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Anti-Semitism in "Merchant of Venice", 2005.
An analysis of the theme of anti-Semitism in William Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice".
778 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice" contains elements of anti-Semitism when depicting Shylock as a stereotypical Jew. Because he is a Jewish usurer, Shylock appears tight-fisted and materialistic. It looks at how Antonio and other characters hold grudges against him because of his trade, leading the audience to shun him as well. Shylock is also degraded because of his faith, as characters consider him dog like and devilish. It also shows how casting an even darker shadow onto Shylock are the Christians, whom Shakespeare constructs as characters of righteousness and courage.
From the Paper
"In Merchant of Venice, Christians are shown in a light of goodness as they defend Antonio's life, while Shylock is seen as a bloodthirsty murderer. In the midst of Shylock's excitement over Antonio's death sentence, the Christians beg for Shylock to spare Antonio's life. While Shylock is shown here as the murderous villain, the Christians are seen in more of a heroic light. Instinctively, the audience equates Shylock, the murderer, as the "bad guy" and the Christians, who act in a heroic manner, as the "good guys." Because he is a usurer, it is automatically assumed that Shylock intended to murder Antonio to rid himself of future money discrepancies. "
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Anti-Semitism in "The Merchant of Venice", 2001.
This paper uses research information to support the thesis that Shakespeare portrays Shylock as villain and a sub-human with no regard, feelings or mercy for others, all consequences of his Judaism.
2,090 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at one of Shakespeare's celebrated works, The Merchant of Venice. The author discusses how Shakespeare portrays one of the main characters, the merchant Shylock as not only a villain but someone less than human with no mercy for others, both consequences of his religion, while continuing to remind the reader of the goodness of the Christian characters. The author makes frequent references and quotes key passages from the play.
From the Paper
"Written sometime between 1596 and 1598, The Merchant of Venice is classified as both an early Shakespearean comedy and as a problem play; it is a work in which good triumphs over evil, but serious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved. Specifically, anti-Semitism is woven throughout the play through the interactions of Shylock and the Christians around him. Due to the wave of anti-Jewish sentiment in late sixteenth century England , Shakespeare?s audiences were familiar with the staging of stereotypical evil Jews."
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"Merchant Of Venice", 2002.
Discusses the character of Shylock from "Merchant of Venice" with reference to the anti-Semitic crusade that was taking place during the time Shakespeare wrote his play.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This eleven-page graduate paper discusses the character of Shylock in "Merchant of Venice" with reference to anti-Semitic crusade that was going on in England at the time Shakespeare wrote his play. The readers should study the character from all perspectives in order to gain a better understanding of Shakespeare's intentions.
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Anti-Semitism, 2005.
An overview of modern anti-Semitism in America and how Jews have thrived in spite of it.
2,987 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how there has always been minor anti-Semitism in America but nothing too serious in modern history. This paper provides a brief literature review of studies of anti-Semitism and explains that despite a history of anti-Semitism, Jews have managed to thrive within their communities and within the country at large. The writer concludes that for there to be true advancement, anti-Semitism needs to be totally eradicated and the younger generations need to be educated.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings
Strengths and Weaknesses
Ethics
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Anti-Semitism is defined as attitudes and actions against Jews based on the belief that Jews are uniquely inferior, evil or deserving of condemnation by their nature or by historical or supernatural orders. "Anti-Semitism, in the twentieth century, includes virtually all the beliefs, attitudes, and tactics that have developed from the first century." (Grosser & Halperin, 1983;277). Anti-Semitism does not necessarily end in the elimination of the Jews but may become a persisting condition of their lives. Jews have lived for many centuries dispersed among societies with traditions of Anti-Semitism. There have been extreme cases of Anti-Semitism that have led to mass destruction and genocide of the Jews.
Anti-Semitism is still rampant today, however awareness of this type of discrimination can help prevent future instances of persecution of Jews. Jews have succeeded as a whole today because of an internal strength they possess due to victimization and discrimination against them. Their oppression has made Jews mentally stronger, and has instilled in them useful values, thus enabling them to be ambitious, hardworking, successful people."
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Anti-Semitism in 19th Century Europe, 2003.
An examination of the reasons behind anti-Semitism in France and Russia in the 19th century.
4,301 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of anti-Semitism in Europe during the 19th century. The paper explores the similarities between the anti-Semitic prejudices that engulfed France and Russia in the late nineteenth century and then shows how in France, anti-Semitism was largely a right-wing Catholic movement, peppered with socialist support in the aftermath capitalistic change. The paper also provides a broad definition of anti-Semitism in general.
From the Paper
"Anti-Semitism is not an ?identical phenomenon? similar to all countries, but rather based on individual national histories. The anti-Semitic prejudices that emerged in France and Russia in the late nineteenth century were both preceded by defeat in war, economic instability, and political change; circumstances exploited by the Judeo-phobic press and literature. However, while French anti-Semitism was derived from traditional religious dogmatism, and encouraged by the potent political force of anti-Republican Catholicism, the Russian experience was based on an ideological imperialism that was promoted by the government, and common to all ?true? Russians."
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Anti-Semitism, 2004.
A discussion of the history of anti-Semitism and whether it is still around today.
3,122 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of anti-Semitism, or anti-Jewish prejudice. The paper begins with a history of anti-Semitism from the early church-encouraged days of blood libel through to the Holocaust and today. The paper looks at the major differences in anti-Semitism seen today to that of a few hundred years ago. The writer also explores the idea of prejudice, in general, and explains that outsiders have always been persecuted, and the Jew as an outsider has been subject to some of the worst persecution of all.
From the Paper
"This is much of the reason that Christianity has such difficulties with Jewish people. They are so similar, and yet so very different, that they make many Christians uncomfortable with their closeness. People that are the same but different are much more difficult for Christianity to deal with then those that live thousands of miles away and have never heard about the teachings of the Christian Church. Those people over there in far-off countries are not a threat, because they are not close enough to the Christians to be seen as infringing on their identity."
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"Faith and Fratricide: The Theological Roots of Anti-Semitism", 2004.
Critique and analysis of Ruth Ruether's book on the pervasiveness of anti-semitism.
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and analyzes the reasons Ruth Ruether's book, "Faith and Fratricide: The Theological Roots of Anti-Semitism" ,provides for the ongoing and pervasive anti-semitism in societies throughout the world. The paper offers a positive review of the book and of Ruether's ability to explain the anti-semitism that has arisen again and again in Christian communities.
From the Paper
"It is probably a good thing that this book was written by a scholar who is known, overall, to be sympathetic to Christianity because if it were not the work of such a scholar it might well come off as something of a hatchet job. Ruether is not interested in apologizing for the often (at best) Machiavellian actions of early church leaders ? but nor is she interested in tarring everyone equally. Her case against individuals is made carefully, with a fine attention given to building up each case deliberatively and with due attention paid to the ways in which evidence from such a long time ago must be assessed."
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Anti-Semitism, 2004.
A historical analysis of the history of Christian anti-semitism.
756 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how anti-semitism has been the subject of much analysis and debate, probably because of its persistent, at times pervasive, presence throughout the history of the Western world, peaking in the horror of the Holocaust. It looks at how the origins of Christian anti-semitism stem from the prevailing attitudes towards Jews in the pagan world. It also discusses how the causes and severity of anti-semitism in the Christian world has in itself been varied through history, standing at the intersection of history, sociology, economics, political science, religion, and psychology.
From the Paper
"Though Christian anti-Semitism may have been fuelled by many other extraneous factors, the core is still attributed to its religious origins, and to that extent, this may well suggest historical antecedents in the pagan world with the Christian condemnation of Jews for the crucifixion of Christ and their continued rejection of Christ as the ?Messiah.? However, a number of studies and scholars now hold the view that the theological origins for anti-Semitism did not originate in the pagan world but occurred with the displacement of the Judaism meaning of ?Messiah? with Christ, the appropriation of which sowed the seeds of the later interpreted anti-Judaism teachings of the New Testament and the Church (Ruether 1974)."
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Anti-Semitism in Communist Czechoslovakia, 2005.
Examines how anti-Semitism persisted in Communist Czechoslovakia and the reasons why this occurred.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how anti-Semitism persisted in Czechoslovakia during the Communist era primarily because of the pervasive and troubling presence of anti-Semitism through European history. Because of negative European cultural attitudes about the Jewish people, anti-Semitism was manifested in nearly every aspect of life in Czechoslovakia and at every level of society.
From the Paper
"In analyzing how Heda, Rudolf, and other Czechs experienced anti-Semitism between 1941 and 1968, it is evident that their experiences of oppression and prejudice reflected historic anti-Semitism in Europe. The Soviet domination of Czechoslovakia through the puppet leaders in Prague resulted in the oppression of all Czechs, regardless of their race or religion. But Heda, Rudolf, and other Jewish people experienced oppression between 1941 and 1968 not only because of politics and Communist ideology, but because of prevailing anti-Semitic attitudes in Central Europe. Essentially, anti-Semitism persisted in Czechoslovakia during the Communist era primarily because of the pervasive and troubling presence of anti-Semitism through European history."
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The Economic Roots of Anti-Semitism, 2002.
Argues that the roots of anti-Semitism are primarily financial and economic in nature.
1,507 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the foundations of anti-Semitism are laid in financial and economic reasoning. It shows that though it is true that much anti-Semitic prejudiced is based on racial discrimination, the majority of anti-Semitic sentiment can be traced to financial foundations. The Jewish population has been persecuted since the dawn of time, for financial and economic reasons. Throughout history, during times of economic hardship, the Jewish people were seen as the cause of the demise many countries financial standing. The paper shows that Christians throughout the world believed that the Jewish people dominated or intended to dominate world finance and this sentiment became commonplace even in the United States as time progressed.
From the Paper
"The U.S. promoted Anti-Semitism by not issuing bank charters to Jewish bankers during the Depression era (Ciechanowski, 2000). Despite the fact that only one Jewish owned bank existed at the time of the crash, and the fact that this bank was forced into bankruptcy after the crash, causing 400,000 Jews to lose their life savings, Americans continued to blame Jews for the economic hardships that had befallen the U.S."
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Shylock, Shakespeare and the "Merchant of Venice", 2002.
A discussion of the characterization of Shylock by Shakespeare in the "Merchant of Venice".
1,975 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This is an argumentative paper about the characterization of Shylock in the "Merchant of Venice" and whether Shakespeare should be viewed as a racist for his portrayal of Shylock. The author argues that Shakespeare is not an anti-Semite and merely reflects popular prejudice in his characterization of Shylock.
From the Paper
'Shakespeare is not an anti-Semite. He does not portray Jews with intentional slander but instead utilizes contemporary bias and prejudice to create controversy and commentary delivering social medicine to the public through the very same conduit of their prejudice. Shylock, in the "Merchant of Venice," is a target and conduit for popular prejudice. By first laughing at the realization of social beliefs the audience is then stunned when Shylock forces the realization of his equality. Regarding "The Merchant of Venice," and Shylock, there are two schools of thought. While many call Shakespeare a racist, anti-Semite, bigot and worse, for his many portrayals of minority groups, the portrayal of Shylock has a unique aspect, which necessarily separates it from any other instance of racism within Shakespeare's work."
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"The Merchant of Venice", 2004.
An analysis of "The Merchant of Venice" by William Shakespeare.
1,779 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses William Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice". The paper focuses on the character of Antonio, the struggling Christian in play. The paper states that while this play is generally considered to be a comedy, there are many who believe it to be a tragedy. The paper explains that this is due to the anti-Semitic treatments of the character of Shylock. The paper examines the play's conflict between Christianity and Judaism.
From the Paper
"It is generally believed that William Shakespeare wrote The Merchant of Venice in either 1596 or 1597, prior to the great tragedies that he penned later in his career. Although The Merchant of Venice is considered a comedy, some modern readers consider it a borderline tragedy. Many critics believe it to be a tragedy that Shakespeare wrote this play at all because of its anti-Semitic treatments of Shylock. Harold Bloom, for instances, pronounces with his usual verve: "it would have been better had Shakespeare never written this play" (Bloom 190). However, with all the attention that modern scholars have poured into the character of Shylock, the title character Antonio seems to remain in the shadows. This is most unfortunate as Shakespeare inextricably bound Antonio and Shylock in order to have each comment, as it were, on the other. On the surface, Antonio, the 'good Christian,' seems the antithesis of Shylock, the 'evil Jew'; together, the two characters embody the conflict between Christianity and Judaism."
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Anti-Semitism of the Nazi Party, 2002.
Introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of anti-Semitism by the Nazi party.
1,436 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and describes the focus of National Socialism on anti-Semitism and the Nazis' hatred of the Jews. It addresses how the Nazis tried to prove that anti-Semitism responded to Germany's problems, how the Nazis justified the persecution of the Jews, and what Hitler's personal role was in all of this?
From the Paper
"Anti-Semitism is probably one of the most infamous platforms of Hitler and his Nazis, and the Holocaust was its horrific instrument of destruction. While anti-Semitism was not the only plank in Hitler's Nazi platform, it was an important part of his theology, and appealed to the German people for a variety of reasons. Many authors are not surprised so many Germans found this view "admirable," as they were searching for a way to blame someone else for their failures, and Hitler's ideas were the perfect solution to their search. After the First World War, Germany was a defeated and depressed nation."
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Shakespeare?s ?The Merchant of Venice? and ?Julius Caesar?, 2002.
This paper compares Shakespeare?s view of women and of masculine activity in two of his plays, "The Merchant of Venice" and "Julius Caesar".
1,655 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper states that, in these Shakespeare?s plays, women are equal to men and are not excluded when it comes to love and Christianity, but they are lesser than men and are excluded when it comes to politics and power. The author explains that ?The Merchant of Venice? women are portrayed as being equal to men and as having as much power as men; but, in ?Julius Caesar?, women are portrayed as being lesser than men and as having little power. The paper concludes that, in ?The Merchant of Venice?, masculine activity is limited and does not exist to isolate women; but, in ?Julius Caesar", masculine activity is large and exists to exclude women.
From the Paper
"This difference in subject and theme explains why Shakespeare offers two very different views in the two plays. These different views do not represent that Shakespeare has a view of women that is really any different in either play. Instead, it represents that Shakespeare regards women differently depending on the subject and theme to which he is applying his ideas. The differences in the play in regards to women and the sphere of masculine activity will now be described by illustrating the differences and relating them to the themes and subjects of the plays."
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Anti-Semitism Semantics, 2001.
This paper attempts to define "Anti-Semitism".
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper details the history of the phrase "Anti-Semitism" what it means and what it refers to. It outlines the persecution and demonization of Jews throughout history and the justification of declaring an act or a statement as anti-Semitic.
From the Paper
"Is anti-Semitism prejudice? The term could refer to a host of debilitating assumptions about Jews that have lasted since the beginning of the modern age. Although the term anti-Semitism was only coined in 1879, anti-Jewish agitation has existed for several thousand years. In the ancient Roman Empire, for example, the devotion of Jews to their religion and special forms of worship was used as a pretext for political discrimination against them, and very few Jews were admitted to Roman citizenship."
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