letters are used to support Heraclitus's statement.
From the Paper
"These words strongly relate to the fact that people often gain knowledge about the world for their own good and for the purpose of putting themselves in harmony with what the universal laws expect of them, but also do not manage to adhere to what they learn. Often individuals find themselves in situations where they cannot really overcome the universal desires of human beings. This refers to certain animal instincts that emerge from within even though man may attempt to appear totally civilized. The very act of war is a typical example that has been exemplified throughout history."
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Aristotle and Plato's Soul and Knowledge, 2002.
A look at Plato's "Apology and Phaedo" and Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics"
1,654 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the philosophies of Plato with those of Aristotle with an emphasis on the differences between each philosopher's view of the soul and knowledge. The writer shows how Aristotle?s view of the soul is superior to Plato?s view of the soul because it deals with a more complex soul.
From the Paper
"In The Apology and The Phaedo, Plato uses his mentor Socrates to express his views about many different philosophical ideas. These two scenes occur during the trial of Socrates and during the time before his death. In The Apology, Socrates is on trial and is defending himself against his accusers, which charge him with corrupting the youth and not believing in the Gods. It is during this time that Socrates agues for the existence of the soul and the body. Plato develops his idea of the soul further in The Phaedo, which presents the scene of Socrates?s death. He uses this scene to discuss the topics that were raised earlier in The Apology. Aristotle in Nicomachean Ethics develops his ideas of the soul. The soul?s complexity, for Aristotle, demonstrates better how the soul relates to knowledge justly, particularly when compared to Plato?s justification of the knowledge the soul has."
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Plato and Aristotle, 2004.
Compares Aristotle's and Plato's different theories of human knowledge.
2,029 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper expounds on Aristotle's theory that knowledge is 'a posteriori', or comes after experience, and Plato's theory that knowledge is 'a priori', or comes before experience, and then further explains the differences in their theories.
From the Paper
"The Platonic theory of knowledge is divided into two parts: a quest first to discover whether there are any unchanging objects and to identify and describe them and second to illustrate how they could be known by the use of reason, that is, via the dialectical method. Plato used various literary devices for illustrating his theory; the most famous of these is the allegory of the cave in Book VII of The Republic. The allegory depicts ordinary people as living locked in a cave, which represents the world of sense-experience; in the cave people see only unreal objects, shadows, or images. But through a painful process, which involves the rejection and overcoming of the familiar sensible world, they begin an ascent out of the cave into reality; this process is the analogue of the application of the dialectical method, which allows one to apprehend unchanging objects and thus acquire knowledge. In the allegory, this upward process, which not everyone is competent to engage in, culminates in the direct vision of the sun, which represents the source of knowledge."
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Aristotle's State, 2002.
A discussion of Aristotle's theory of an ideal state and its relationship with man.
1,497 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Aristotle's theory of an ideal state by analyzing the nature of Polis, the city-state and its workings in his book "Politics", a work which actually addresses issue of ethics and morality more than politics as we mean it today. It looks at how Aristotle's ideal state, whatever its specific form of government, maintains its legitimacy by serving the good life for the people as a whole. It shows how Aristotle's description of the state as an association of free men aligns him with democratic theory, though he expresses a distaste for democracy at a certain level and finds that there are certain classes in society that should not be given the right to participate because they are not worthy.
From the Paper
"The city contributes to the possibility of absolute justice, sought by human beings through political interaction in the city. Based on his concept of absolute justice, Aristotle finds that there are three right forms of government--monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. Each of these can also degenerate into a lesser form: monarchy into tyranny, aristocracy into oligarchy, and democracy into mob-rule. Aristotle can be considered a democratic theorist in several respects. One of his abiding concerns is with the constitution of the state and the agreement it involves between the ruler and the ruled. Aristotle sees the state as a natural development, but he also sees it as a voluntary association of human beings based on the fact that man is a political animal and that people thus come together because of common interest to the degree that it contributes to the good life of each person."
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George W. Bush and Aristotle, 2004.
An analysis of a speech by President George W. Bush using Aristotle's theory of rhetoric.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes a 2002 speech by President George W. Bush using Aristotle's theory of rhetoric. It looks at Bush's appeal to ethos, pathos and logos. It also examines his use of rhetorical devices for persuading his audience that the war on terror is more than a government policy.
From the Paper
"President George W Bush delivered an address on the South Lawn of the White House. The date was the six-month anniversary of the September terrorist attack on the United States. In the speech Bush appealed .."
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Theory of Reproduction, 2005.
Examines Aristotle's Metaphysical Notion and theory of reproduction.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
Many scholars of today tend to view and analyze Aristotle's theory of reproduction and especially of the place of the female in society with sympathy. In this essay, the author argues that the purpose of Aristotle's theory of reproduction was to establish the inferiority of women to man and that he methodically deduced the conclusion that the female is an incomplete or mutilated male.
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Platonic Forms & The Knowledge of All Things, 2006.
An overview of Aristotle's arguments against the Platonic theory of forms.
751 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Aristotle's arguments against the ability of the Platonic theory of forms to adequately explain our knowledge of things.
The author explains that, in his arguments against Plato's theory of forms, Aristotle asserts that Plato's conception of the forms as the cause of our knowledge of all things is incomplete in its ability to explain the causes of the material world and our knowledge of it. If all knowledge was caused by the forms themselves, it follows that it would be impossible to acquire knowledge, for it would already be known.
From the Paper
"Aristotle, in his Metaphysics, argues against the ability of the Platonic theory of Forms to adequately explain our knowledge of things, through its inability to describe the causal nature of the sensible world and prohibition of an ability to acquire knowledge. Aristotle prefaces his argument by refuting the view that the Forms are able to explain the being of things, essentially noting that they have no relation to the causes evident in the sensible world. Immobile Forms cannot explain motion; Forms without substance cannot be the substance of the material. Having established their inadequate relationship to the being of things, Aristotle then addresses the manner in which the Forms cannot either cause our knowledge of things. This end is achieved through four arguments, where if the Forms stand as the cause of our knowledge of all things, we would already have an a priori knowledge of all things and their material composition, which could not have been forgotten and was accessible to our sensory perception.
"Aristotle's first argument against the Forms as a cause of the knowledge of things is that it is impossible to have a prior knowledge of things, though this is exactly what the Forms would be. As Aquinas explains in his commentary, "...if the Ideas [Forms] are the cause of our knowledge, men must have a knowledge of all things, because the Ideas are the intelligible structures of all knowable things". If such were the case, man would already possess the very knowledge he sought to acquire; and it is apparent that men do acquire knowledge, as Aristotle demonstrates in his tracing of the history of philosophy as a development of the knowledge of causes. Knowledge may be said to generate from things already known, from particular to universal or vice-versa, but the knowledge itself is not already known. If knowledge of all things was based upon the Forms, man would already know everything and as such would never acquire knowledge."
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Knowledge-Based System Applications, 2002.
A review of knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based system applications.
8,801 words (approx. 35.2 pages), 40 sources, MLA, $ 184.95
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Abstract
In this paper, an overview is provided of knowledge acquisition as it relates to expert systems. After this, specific knowledge acquisition methodologies and techniques are reviewed that have been used in the development of knowledge-based systems. Subsequently, information is provided on recent advances in knowledge acquisition. Finally, future trends based on recent developments are discussed.
Overview of Knowledge Acquisition
First Generation Knowledge Acquisition Methodological Approaches
Second Generation Knowledge Acquisition Methodological Approaches
Knowledge Acquisition Techniques by Interaction with the Expert
Interviewing
Case Study
Protocol Analysis
Critiquing
Role Playing
Simulation
Prototyping
Rapid Application Development and Joint Application Development
Teachback
Observation
Goal Related
List Related
Construct Elicitation
Sorting
Laddering
20 Questions
Document Analysis
Recent Developments in Knowledge Acquisition
Future Directions
References
From the Paper
"Knowledge acquisition represents a field of artificial intelligence focused on the development of methods, techniques and tools for building expert system knowledge bases. During the 1970s and 1980s, most researchers and practitioners believed that knowledge should be acquired via a process involving a knowledge engineer, who interviews a domain expert regarding the knowledge domain of interest. The knowledge engineer was then responsible for organizing and formalizing the extracted knowledge to the point that it was appropriate for processing by a knowledge-based system. After processing was completed, the extracted knowledge could then be tested by presenting example problems to the knowledge-based system."
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Knowledge Management, 2004.
A discussion on whether it is possible for an organisation to develop a knowledge base which is more than the sum of its individual employees? knowledge.
3,065 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how knowledge management is one of the hottest subjects in management studies due to the changing paradigm of management as we enter the 21st century. It attempts to show that it is possible for an organisation to develop a knowledge base, which is more than the sum of its individual employees? knowledge. It reviews the guidance given by the management literature and considers some of the important points. It also looks at some companies that have been successful in their implementation of a knowledge management system.
Outline
Introduction
Knowledge Management
Knowledge Creation
Learning Organisation
Obstacles to Creating a Knowledge Base
Knowledge Sharing
Characteristics of an Effective KM System
Knowledge Management ? 2 Different Opinions
Success Stories
Conclusions
From the Paper
"KPMG recently surveyed over 400 organisations in the UK, mainland Europe and the US and found ?81% had or were considering a knowledge management program, 79% believed that knowledge management can play an ?extremely significant? or ?significant? role in improving competitive advantage?. (KPGM Knowledge management Research Report) Similarly, a survey by PriceWaterhouseCoopers showed that 97 % of senior executives believe that ?knowledge management is a critical issue for them?. A more telling survey conducted by Tacit was that of individuals working at the interface between creating/using knowledge. In a survey of professional, managerial, and technical knowledge workers Tacit investigated employees opinion on how their employers handled knowledge sharing. The findings of the Tacit survey illustrate a serious problem, valuable knowledge is available &/or created within the organisation, but is not utilised efficiently."
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Aristotle and Epicurus, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the philosophies of Aristotle and Epicurus on the idea of "pleasure".
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper approaches the ethical philosophies of Aristotle and Epicurus with respect to their differing approaches to the concept of "pleasure". Where Aristotle's theory of pleasure is supremely rational and foundationed in human experience, Epicurus' theory, in its applicability to otherwise inexplicable human behaviour, may serve to explain human conceptions of pleasure from an entirely different - almost irrational - and yet equally valid avenue. Our conclusion takes the path of moderation; acknowledging the significance of both perspectives, yet taking the middle road between the two ethical models.
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Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, 2007.
A discussion on Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics", focusing on voluntary actions and responsibility for character.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics" which argues that one is responsible for one's character because character results from voluntary actions. The paper outlines Aristotle's main argument and discusses his view on actions done in ignorance. The paper concludes by suggesting a case where an agent did not know that her actions would harm her character and discusses whether, according to Aristotle,
she would still be responsible for her character.
From the Paper
"A good and virtuous person (that is, a person who practices and perfects virtues through moral education) will strive to behave both rationally and virtuously, whatever his or her conditions and circumstances; the person has, in essence, trained himself or herself to remain both rational and virtuous. Virtuousness means to not demean ones self or others, and to avoid descending into pettiness; jealousy; or meanness (vices). Therefore, one who harms her character due to ignorance is not virtuous, although still rational. Moral education can put that person on the path toward virtuousness, and toward achieving happiness based on virtues, morals, and ethics rather than on practicing vices."
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