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Victorian Philosophical Anti-Rationalism, 2005.
A look at the anti-practical, anti-utilitarian philosophy of Matthew Arnold, John Henry Newman, and Walter Pater.
1,237 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the writings and critiques of anti-utilitarian and anti-practical philosophers Arnold, Newman, and Pater. The paper explains, compares, and analyzes each philosopher's arguments against the pragmatism and utilitarianism of the Victorian age and explains why Matthew Arnold's critique of utilitarianism was the most scathing of all.
From the Paper
"The Victorian era in England gave birth to Jeremy Bentham?s utilitarian philosophy of social governance, to the scientific philosophy of Darwinism, and to the application of scientific principles to social philosophy in the form of Social Darwinism. Perhaps this scientific and methodical era, an era that oversaw the full flowering of the Industrial Revolution?s stress upon machinery into the transformation into the human body and mind as a machine-like worker drone, inevitably spawned a kind of counter-revolutionary philosophy and ethos for the age?namely the idea and ideals that cohered and evolved over the course of the Oxford Movement, the Pre-Raphaelite and Aesthetic movement, and finally coalesced into the austere vision of the poet and philosopher Matthew Arnold."
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Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Systems, 2007.
This paper discusses the effectiveness of anti-money laundering (AML) systems employed by Switzerland and the United Kingdom as compared to the U.S.A.
9,860 words (approx. 39.4 pages), 37 sources, APA, $ 200.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Financial Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) was formed by the G-7 nations as an intergovernmental task force to examine money laundering trends, techniques and past AML actions and to develop new, more effective measures for implementation into anti-money laundering (AML) systems. The author points out that, although Switzerland and the U.K. have developed intricate AML systems as describe in this paper, the U.S.'s enforcement oriented AML system is the international leader. The paper recommends that AML systems could be strengthened by investigating and prosecuting money laundering activity in connection with every criminal offense, which is often associated with money laundering, such as terrorism, corruption and tax evasion This paper includes tables and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Definition of Money Laundering
Trends in Money Laundering
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: International Standards
History of the Development of Anti-Money Laundering Systems
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: The United Kingdom
Anti-Money Laundering Systems: Switzerland
The Future of Money Laundering and Anti-Money Laundering Systems
Switzerland vs. the U.K.: How Effective are Their AML Systems?
Appendix 1: Country Page - Switzerland, IBA Anti-Money Laundering Forum
Appendix 2: Country Page - the United Kingdom, IBA Anti-Money Laundering Forum
Appendix 3: FATF - The Forty Recommendations
From the Paper
"It is important to understand past trends in methods for money laundering in order to predict and prevent the development of future methods. This is gained through an in-depth understanding of the prevalence and evolution of money laundering methods and their current and emerging trends. The identification of trends ensures that money laundering methods are understood and that action is taken to comprehend other key factors involved, such as context. Through its typologies effort, the FATF emphasized the identification and description of money laundering trends both at the worldwide level and on a more systematic basis."
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Anti-trust Enforcement, 2006.
Examines whether anti-trust laws are a help or a hindrance to the economy.
2,830 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
Trusts are viewed as competition destroyers which attempt to control the market for a product. Anti-trust laws arose out of the abuse of such trusts and these laws persevere to this day. This paper questions whether the government's enforcement is executed when the economic climate is right or whether the enforcement is occurring at regular intervals. It also questions whether certain corporations, like Microsoft, are unwitting targets of the government. The overall question in this paper is whether the enforcement of anti-trust laws harms American competition. The response lies in the history of anti-trust laws, the enforcement of such laws and the meaning of competition within economic understanding.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The History of Anti-trust Laws
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
The Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)
The Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)
Robinson-Patman Act (1936), Celler-Kefauver Act (1950) and The Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976
Competition
Enforcement
Has the Microsoft Anti-trust Case Helped or Hindered American Competition?
Has the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act Helped or Hindered American Competition?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1911, two decades after the Sherman Act was passed, the U.S. Supreme Court found that the Standard Oil Company and the American Tobacco Company exerted unlawful monopolistic authority. This was the first major court decision since the Act was passed. The two mentioned companies were forced to dissolve into smaller firms that would compete against each other. The courts have not been consistent when interpreting the meaning of monopoly power under the Sherman Act either."
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A Study Of Security & Anti-Terrorist Policy, 2000.
A look at different anti-terrorism measures and their developments.
9,230 words (approx. 36.9 pages), 21 sources, $ 190.95
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Abstract
This research offers a critical approach to different anti-terrorism measures, that are or were used by democratic states in the 20th century. The author provides a descriptive approach based on the existing academic literature on terrorism and democratic states.
Table Of Contents
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Abstract and Acknowledgements p. i
Table Of Contents p. ii
Introduction: Describing Terrorism In Function Of Its Finality p. 1
Anti -Terrorism Measures: An Overview p. 7
Proactive, Reactive And Preemptive Measures p. 8
Specific Anti-Terrorism Measures p. 11
Legal Measures: Emergency Or Exception Legislation p. 11
Definition Of New Penal Offenses p. 11
Creation Of State Security Or Anti-Terrorism Courts p. 12
Extension Of Law Enforcement Powers p. 13
Critical Comments On Legislative Anti-Terrorism Measures p. 14
Security Measures p. 16
Target Hardening p. 16
Anti-Terrorism Intelligence p. 17
Involvement Of The Military p. 20
Conclusion: Lessons Learned p. 25
The Need For A Good Definition p. 27
The Illusion Of A No-Compromise Policy p. 28
Law Enforcement And Intelligence Services Should Concentrate On The Financing Of Terrorism p. 29
Accepting A Certain Level Of Terrorism p. 30
Addendum: In Terms Of European Security p. 31
Bibliography p. 33
From the Paper
"The problem of defining terrorism is probably the most difficult tasks facing students of terrorism. I are therefore hesitant to add to the considerable volume that has been written on this specific subject. This first section will briefly discuss several definitional aspects of the social phenomenon we call terrorism. Interestingly, the first time the term terrorism was used, it referred to state-terrorism or terrorism from above. The regime of the Jacobins, between March 1793 and July 1794 received the qualification of ?syst?m r?gime de la terreur?, referring to the many executions that occurred during the French Revolution. The term implied an organized system of coercion, based on fear and violence. However, with exception maybe of the two latter elements, it can easily be said that terrorism has no such specific meaning today. The term is used and abused quite frequently, for political and ideological purposes alike. A variety of situations and actions are labeled terrorist. Yet another considerable problem is the fact that a majority of terrorism definitions have been designed in the specific purpose of fitting a particular ideology."
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Anti-Semitism, 2004.
A discussion of the history of anti-Semitism and whether it is still around today.
3,122 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of anti-Semitism, or anti-Jewish prejudice. The paper begins with a history of anti-Semitism from the early church-encouraged days of blood libel through to the Holocaust and today. The paper looks at the major differences in anti-Semitism seen today to that of a few hundred years ago. The writer also explores the idea of prejudice, in general, and explains that outsiders have always been persecuted, and the Jew as an outsider has been subject to some of the worst persecution of all.
From the Paper
"This is much of the reason that Christianity has such difficulties with Jewish people. They are so similar, and yet so very different, that they make many Christians uncomfortable with their closeness. People that are the same but different are much more difficult for Christianity to deal with then those that live thousands of miles away and have never heard about the teachings of the Christian Church. Those people over there in far-off countries are not a threat, because they are not close enough to the Christians to be seen as infringing on their identity."
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Pro-Life and Anti-Abortion Movements, 2005.
A look at the often violent tactics of anti-abortion movements.
1,826 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the often violent and coercive tactics of anti-abortion movements, looks at some of the more famous anti-abortion leaders, explores the motivations of these leaders and the movements that follow them, and discusses the perception by many that the anti-abortion movement is just one part of a broader, more conservative, anti-feminist, political agenda.
From the Paper
"Both the pro-life and anti-abortion movements are motivated by one concept: that human personhood begins at conception. To these groups an embryo and a fetus are all human persons who should be granted the same rights, privileges and protections as a child or adult (Violence & harassment at U.S. abortion clinics). Operation Rescue is an anti-abortion organization that states that it is dedicated to the protection of children in the womb and their mothers who are exploited by abortion. The group declares that ?We work in every way we can to manifest the truth of God concerning abortion? (Operation Rescue Colorado). Unfortunately, ?every way we can? includes violence, murder and the misuse of religion to inspire what any moral individual could only interpret as unholy acts."
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Anti-Semitism in 19th Century Europe, 2003.
An examination of the reasons behind anti-Semitism in France and Russia in the 19th century.
4,301 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of anti-Semitism in Europe during the 19th century. The paper explores the similarities between the anti-Semitic prejudices that engulfed France and Russia in the late nineteenth century and then shows how in France, anti-Semitism was largely a right-wing Catholic movement, peppered with socialist support in the aftermath capitalistic change. The paper also provides a broad definition of anti-Semitism in general.
From the Paper
"Anti-Semitism is not an ?identical phenomenon? similar to all countries, but rather based on individual national histories. The anti-Semitic prejudices that emerged in France and Russia in the late nineteenth century were both preceded by defeat in war, economic instability, and political change; circumstances exploited by the Judeo-phobic press and literature. However, while French anti-Semitism was derived from traditional religious dogmatism, and encouraged by the potent political force of anti-Republican Catholicism, the Russian experience was based on an ideological imperialism that was promoted by the government, and common to all ?true? Russians."
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Anti-terrorism Policies, 2005.
Discusses the effect that anti-terrorism policies have on the U.S.A. and the rest of the world.
2,435 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This research discusses anti-terrorism policies and the manner in which they influence the nation and the world. Anti-terrorism is defined as defensive procedures used to decrease the susceptibility of citizens and property to terrorist attacks. In the aftermath of September 11, 2001, the U.S.A. was forced to deal with the threat of terrorism in a completely new light. For this reason, lawmakers devised a set of laws know as the Patriot Act. The research in this paper suggests that the Patriot Act is the main bill that deals with the issue of anti-terrorism in the United States. Though an anti-terrorism bill is necessary, the research indicates that the details of the Patriot Act are problematic. The issues that are problematic and even unconstitutional include: The government's ability to detain those that are believed to be terrorists without any due process, the right of the government to eavesdrop using roving wiretaps, reductions in judicial oversight and the role of congress. The paper argues that all of these issues are pertinent to American citizens and may prove to undermine the administration's efforts to mount a defense against acts of terrorism.
Abstract
Introduction
Review of Literature
Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to an article entitled "The War Power and Its Limits", several aspects of the current antiterrorism policies are questionable. Kassop (2003) explains that in addition to abandoning the aforementioned judicial oversight, the antiterrorism policies of the Bush Administration also "created a blurring of distinctions between military action and law enforcement, along with a resultant uncertainty as to which set of standards applies in certain circumstances (Kassop 2003)." In addition, Kassop (2003) asserts that the antiterrorism policies have a disregard for congress. The author contends that the antiterrorism policies also give law enforcement agencies a tremendous amount of authority to monitor all types of activities that were once considered an invasion of privacy(Kassop 2003)."
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Anti-Depressants, 2005.
An analysis of the effects of anti-depressants on the human brain.
1,251 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how anti-depressants affect brain chemistry by exploring the biology of depression itself. It shows how the biochemical systems within the human brain are extremely complex and how anti-depressants work by boosting and increasing parts of the monoamine system.
Outline
Introduction: The Biology of Depression
Anti-Depressants as Drugs
Anti-Depressant Medications and the Brain
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In recent times, numerous studies have shown that people who are depressed have abnormal amounts of certain hormones in their blood. Researchers believe that an increase or decrease in the production of specific hormones may interfere with the brain's natural chemistry which then leads to depression. With the exception of thyroid hormones, the levels of other hormones are not routinely measured when diagnosing or treating depression; thus, when a person is experiencing specific types of depression, it is advisable to check the levels of other hormones within the body. Thyroid glands, when not functioning properly, can result in the release of either too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism)."
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Anti-Semitism, 2005.
An overview of modern anti-Semitism in America and how Jews have thrived in spite of it.
2,987 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how there has always been minor anti-Semitism in America but nothing too serious in modern history. This paper provides a brief literature review of studies of anti-Semitism and explains that despite a history of anti-Semitism, Jews have managed to thrive within their communities and within the country at large. The writer concludes that for there to be true advancement, anti-Semitism needs to be totally eradicated and the younger generations need to be educated.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings
Strengths and Weaknesses
Ethics
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Anti-Semitism is defined as attitudes and actions against Jews based on the belief that Jews are uniquely inferior, evil or deserving of condemnation by their nature or by historical or supernatural orders. "Anti-Semitism, in the twentieth century, includes virtually all the beliefs, attitudes, and tactics that have developed from the first century." (Grosser & Halperin, 1983;277). Anti-Semitism does not necessarily end in the elimination of the Jews but may become a persisting condition of their lives. Jews have lived for many centuries dispersed among societies with traditions of Anti-Semitism. There have been extreme cases of Anti-Semitism that have led to mass destruction and genocide of the Jews.
Anti-Semitism is still rampant today, however awareness of this type of discrimination can help prevent future instances of persecution of Jews. Jews have succeeded as a whole today because of an internal strength they possess due to victimization and discrimination against them. Their oppression has made Jews mentally stronger, and has instilled in them useful values, thus enabling them to be ambitious, hardworking, successful people."
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The Anti-War Movement of 1960-1970, 2002.
Describes the impact of anti-war protesters during the Vietnam War.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper questions whether the anti-war sentiment in the US shortened the Vietnam War. The author contends that protesters succeeded in creating a certain consciousness of war activities within the American public. It is argued that the public had only begun to question the war once it was apparent that it had continued for many years, and that there was some feeling that once committed, America could not withdraw without achieving victory. By analyzing the government's reaction to several anti-war incidences in US, the paper argues the government did not have a deep understanding of the anti-war sentiment. Therefore, the anti-war movement could not have impacted the war to such an extent as to shorten it.
From the Paper
"Vietnam was a situation that seemed to develop slowly in the consciousness of the American public so that much of the country seemed to discover rather suddenly that the nation was enmeshed in a growing war to which there seemed no end. In truth, America had been involved in Vietnam for many years before the issue became the catalyst for social protest and political reprisals in the U.S., and for much of that time the public ignored what was taking place. American involvement actually started in 1954, and at that time it was the French who had been caught in the Vietnamese quagmire (Chafe 259). Full American involvement was contemplated prior to 1954 and rejected, in part because Eisenhower did not believe that a military victory was possible because of the political situation in the region, since the people supported the Viet Minh and identified Ho Chi Minh as the leader of their independence movement (Scheer 274-275)."
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Anti-Federalists, 2002.
A look at the arguments of the anti-federalists at the signing of the Constitution.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This three-page undergraduate paper discusses the arguments presented by the anti-federalists when the constitution was being ratified by member states. While some major states such as Delaware and Pennsylvania were highly in favor of the constitution, some other states were uncertain and they debated against it. These people were later called the anti-federalists and the articles they published against the constitution appeared in newspapers and are known as the 'Anti-Federalist Papers'.
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"Faith and Fratricide: The Theological Roots of Anti-Semitism", 2004.
Critique and analysis of Ruth Ruether's book on the pervasiveness of anti-semitism.
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and analyzes the reasons Ruth Ruether's book, "Faith and Fratricide: The Theological Roots of Anti-Semitism" ,provides for the ongoing and pervasive anti-semitism in societies throughout the world. The paper offers a positive review of the book and of Ruether's ability to explain the anti-semitism that has arisen again and again in Christian communities.
From the Paper
"It is probably a good thing that this book was written by a scholar who is known, overall, to be sympathetic to Christianity because if it were not the work of such a scholar it might well come off as something of a hatchet job. Ruether is not interested in apologizing for the often (at best) Machiavellian actions of early church leaders ? but nor is she interested in tarring everyone equally. Her case against individuals is made carefully, with a fine attention given to building up each case deliberatively and with due attention paid to the ways in which evidence from such a long time ago must be assessed."
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Anti-Racist Education in Ontario School Cultures, 2007.
A review of the policy of anti-racist education that has been introduced in Ontario, Canada.
3,473 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of anti-racist education that has been introduced in Ontario, Canada. It describes the historical context of the policy and discusses the possible positive and negative outcomes of adhering to it. The paper argues that school leaders need to do more than adhere to policy guidelines or the adages of public interest groups working to end racism's sway in society. Instead, the paper contends that school leaders must be able to approach anti-racist education creatively and in a manner that respects and encourages student and staff interest in difference while also stressing the reality of racism or discrimination.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Understanding the Historical Context
Racial 'Identity'
Proactive and Constructive School Cultures
Canadian Variations
Who is Responsible for Racism?
Generating a School Culture
Anti-racism and Multiculturalism
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Anti-racism and anti-racist education should be operative ideals promoting a dynamic or spirit, within school settings, beyond a mere ideology of anti-racism. The term of 'inter-racism' mentioned earlier may be helpful towards a vision of desired diversity that is respectful and appreciative in its philosophy and idea of civil society. Educators, as ever, need to lead by example, and should engage in outreach to the surrounding community in ways providing information and activities to explain what a school promotes in its particular culture. Attention to specific histories is conducive to recognition, expanding anti-racism well beyond sloppy notions of 'white' or 'mainstream' versus the non-white or 'marginal', all the while cultivating a sensitivity to difference that may shape opportunity and life experience."
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The Economic Roots of Anti-Semitism, 2002.
Argues that the roots of anti-Semitism are primarily financial and economic in nature.
1,507 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the foundations of anti-Semitism are laid in financial and economic reasoning. It shows that though it is true that much anti-Semitic prejudiced is based on racial discrimination, the majority of anti-Semitic sentiment can be traced to financial foundations. The Jewish population has been persecuted since the dawn of time, for financial and economic reasons. Throughout history, during times of economic hardship, the Jewish people were seen as the cause of the demise many countries financial standing. The paper shows that Christians throughout the world believed that the Jewish people dominated or intended to dominate world finance and this sentiment became commonplace even in the United States as time progressed.
From the Paper
"The U.S. promoted Anti-Semitism by not issuing bank charters to Jewish bankers during the Depression era (Ciechanowski, 2000). Despite the fact that only one Jewish owned bank existed at the time of the crash, and the fact that this bank was forced into bankruptcy after the crash, causing 400,000 Jews to lose their life savings, Americans continued to blame Jews for the economic hardships that had befallen the U.S."
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