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Non Arab Worries in an Arab World, 2005.
This paper discusses business practices in Arab dominated countries in the Middle East.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the overall nature of business practices in the Middle East as it pertains to Arab culture. Emphasis is given to Arab language in that the communication barrier itself must be overcome as well as to particular speech patterns within the Arabic culture that differ greatly from Western languages. Dress and behavior patterns are touched upon as are woman and how to navigate certain situations related to woman. Finally, some discussion is devoted to employment practices in the Arab region as it pertains to a foreign entity.
From the Paper
"In considering business practices in Arab dominated countries the two single most important factors are the Arabic language itself and the Muslim religion. Arabic is a part of the culture and every effort should be made acclimatize oneself to it: "The Arabic language, which Muslims respect as the language of God, has had an enormous influence on Arab culture and character". Yet, while the language creates a formidable barrier insofar as business practices are concerned, the Muslim faith and its interweaving with all things social and political create a much greater difficulty for non-Muslim, non-Arab business entities intent on undertaking a business venture in an Arab country. The Muslim faith is dominant throughout the Middle East and, in fact, dominates many of the regions governing bodies as well."
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Arab Nationalism: Challenges and Failures, 2004.
A look at two facets of Arab nationalism and how nationalism has influenced the politics, perceptions, and the actions of the Arab people.
2,536 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the implications for the Arab peoples of the concept of the Arab nation and Arab nationalism. The paper discusses how this concept affects the politics of the Arab nations, looks at how attainable the Arab nation really is, and discusses the real obstacles to achieving Arab unity. The paper includes a complete outline and an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"The Arab nation, or Arab World, does not actually exist as a united country, but as a dream in the hearts and minds of many of the citizens of the twenty two Arab countries that form this nation. The fact that the Arab nation does not exist, could serve as an argument against the notion of Arab nationalism. Quite simply, how can Arab nationalism be real or taken in a serious sense when there is no Arab nation? Even though this question is a natural and logical one, considering that the reference is to feelings of nationalism for a nation that does not exist, it ignores one important historical fact. That is, the Arab nations did once exist, and was once united under a single powerful empire. Although it does not presently exist, as a geographic and political reality, the Arab nation has survived in terms of a shared language, culture and history, common traditions and beliefs, and most importantly united goals and ambitions. Therefore, while one has to concede to the fact that the Arab nation is not a nation in the traditional sense of the world and that attempts at creating this nation over the past decades have failed, the fact is that the Arab nation and Arab nationalism are real, have powerful psychological attraction for Arabs, and have been the basis of popular Arab ideologies; and the failure to achieve the goal of Arab unity has mainly been due to the reluctance of the individual Arab leaders to give up their dictatorship powers in favour of power-sharing with other leaders."
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Learning Arabic in English, 2005.
An in-depth study at the method of using English as a first language to teach Arabic as a second language.
18,352 words (approx. 73.4 pages), 85 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This study explores elementary Arabic heritage students' use of English as a first language (L1) to learn Arabic as a second language (L2). Far from being restricted to "good language learners" or certain corners of academia, L2 acquisition and learning occurs in a wide variety of settings. The literature review is divided into three major parts. The first part is a concise history of Arab immigration to the United States. The second part is a short description of the Arabic language, its origins and characteristics. The third section of the literature review explores previous studies and research of the manner in which L1 supports the learning and acquisition of L2.
The basic hypothesis that is tested is as follows: If the students retrogress as they use their first language to learn the second one, it is clear that there is interference in the long run. However, if the students show overall progress in the long run as they use the first language to learn the second one, there is no significant interference. The results of the study predict that students will show overall progress as they use the first language to learn the second one. Finally, the study results have significant implications for future research in languages and teaching methods.
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Part I. Historical Background Surrounding the Arab Immigration
Part II. The Arabic Language
Arabic Language and Identity
Part III. Use of a First Language (L1) to Support the Learning and Acquisition of a Second Language (L2)
Brief Historical Background
Second Language Learners
Mismatch Hypothesis
The Natural Order Hypothesis
The Input Hypothesis
Environmentalist Theory
The Threshold Theory
Underlying Proficiency Hypothesis
Analysis of Literature Review
Arguments against L1 & L2 Learning
Significance of the Study
Data Collection
Study Participants
Methodologies
Procedure
Scheduling
Presentation of Analysis of Results and General Summary of Findings
Interview Analysis
Importance of the Study Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Finally, there remain as many questions as answers, such as whether English will ultimately take over advanced education, as well as serving for international communication. Additionally, will the status of Arabic change, will its official role be implemented, and will the Arabic minority maintain their language? It remains to be seen whether language policy and planning are able to effect such a complex situation, whether language decisions can have effects on the social and political context, or whether they are in fact driven completely by external political and economic forces (Spolsky & Shohamy, 1997). We know that the linguistic repertoire of a country is a reflection of a myriad of political, demographic, cultural, religious and economic factors (Spolsky & Shohamy, 1997).
A review of the related research and proposed study reveals that unraveling the sociocultural and political influences on the second language learner is no small task. In addition, there is tremendous variation in the contexts within which both individuals and groups acquire a second language ("The Diversity Kit," 2002). Educators face the challenge of understanding those contexts, what motivates individuals, the relationship between first and second languages, and the academic environment, as well as the different demands placed on the second language learner in a classroom setting ("The Diversity Kit," 2002). Some researchers have posited that teachers understanding of the second language acquisition process will guide their instructional strategies toward ways to accommodate second language learners in their various developmental sequences. "
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The Arab Revolt of 1916, 2005.
An historical analysis of the Arab Revolt of 1916, a unification of Arab factions against the Ottoman Turks supported by imperial England and France.
1,956 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The Arab Revolt of 1916 offers the critical scholar many different views of the representatives involved in the struggle, many of whom were seen to exhibit paradoxical behavior that is either purported against or denied by many historical scholars. This paper explains how the revolt itself is also paradoxical at times, considering differing interpretations of unified nationalism, imperialism, and tribal cohesion. It discusses how Sherif Hussein and T.E. Lawrence are two representative icons from the struggle that are also representative of the historical questions of paradox which it raises. On the surface, the Arab Revolt was a unification of Arab factions against Turkish power supported by France and England. Beneath the surface, it was much more complicated.
From the Paper
"History is often thought of in terms of progress and unity; many historians tend to confer a certain unitizing theoretical paradigm when speaking of events, and especially individuals, of the past. The reality of the historical situation also may have been more of a continuation of progressing events than the sudden creation of a new impetus to which
some historians and scholars attribute historically ?great? individuals. Examining the Arab Revolt of 1916, in which there was a unification of Arab factions against the Ottoman Turks (axis) supported by imperial England and France (allies), one can see many historical perspectives working at once, many of them seeking to confer different versions of greatness upon individuals who were crucial to the struggle. Chief among these historical personages were Sherif Hussein and T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia). Examining different historical treatments of these representative figures, we can see how historians and scholars tend to confer unitizing elements of goals and progress to
often contradictory (and therefore essentially human rather than mythical) individuals."
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Arab Nationalism, 2005.
A discussion of the concept of Arab nationalism from the writings of four noted Arab thinkers.
2,154 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explores and reports on a variety of opinions on Arab nationalism from the perspective of several points of view - in particular, Arab points of view. Some of the Arab thinkers whose opinions are reflected include: Adeed Dawisha, a native of Iraq who is presently political science professor at Miami University; Sayed Khatab, assistant professor of history at the University of Chicago; Sayyid Qutb, an Egyptian who lived from 1906-1966 and was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood and Husain Haqqani, a noted journalist, diplomat, and he is a former advisor to prime ministers in Pakistan.
From the Paper
"In Adeed Dawisha's book, Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair, he begins in a logical framework by defining Arab Nationalism, taking readers through the history of Arab Nationalism. But by Chapter Eight ("The Apex of Arab Nationalism"), readers are informed that the upward trajectory of the movement has stalled, and in Chapter Nine ("Arab Nationalism's Downward Slide"), Chapter Ten ("1967 and After: The Twilight of Arab Nationalism"), and Chapter Eleven ("The Demise of Arab Nationalism: A Postmortem"), he chronicles what he believes to be the end of Arab Nationalism according to his observations and research."
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The Importance of Learning in the Arab World, 6.
This paper emphasizes the importance of learning in the early modern period in the Arab world.
1,310 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the importance of learning in the Arab world with specific reference to Portugal during the early modern period. It examines how this nation was empowered by its adaptation of Arabic mathematics and Arab navigational and naval technology. Arab knowledge of cartography and navigation, from which all European nations borrowed heavily, enabled Portugal to forge ahead in the drive to seek colonies and expand Portugal?s sphere of trade.
From the paper:
?In the current political climate, it has become easy to forget the past. It has become easy to forget how, many hundreds of years ago the Arab world was not seen as a place of darkness, of anti-modernist and anti-technological sentiments. Rather Islam was seen as a beacon of light for the West, providing important mathematical and navigational knowledge that enabled Europeans to make exploratory forays into what became the New World. The very numbers that paginate this particular document are ?Arabic Numerals,? an improvement on the cumbersome and often confusing system of Roman numerals.?
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Arab Popular Music, 2005.
This paper discusses Arabic popular music as a political expression.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the currently diverse trends in Arabic popular music signify that a deep social change is occurring within the Arab world, changing social values, tastes, and even methods of expressing political and social objection and protest, both against the West and against Arab governments. The author points out that Arabic music is becoming increasingly influenced by Western rhythms and forms, and some Arabic music videos reflect liberal Western sexual attitudes. The paper also relates that the Arabs are imposing themselves on Western music by using Western rhythms and styles, but sometimes with very Arabic lyrics, which are anti-Western, to protest against American influence over the Arabs.
From the Paper
"On the one hand, this has attracted a significant Western audience to Arabic music for the first time ever while, on the other, has aroused religious anger among certain groups in the Arab World. Jim Bessman remarks on this phenomenon in "Arabic Music Moves West." According to his observations, the reason why the United States music market has opened up to Arabic music is that this music has become more familiar to the Western ears in rhythm, beat and singing style. However, in the Arab world the traditional and religious groups in the societies are strongly opposed to the westernization of Arabic music."
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Arab-Americans, 2007.
This paper analyzes the impact of 9/11 on Arab-Americans.
2,982 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for Arab-Americans, who were just as shocked by 9/11 as all Americans, there was an even greater intensity of emotion because of their concern that all Arabs would be stigmatized and blamed for the 9/11 attacks. The author points out that these concerns have been justified because many Americans have become hostile to Arabs and especially to Arab-Americans living in the United States. The paper relates that these reactions, which are deeply troubling, are not only irrational but also are a betrayal of the American values of freedom, liberty and equality that have made America great. The paper underscores that the Bush Administration security policies, such as racial profiling, and the mass media increasingly has portrayed a negative image of Arab-Americans.
From the Paper
"The three Muslim students clarified that it was a car, not a building, they had been talking about "bringing down" during a restaurant conversation overheard by the Georgia woman. But, on the second anniversary of 9/11, with memories of the World Trade Center towers collapsing still vivid in her mind, this woman in a small, conservative town in Georgia suspected that the three Arab-Americans she saw and heard talking about "bringing down" something could well be terrorists plotting to bring down a building or an airliner."
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"Between Argentines and Arabs", 2008.
An examination of the content and presentation of Christina Civantos' book, "Between Argentines and Arabs: Argentine Orientalism, Arab Immigrants, and the Writing of Identity."
805 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews Christina Civantos' 2006 text, "Between Argentines and Arabs: Argentine Orientalism, Arab Immigrants, and the Writing of Identity," which examines the phenomenon of Orientalism specifically in a Latin American context. The paper discusses the content of the book and how Civantos presents her ideas.
From the Paper
"Orientalism was a term coined by the postcolonial theorist Edward Said to describe the reduction of Middle Eastern or East Asian culture to a kind of exotic literary trope. Said discusses this development mainly in relation to European powers and their colonial possessions, but Christina Civantos in her 2006 text Between Argentines and Arabs: Argentine Orientalism, Arab Immigrants, and the Writing of Identity examines the phenomenon of Orientalism specifically in a Latin American context. Argentina was one of the most ethnically diverse societies of Latin America. The debate over colonialism, Nationalism, Orientalism took on a unique character in the country because of its cross-section of identities. European, Indian, and Arabs were all determined to create their unique subjectivity in relation to the nation."
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America and the Arab World, 2004.
Looks at the views of America held by the Arab world and the views of the Arab world held by America.
1,967 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the events of September 11th have affected the way Americans see the Muslim and Arab world and how America's foreign policy in the Middle East has affected the way the Arab and Muslim world sees the United States.
From the Paper
"After the events of September 11th, 2001, American views on Arab-Americans and Islam took a further turn for the worse, which gave the Islamic world even more wood for the fire of disdain held towards Americans. The events themselves, came as a shock to a vast majority of Americans, who for so long, were under the impression that they were well liked by everyone, and were the Super-Power that was everybody?s friend. This ignorance was due largely in part to a lack of comprehension of America?s current and past foreign policies, and their ever-involvement in the political arena in the Middle East. "
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Pan-Arabism, 1999.
History in 20th Century efforts to unify Arab states and peoples for political, economic and military purposes, obstacles, common bonds, leadership (Nasser, Hussein), the Arab League and the Baath Party.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 111.95
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Abstract
The idea of pan-Arabism or a political and cultural identity that includes all the Arab-speaking states has grown in strength throughout the second half of the 20th century
From the Paper
"The idea of pan-Arabism or a political and cultural identity that includes all the Arab-speaking states has grown in strength throughout the second half of the 20th century. However, this growth has not been perfectly steady or continuous. Some countries have favored the idea more than others, and favored it more or less at different times depending on their own internal needs as well as larger regional and international political circumstances.
There are a number of ironies and self-contradictions involved in ideas of pan-Arabism, some of which shall be explored later on in this paper. However, the most striking one should be noted initially. While it is true that many countries in the Middle East (as well as in other regions of the world) are united by their population's use of the Arab language, the ..."
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American View of the Arab World, 2002.
An examination of various polls conducted during the period starting from 1963 till 2003 to analyze how the American public assesses the political issues in the Middle East and the other Arab countries.
2,267 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Americans feel that the Arabs barely recognize the role of Americans in helping the Arab states. It evaluates how public opinion seems to be that Americans feel that the Arabs just want the Middle East policy to be a zero-sum game, which would mean they stop supporting Israel and this is where the Arabs are largely disadvantaged. It analyzes how the root of the conflicts is due to the fact that Arabs want the U.S to choose either them or Israel. However, the U.S. chooses to maintain a diplomatic relationship with both. It examines different polls on different countries and analyzes the results.
Outline
Egypt
Iraq
Palestine
Lebanon and Turkey
The Country that Attracts the Most Attention
Predictions about U.S. Public Opinion about the Region in the 2003-2008
From the Paper
"Americans view events in the Middle East important for US foreign policy. They think that the Middle East is the most important region in the world for the interests of the US. In April 2002, Americans were asked if America was risking its position by taking part in the Israeli-Palestinian crisis, 61% said yes, while only 35% said no. In May 2000 a Gallup survey asked, "How important do you think what happens in each of the following areas of the world is to the United States today?" On the Middle East, 53% majority said it was "vitally important" and another 34% said it was "important but not vital." Just 10% believed it was not important. The Middle East was the only region that a majority felt was vitally important. In comparison, 39% felt Western Europe was vitally important, 36% felt the same about Asia, and all other regions were deemed vitally important by 30% or less."
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Arab Tribal Revolt Of World War I, 2002.
Examines causes of Arab nationalism.
6,300 words (approx. 25.2 pages), 12 sources, $ 135.95
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Abstract
Examines causes of Arab nationalism. Early Arab revolts against the Ottomans; the Wahhabi revolt & others. Roots of Arab nationalism; Asabiyya. Ottomanism & self-determination. Muslim nationalism. "Young Turk" movement. Arab reaction to World War I. Allied policy. British alliance with Hussein. "Lawrence of Arabia." Pan-Arabism. Balfour Declaration. Treaties. Creation of the Middle East.
From the Paper
"THE ARAB TRIBAL REVOLT OF WORLD WAR I AND ITS RESULT
Introduction
Few topics of study have generated as much heat as Arab nationalism. Few peoples are as poorly understood as today's Arabs. Even deciding who is an Arab or defining what is meant by Arab nationalism can easily get scholars and students into trouble, with both the Arabs and their detractors. Arab feeling is strong, and it is likely to grow stronger in the years ahead. It is also sometimes bitter, due to some of the unhappy experiences of the Arabs in the early twentieth century (Coury, 1998, 24).
The Arabs have not been united since the era of the High Caliphate, if indeed then. Furthermore, they have not ruled themselves from the time the Turks came into the region until quite ..."
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Michael Field "Inside The Arab World", 1995.
This paper is a critical review of Michael Field "Inside The Arab World", which attempts to explain the contemporary Arab world: Relations with Israel, culture, religion and politics.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"It is likely that Americans, whose attention to the rest of the world tends to be sporadic, and driven largely by immediate events or strong emotional "hooks," are now inclined to relegate Arabs and the Arab world to a sort of benign neglect. Arab oil money has long since been replaced in popular fears by Japanese economic inroads. The Persian Gulf War has faded into history, and Americans' anxious attentions are now focused on Bosnia, a largely Muslim country but not an Arab one. Palestinians and Israelis have signed a peace; an uncertain and fragile peace to be sure, but peace does not make news.
Even "Islamic fundamentalists" have, for now, faded from the television news. When a federal building was blown up in Oklahoma, with heavy loss of life, the media and the public jumped at once to the conclusion that it was the doing of Arabs, ... "
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The Arabic World, 2007.
An analysis of Arab society and Islamic ideology today.
2,229 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that one of the biggest impacts on Arabs was the June 1967 defeat by Israel that presented Arab society, cultural politics and critical thought with many changes. The paper discusses the traditional Arab society where the family is the main point around which the society and social life revolves. The paper examines the prospects of Arabs attacking America's oil installations which could push up the price per barrel of oil. The paper discusses how Islamic forces talk about pluralism and moderation, but their base is still on their ideology and claims of the superiority of Islamic ideology over the rest of the world. The paper shows how the Arabic world's social customs and treatment of women are behind other parts of the world.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The land of the Arabs stretches for a length of some 5,000 miles and that is nearly double the distance between New York and San Francisco. In geographic terms, this is from the Atlantic coast of northern Africa in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to Central Africa in the south. The total area is of 5.25 million square miles, whereas, United States comprises 3.6 million square miles. The total population of all the Arab nations was approximately 253 million as of 1994 and the largest proportion of them were youths and this can be seen from the position that almost half of the population was under fifteen years of age. If the present annual rate of increase persists, the population would have grown to around 280 million by the year 2000."
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