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Arab-Americans and Democracy, 2004.
An examination of the attitudes of Arab-American students since September 11, 2001.
4,600 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This research paper examines the attitudes of Arab-American students since September 11, 2001. The paper looks at the backgkround of Americans who come from Arab and Muslim countries. The paper also studies the status of Arab Americans before and after the 2001 terrorist attack on the U.S. The paper concludes with an examination of the effect of U.S. foreign policy on Arab-American students. The paper includes results of interviews with Arab American college students.
From the Paper
"The terrorist attack which took place in the United States on September was responsible for the development of new and negative attitudes toward Arabs and Muslims in the United States. However Susan M. Akram states..."
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Arab-Americans, 2007.
This paper analyzes the impact of 9/11 on Arab-Americans.
2,982 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for Arab-Americans, who were just as shocked by 9/11 as all Americans, there was an even greater intensity of emotion because of their concern that all Arabs would be stigmatized and blamed for the 9/11 attacks. The author points out that these concerns have been justified because many Americans have become hostile to Arabs and especially to Arab-Americans living in the United States. The paper relates that these reactions, which are deeply troubling, are not only irrational but also are a betrayal of the American values of freedom, liberty and equality that have made America great. The paper underscores that the Bush Administration security policies, such as racial profiling, and the mass media increasingly has portrayed a negative image of Arab-Americans.
From the Paper
"The three Muslim students clarified that it was a car, not a building, they had been talking about "bringing down" during a restaurant conversation overheard by the Georgia woman. But, on the second anniversary of 9/11, with memories of the World Trade Center towers collapsing still vivid in her mind, this woman in a small, conservative town in Georgia suspected that the three Arab-Americans she saw and heard talking about "bringing down" something could well be terrorists plotting to bring down a building or an airliner."
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Arab-Americans, 2004.
This paper discusses the Arab-American ethnic group and culture.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that many of the nearly three million Arab-Americans are making an effort to reclaim and preserve their heritage. The author points out that Arab-Americans, including those born in the United States and recent immigrants from Arab nations, demonstrate the highest degree of ethnic pride as compared to other ethnic groups, with ninety percent of the population showing such pride. The paper reports that, most often, the Arab-American population displays its pride, heritage, and culture within the arts; the paper notes several Arab-American painters, sculptors, writers, and other artistic specialists.
From the Paper
"This vast population of both immigrants and native-born Arab-Americans lives all over the United States. However, the most concentrated area of Arab-American settlement is in southeastern Michigan. In particular, the city of Dearborn holds many Arabic centralized neighborhoods. In Dearborn, twenty percent of all the population and over forty percent of students enrolled in the public school system are Arab-American."
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Arab and African-American Racial Issues, 2005.
A look at the racial problems that African-Americans and Arab-Americans face.
2,751 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the racial problems that African-Americans and Arab-Americans face coming into the new millennium. The paper explains that, while the challenges faced by most African- Americans are primarily economic and social, Arab-Americans face a different challenge, which threatens their fundamental freedoms.
From the Paper
"The flip side of the melting pot is the unfortunate tensions and complications that inevitably arise from putting so many people together in one place and refusing to name a "master race" as the Nazis infamously attempted to do in Europe in the 1930s and 1940s. Of course, different groups are impacted differently, but in America's history, for the most part, it has been each individual ethnic minority's clash with the white majority over myriad issues. Of course, by the middle of the millennium, whites in America will actually be the minority, so it will be quite interesting to see if these trends change."
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Arab-American Businesses, 2004.
An examination of Arab-American businesses in the Chicago area.
1,433 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the mild successes Arab-American entrepreneurs have built for themselves. The paper points out that, without continued growth, most businesses fail, and without financial or political strength, most businesses cannot continue to grow. The paper explores the need for Arab-American businessmen to band together in order to improve their business ventures.
From the Paper
"According to the 2000 U.S. Census, nearly 45,000 Arabs live in the six-county area surrounding Chicago (most of them in Cook County). Of these, most are concentrated in the Southwest side of the city, but also in the southwest suburbs such as Bridgeview, Oak Lawn and Burbank. However, community-based experts put the number even higher, at 150,000 (Abowd). Others (e.g. journalist Ray Hanania) post this number even higher, at 250,000. This discrepancy exists primarily because the long form of the census does not count "Arab-American" as a separate ethnic group, and many immigrants are hesitant to claim their ethnic status for fear of such things as deportation. Therefore, it makes sense to go with the larger numbers; and even if it does not quite rise to the highest end of the possible range, a community numbering even one hundred thousand makes the Arab community in the greater Chicago metropolitan area one of the largest in the country. The Arab-American community in Chicago has been growing since 1899, in fact, when the first large wave of Arab immigration hit the United States (Abowd)."
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Bilingual Education and Arab-Americans, 2002.
A discussion of the original purpose of bilingual educational programs as primarily for Spanish speaking children.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Discusses original purpose of bilingual educational programs as primarily for Spanish speaking children. Development of a transitional model not based on a pedagogical foundation. Deveopment of a new model of dual immersion that is based on neurological research. Court decision re: binlingual programs. Cites problems of bilingual education today. Centers on bilingual education in the context of the Arab-American community. ESL studies. Special needs of Arabic speaking children; lack of teachers proficient in Arabic and English.
From the Paper
"Bilingual Education and the Arab-American Community
Introduction
Bilingual education programs were initiated in the United States and intended to be "transitional in that their goal was to facilitate the rapid movement of non-English speaking students into mainstream classroom. Luisa Garro (p. 5) claims that these programs were created in the late 1960s and the early 1970s in response to legislation and court orders requiring schools to provide an education in a child's native language. The transitional model was developed rapidly and without much pedagogical foundation.
A new model known as dual immersion is emerging in bilingual education (Garro, p. 5). This model is based on neurological research suggesting that the window of opportunity for..."
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The Portrayal of Arabs in the American Media, 2004.
American media bias against the plight and realities of the Arab population.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This is an argumentative paper, which states that the American media is biased against the Arab population. It provides examples of such discrimination and examines the effects that this type of portrayal has on society.
From the Paper
"A stereotype is the creation of a biased opinion or view. One individual will attribute the actions of one to an entire group of people - bound by a common link such as race, sex, or national origin. Stereotypes often cause people to act and react in biased and judgmental ways. Even the usage of the word Arab elicits bias as it is used to group together people from different countries, with their own cultures, beliefs and religions. Arabs in America have faced numerous challenges in their attempt to adjust to a foreign society, mostly due to stereotypes. A stereotype or even the reinforcement of a stereotype removed the need and responsibility to examine individuals solely on the basis of their character. Media executives can create and perpetuate a stereotype with little or no proof to back it up and instead of researching the topic or revising images which might create a stereotype, they pass it off to the American public as the truth."
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American View of the Arab World, 2002.
An examination of various polls conducted during the period starting from 1963 till 2003 to analyze how the American public assesses the political issues in the Middle East and the other Arab countries.
2,267 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Americans feel that the Arabs barely recognize the role of Americans in helping the Arab states. It evaluates how public opinion seems to be that Americans feel that the Arabs just want the Middle East policy to be a zero-sum game, which would mean they stop supporting Israel and this is where the Arabs are largely disadvantaged. It analyzes how the root of the conflicts is due to the fact that Arabs want the U.S to choose either them or Israel. However, the U.S. chooses to maintain a diplomatic relationship with both. It examines different polls on different countries and analyzes the results.
Outline
Egypt
Iraq
Palestine
Lebanon and Turkey
The Country that Attracts the Most Attention
Predictions about U.S. Public Opinion about the Region in the 2003-2008
From the Paper
"Americans view events in the Middle East important for US foreign policy. They think that the Middle East is the most important region in the world for the interests of the US. In April 2002, Americans were asked if America was risking its position by taking part in the Israeli-Palestinian crisis, 61% said yes, while only 35% said no. In May 2000 a Gallup survey asked, "How important do you think what happens in each of the following areas of the world is to the United States today?" On the Middle East, 53% majority said it was "vitally important" and another 34% said it was "important but not vital." Just 10% believed it was not important. The Middle East was the only region that a majority felt was vitally important. In comparison, 39% felt Western Europe was vitally important, 36% felt the same about Asia, and all other regions were deemed vitally important by 30% or less."
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Non Arab Worries in an Arab World, 2005.
This paper discusses business practices in Arab dominated countries in the Middle East.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the overall nature of business practices in the Middle East as it pertains to Arab culture. Emphasis is given to Arab language in that the communication barrier itself must be overcome as well as to particular speech patterns within the Arabic culture that differ greatly from Western languages. Dress and behavior patterns are touched upon as are woman and how to navigate certain situations related to woman. Finally, some discussion is devoted to employment practices in the Arab region as it pertains to a foreign entity.
From the Paper
"In considering business practices in Arab dominated countries the two single most important factors are the Arabic language itself and the Muslim religion. Arabic is a part of the culture and every effort should be made acclimatize oneself to it: "The Arabic language, which Muslims respect as the language of God, has had an enormous influence on Arab culture and character". Yet, while the language creates a formidable barrier insofar as business practices are concerned, the Muslim faith and its interweaving with all things social and political create a much greater difficulty for non-Muslim, non-Arab business entities intent on undertaking a business venture in an Arab country. The Muslim faith is dominant throughout the Middle East and, in fact, dominates many of the regions governing bodies as well."
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Discrimination, 2004.
A look at racial discrimination against Arab-Americans following the 9/11 attacks.
1,647 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, despite the fact that the Constitution of the United States is meant to uphold equality for all, Arab-Americans have been racially discriminated against since the September 11th terrorist attacks. It looks at the stricter laws that have been passed since these attacks, which make the problem of racial profiling in law enforcement easier to cover.
From the Paper
"Discrimination involves classifying people into different groups and giving the members of each group distinct and typically unequal treatments and rights (Wikipedia, 2003). The criteria defining the groups determine the type of discrimination. Use of the term implies that the factors on which the discrimination is based are intrinsically irrelevant to the decision being made. Typically, the discriminator views himself as superior to the injured group. The effects of discrimination are broad. Slow or unhelpful retail service, racial slurs, denial of employment and housing, hate crimes and genocide are all examples of discrimination. This paper will discuss a very specific example of discrimination-discrimination against Arabs in the United States as a result of the tragic terrorist events on September 11, 2001."
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Transcultural Care, 2007.
This paper explores how Mexican-American and Arab-American cultural factors impact nursing.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The papers explains that the goal of transcultural care is to provide culturally congruent care which agrees with cultural beliefs, customs and traditions. The paper discusses the Sunrise enabler that illustrates diverse influencers of health, all of which interact. The paper focuses on two of those cultural factors: religious and philosophical and cultural values and applies these factors to two cultures, Mexican-American and Arab-American. The paper stresses that transcultural nursing is the only means by which care providers can effectively care for patients from diverse cultures.
From the Paper
"Use of the Sunrise Enabler begins with the worldview. "Worldview refers to the way people tend to look out upon their world or their universe to form a picture or value stance about life or the world around them" (Leininger & McFarland, 2006, p. 25). Worldview strongly influences care and health decisions, and also guides decisions and behavior related to wellbeing. Cultural outlooks are in fact cultural worldviews or ways of seeing the world. They are not going to be changed by logical argument. When providing care, it is very important that the nurse "focus on the client's beliefs, values, needs and lifeways" (Leininger, 2001, p. 21). The focus needs to always be on those beliefs, values and ways of coping with illness, not on one's own ideas. In many cultures, illness is seen as having cultural and religious causes. The decisions that patients and families make can be very different from what the nurse or other care providers would recommend."
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Racial Profiling, 2002.
An analysis of the question of racial profiling towards Arab- and Muslim-Americans since the September 11th attacks.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper questions the racial profiling by the American government towards Arabs and Muslims. It argues whether this should be allowed during these times of uncertainty due to September 11th since they are at war with terrorism where the members of the Al Qaeda, a militant Arab group, are the only subjects.
I. Background and definition of racial profiling
A. Overview of September 11th
B. Korematsu vs. U.S. Supreme Court case
C. Current suspects caught due to racial profiling
D. Thesis statement
II. Disagreements about racial profiling
A. Innocent suspects
B. Racial discrimination
C. Other ways to catch the terrorists
III. Racial profiling is helpful in the war against terrorism
A. Terrorists try to blend in with society
B. Every suspect has been Arab and Muslim
C. Faith in the U.S. Military
D. Military protection
IV. Racial profiling and citizens
A. Racial profiling should be left up to the government
B. The government is trained to deal with racial profiling- ordinary citizens are not
C. Living our lives in fear lets terrorism win
From the Paper
"Racial profiling is when someone is treated differently because they belong to a specific race. After the tragic events of September 11th of 2001 U.S., government and airport officials have targeted Arabs and Muslims as suspects of future terrorist action. Racial profiling has been going on for generations. During World War II the Japanese living in the U.S. were placed in military observation zones in California due to their Japanese ancestry after Pearl Harbor was bombed in December of 1941. The legal matter was argued in the Supreme Court in the case, Korematsu v. US. The young Korematsu's argument was based on the unfair "imprisonment in a concentration camp solely because of his ancestry, without evidence or inquiry concerning his loyalty and good disposition towards the United States." The United States case later goes on to claim: Korematsu was not excluded from the Military Area because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we were at war with the Japanese Empire, because the properly constituted military authorities feared an invasion of our West Coast and felt constrained to take proper security measures. .... Congress, reposing its confidence in this time owar in our military leaders-as inevitably must-- determined that they should have the power to do just this."
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Racial Profiling In American Airports, 2004.
A look at whether racial profiling in American airports has gone to far.
678 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper considers whether racial profiling in American airports against Arab Americans and others since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 has become excessive.
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Arab Nationalism: Challenges and Failures, 2004.
A look at two facets of Arab nationalism and how nationalism has influenced the politics, perceptions, and the actions of the Arab people.
2,536 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the implications for the Arab peoples of the concept of the Arab nation and Arab nationalism. The paper discusses how this concept affects the politics of the Arab nations, looks at how attainable the Arab nation really is, and discusses the real obstacles to achieving Arab unity. The paper includes a complete outline and an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"The Arab nation, or Arab World, does not actually exist as a united country, but as a dream in the hearts and minds of many of the citizens of the twenty two Arab countries that form this nation. The fact that the Arab nation does not exist, could serve as an argument against the notion of Arab nationalism. Quite simply, how can Arab nationalism be real or taken in a serious sense when there is no Arab nation? Even though this question is a natural and logical one, considering that the reference is to feelings of nationalism for a nation that does not exist, it ignores one important historical fact. That is, the Arab nations did once exist, and was once united under a single powerful empire. Although it does not presently exist, as a geographic and political reality, the Arab nation has survived in terms of a shared language, culture and history, common traditions and beliefs, and most importantly united goals and ambitions. Therefore, while one has to concede to the fact that the Arab nation is not a nation in the traditional sense of the world and that attempts at creating this nation over the past decades have failed, the fact is that the Arab nation and Arab nationalism are real, have powerful psychological attraction for Arabs, and have been the basis of popular Arab ideologies; and the failure to achieve the goal of Arab unity has mainly been due to the reluctance of the individual Arab leaders to give up their dictatorship powers in favour of power-sharing with other leaders."
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Learning Arabic in English, 2005.
An in-depth study at the method of using English as a first language to teach Arabic as a second language.
18,352 words (approx. 73.4 pages), 85 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This study explores elementary Arabic heritage students' use of English as a first language (L1) to learn Arabic as a second language (L2). Far from being restricted to "good language learners" or certain corners of academia, L2 acquisition and learning occurs in a wide variety of settings. The literature review is divided into three major parts. The first part is a concise history of Arab immigration to the United States. The second part is a short description of the Arabic language, its origins and characteristics. The third section of the literature review explores previous studies and research of the manner in which L1 supports the learning and acquisition of L2.
The basic hypothesis that is tested is as follows: If the students retrogress as they use their first language to learn the second one, it is clear that there is interference in the long run. However, if the students show overall progress in the long run as they use the first language to learn the second one, there is no significant interference. The results of the study predict that students will show overall progress as they use the first language to learn the second one. Finally, the study results have significant implications for future research in languages and teaching methods.
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Part I. Historical Background Surrounding the Arab Immigration
Part II. The Arabic Language
Arabic Language and Identity
Part III. Use of a First Language (L1) to Support the Learning and Acquisition of a Second Language (L2)
Brief Historical Background
Second Language Learners
Mismatch Hypothesis
The Natural Order Hypothesis
The Input Hypothesis
Environmentalist Theory
The Threshold Theory
Underlying Proficiency Hypothesis
Analysis of Literature Review
Arguments against L1 & L2 Learning
Significance of the Study
Data Collection
Study Participants
Methodologies
Procedure
Scheduling
Presentation of Analysis of Results and General Summary of Findings
Interview Analysis
Importance of the Study Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Finally, there remain as many questions as answers, such as whether English will ultimately take over advanced education, as well as serving for international communication. Additionally, will the status of Arabic change, will its official role be implemented, and will the Arabic minority maintain their language? It remains to be seen whether language policy and planning are able to effect such a complex situation, whether language decisions can have effects on the social and political context, or whether they are in fact driven completely by external political and economic forces (Spolsky & Shohamy, 1997). We know that the linguistic repertoire of a country is a reflection of a myriad of political, demographic, cultural, religious and economic factors (Spolsky & Shohamy, 1997).
A review of the related research and proposed study reveals that unraveling the sociocultural and political influences on the second language learner is no small task. In addition, there is tremendous variation in the contexts within which both individuals and groups acquire a second language ("The Diversity Kit," 2002). Educators face the challenge of understanding those contexts, what motivates individuals, the relationship between first and second languages, and the academic environment, as well as the different demands placed on the second language learner in a classroom setting ("The Diversity Kit," 2002). Some researchers have posited that teachers understanding of the second language acquisition process will guide their instructional strategies toward ways to accommodate second language learners in their various developmental sequences. "
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