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Anti-Semitism and the Bishop of Speyer, 2006.
A study of anti-Semitism in the Middle Ages using the example of the work of the Bishop of Speyer.
994 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper shows, through the work of the Bishop of Speyer in the 11th century, how though individuals during the Middle Ages were full of good intentions and tried to protect the Jews, in reality their actions added fuel to the anti-Semitism already rife in Europe. By allowing Jews to lend money, purchase gold, and the right to slaughter animals and sell them to the Christians, the problems of the time were heightened. The paper includes a discussion on the use of walls in Jewish history, used to keep Jews in and the other citizens protected and out. In Bishop Speyer's time, the purpose of the wall is to not only surround the Jewish populace, but also keep them out of the city. This means they also have to protect themselves from external violence. The paper finally discusses the Crusades and the resulting massacres of the Middle Ages.
From the Paper
"When first hearing about the decree made by the Bishop of Speyer made in 1084 that offers a place "out of town" for the Jews, it sounds relatively harmless if not positive. However, it is necessary to understand what is occurring behind the scenes that makes this a negative and harmful "gift and concession."
"The Bishop of Speyer says that he will bring in the Jews and place them outside the town away from the rest of the citizens and surrounded by a wall. This will be given to them on the condition that they pay 3 1/2 pounds every year. In addition, they have "full power to change silver and gold and to buy and sell what they please" and a cemetery with rights of inheritance. They can sell slaughtered meat, which they cannot eat, to Christians. This Jewish group will also have its own law, with the Rabbi hearing cases between Jews or against them. "But if by chance he is unable to decide any of them they shall go to the bishop or his chamberlain." They need to guard their own area. Lastly, they have the same privileges as other Jews in Germany."
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Anti-Semitism, 2005.
An overview of modern anti-Semitism in America and how Jews have thrived in spite of it.
2,987 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how there has always been minor anti-Semitism in America but nothing too serious in modern history. This paper provides a brief literature review of studies of anti-Semitism and explains that despite a history of anti-Semitism, Jews have managed to thrive within their communities and within the country at large. The writer concludes that for there to be true advancement, anti-Semitism needs to be totally eradicated and the younger generations need to be educated.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings
Strengths and Weaknesses
Ethics
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Anti-Semitism is defined as attitudes and actions against Jews based on the belief that Jews are uniquely inferior, evil or deserving of condemnation by their nature or by historical or supernatural orders. "Anti-Semitism, in the twentieth century, includes virtually all the beliefs, attitudes, and tactics that have developed from the first century." (Grosser & Halperin, 1983;277). Anti-Semitism does not necessarily end in the elimination of the Jews but may become a persisting condition of their lives. Jews have lived for many centuries dispersed among societies with traditions of Anti-Semitism. There have been extreme cases of Anti-Semitism that have led to mass destruction and genocide of the Jews.
Anti-Semitism is still rampant today, however awareness of this type of discrimination can help prevent future instances of persecution of Jews. Jews have succeeded as a whole today because of an internal strength they possess due to victimization and discrimination against them. Their oppression has made Jews mentally stronger, and has instilled in them useful values, thus enabling them to be ambitious, hardworking, successful people."
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Anti-Semitism in 19th Century Europe, 2003.
An examination of the reasons behind anti-Semitism in France and Russia in the 19th century.
4,301 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 32 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of anti-Semitism in Europe during the 19th century. The paper explores the similarities between the anti-Semitic prejudices that engulfed France and Russia in the late nineteenth century and then shows how in France, anti-Semitism was largely a right-wing Catholic movement, peppered with socialist support in the aftermath capitalistic change. The paper also provides a broad definition of anti-Semitism in general.
From the Paper
"Anti-Semitism is not an ?identical phenomenon? similar to all countries, but rather based on individual national histories. The anti-Semitic prejudices that emerged in France and Russia in the late nineteenth century were both preceded by defeat in war, economic instability, and political change; circumstances exploited by the Judeo-phobic press and literature. However, while French anti-Semitism was derived from traditional religious dogmatism, and encouraged by the potent political force of anti-Republican Catholicism, the Russian experience was based on an ideological imperialism that was promoted by the government, and common to all ?true? Russians."
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Anti-Semitism, 2004.
A discussion of the history of anti-Semitism and whether it is still around today.
3,122 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of anti-Semitism, or anti-Jewish prejudice. The paper begins with a history of anti-Semitism from the early church-encouraged days of blood libel through to the Holocaust and today. The paper looks at the major differences in anti-Semitism seen today to that of a few hundred years ago. The writer also explores the idea of prejudice, in general, and explains that outsiders have always been persecuted, and the Jew as an outsider has been subject to some of the worst persecution of all.
From the Paper
"This is much of the reason that Christianity has such difficulties with Jewish people. They are so similar, and yet so very different, that they make many Christians uncomfortable with their closeness. People that are the same but different are much more difficult for Christianity to deal with then those that live thousands of miles away and have never heard about the teachings of the Christian Church. Those people over there in far-off countries are not a threat, because they are not close enough to the Christians to be seen as infringing on their identity."
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"Faith and Fratricide: The Theological Roots of Anti-Semitism", 2004.
Critique and analysis of Ruth Ruether's book on the pervasiveness of anti-semitism.
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and analyzes the reasons Ruth Ruether's book, "Faith and Fratricide: The Theological Roots of Anti-Semitism" ,provides for the ongoing and pervasive anti-semitism in societies throughout the world. The paper offers a positive review of the book and of Ruether's ability to explain the anti-semitism that has arisen again and again in Christian communities.
From the Paper
"It is probably a good thing that this book was written by a scholar who is known, overall, to be sympathetic to Christianity because if it were not the work of such a scholar it might well come off as something of a hatchet job. Ruether is not interested in apologizing for the often (at best) Machiavellian actions of early church leaders ? but nor is she interested in tarring everyone equally. Her case against individuals is made carefully, with a fine attention given to building up each case deliberatively and with due attention paid to the ways in which evidence from such a long time ago must be assessed."
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Anti-Semitism, 2004.
A historical analysis of the history of Christian anti-semitism.
756 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how anti-semitism has been the subject of much analysis and debate, probably because of its persistent, at times pervasive, presence throughout the history of the Western world, peaking in the horror of the Holocaust. It looks at how the origins of Christian anti-semitism stem from the prevailing attitudes towards Jews in the pagan world. It also discusses how the causes and severity of anti-semitism in the Christian world has in itself been varied through history, standing at the intersection of history, sociology, economics, political science, religion, and psychology.
From the Paper
"Though Christian anti-Semitism may have been fuelled by many other extraneous factors, the core is still attributed to its religious origins, and to that extent, this may well suggest historical antecedents in the pagan world with the Christian condemnation of Jews for the crucifixion of Christ and their continued rejection of Christ as the ?Messiah.? However, a number of studies and scholars now hold the view that the theological origins for anti-Semitism did not originate in the pagan world but occurred with the displacement of the Judaism meaning of ?Messiah? with Christ, the appropriation of which sowed the seeds of the later interpreted anti-Judaism teachings of the New Testament and the Church (Ruether 1974)."
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Anti-Semitism in Communist Czechoslovakia, 2005.
Examines how anti-Semitism persisted in Communist Czechoslovakia and the reasons why this occurred.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how anti-Semitism persisted in Czechoslovakia during the Communist era primarily because of the pervasive and troubling presence of anti-Semitism through European history. Because of negative European cultural attitudes about the Jewish people, anti-Semitism was manifested in nearly every aspect of life in Czechoslovakia and at every level of society.
From the Paper
"In analyzing how Heda, Rudolf, and other Czechs experienced anti-Semitism between 1941 and 1968, it is evident that their experiences of oppression and prejudice reflected historic anti-Semitism in Europe. The Soviet domination of Czechoslovakia through the puppet leaders in Prague resulted in the oppression of all Czechs, regardless of their race or religion. But Heda, Rudolf, and other Jewish people experienced oppression between 1941 and 1968 not only because of politics and Communist ideology, but because of prevailing anti-Semitic attitudes in Central Europe. Essentially, anti-Semitism persisted in Czechoslovakia during the Communist era primarily because of the pervasive and troubling presence of anti-Semitism through European history."
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The Economic Roots of Anti-Semitism, 2002.
Argues that the roots of anti-Semitism are primarily financial and economic in nature.
1,507 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the foundations of anti-Semitism are laid in financial and economic reasoning. It shows that though it is true that much anti-Semitic prejudiced is based on racial discrimination, the majority of anti-Semitic sentiment can be traced to financial foundations. The Jewish population has been persecuted since the dawn of time, for financial and economic reasons. Throughout history, during times of economic hardship, the Jewish people were seen as the cause of the demise many countries financial standing. The paper shows that Christians throughout the world believed that the Jewish people dominated or intended to dominate world finance and this sentiment became commonplace even in the United States as time progressed.
From the Paper
"The U.S. promoted Anti-Semitism by not issuing bank charters to Jewish bankers during the Depression era (Ciechanowski, 2000). Despite the fact that only one Jewish owned bank existed at the time of the crash, and the fact that this bank was forced into bankruptcy after the crash, causing 400,000 Jews to lose their life savings, Americans continued to blame Jews for the economic hardships that had befallen the U.S."
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Anti-Semitism of the Nazi Party, 2002.
Introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of anti-Semitism by the Nazi party.
1,436 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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This paper examines and describes the focus of National Socialism on anti-Semitism and the Nazis' hatred of the Jews. It addresses how the Nazis tried to prove that anti-Semitism responded to Germany's problems, how the Nazis justified the persecution of the Jews, and what Hitler's personal role was in all of this?
From the Paper
"Anti-Semitism is probably one of the most infamous platforms of Hitler and his Nazis, and the Holocaust was its horrific instrument of destruction. While anti-Semitism was not the only plank in Hitler's Nazi platform, it was an important part of his theology, and appealed to the German people for a variety of reasons. Many authors are not surprised so many Germans found this view "admirable," as they were searching for a way to blame someone else for their failures, and Hitler's ideas were the perfect solution to their search. After the First World War, Germany was a defeated and depressed nation."
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Anti-Semitism Semantics, 2001.
This paper attempts to define "Anti-Semitism".
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper details the history of the phrase "Anti-Semitism" what it means and what it refers to. It outlines the persecution and demonization of Jews throughout history and the justification of declaring an act or a statement as anti-Semitic.
From the Paper
"Is anti-Semitism prejudice? The term could refer to a host of debilitating assumptions about Jews that have lasted since the beginning of the modern age. Although the term anti-Semitism was only coined in 1879, anti-Jewish agitation has existed for several thousand years. In the ancient Roman Empire, for example, the devotion of Jews to their religion and special forms of worship was used as a pretext for political discrimination against them, and very few Jews were admitted to Roman citizenship."
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Anti-Semitism in Vichy France, 2006.
An assessment of Vichy France's anti-Semitic policies and actions toward the Jews during World War II.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the actions and decisions of the Vichy government in France during World War II. The author of this paper asserts that French anti-Semitism -- particularly toward non-French Jews -- rivaled even that of the Nazi's. The paper chronicles specific decisions, including deportation orders, against children and the elderly, in particular. The author also looks at cultural and societal anti-Semitism, as manifested in posters/advertisements and public demonstrations.
From the Paper
"Three episodes involving Jewish children are remembered: The first and largest was the roundup at the Velodrome d'Hiver, where more than 4,000 Jewish children were arrested and kept in this cycling venue of the Paris region. "It was carried out exclusively by the French police in the summer of 1942. "None of the thousands of children deported following these police raids survived." The second was a roundup of Jews in Lyon, headed by the now infamous Klaus Barbie. They took 44 Jewish children, all of which were murdered. The third episode was the raiding of Jewish Children's homes in the Paris area. This happened shortly before the liberation of Paris. 250 children were seized, deported and murdered, only weeks before Paris was freed."
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Anti-Semitism, 2006.
A study of the history of anti-Semitism through the ages.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how although the term anti-Semitism is reasonably new--dating back to the latter half of the nineteenth century--prejudice and persecution of Europe's Jewish community began as long ago as the rise of Hellenistic culture in Greece. It discusses how Judaism has become the object of state-sanctioned persecution. It also looks at how from early Roman times into the twentieth century, Jews have occupied exclusive residences and communities within nations dominated by competing religions and how this, in turn, generated additional hostilities among those who believed that the Jews had been afforded some exceptional status.
From the Paper
"After emancipation, by the 1860s it could have been "concluded that European Jewry was becoming completely integrated." (Katz, 14). Yet, these political advances, it would seem, masked an underlying social force: the demand to find new grounds upon which to single the Jewish people out. Ultimately, this is the only reasonable cause for the dramatic turn of events that, once again, identified Jews as a troubling sect within European society: "Writers, politicians, and scholars in the 1870s, again attacked Jews and found their onslaught so well received by the general public that an entire movement sprang up, one openly proclaiming its opposition to Jews." (Katz, 14). This, however, was a new form of anti-Jewish literature; no-longer were Jews merely hated on the basis of their role in the death of Christ, or their peculiar social station, but also upon racial and wholly secular grounds. "
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Anti-Semitism in "Merchant of Venice", 2005.
An analysis of the theme of anti-Semitism in William Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice".
778 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice" contains elements of anti-Semitism when depicting Shylock as a stereotypical Jew. Because he is a Jewish usurer, Shylock appears tight-fisted and materialistic. It looks at how Antonio and other characters hold grudges against him because of his trade, leading the audience to shun him as well. Shylock is also degraded because of his faith, as characters consider him dog like and devilish. It also shows how casting an even darker shadow onto Shylock are the Christians, whom Shakespeare constructs as characters of righteousness and courage.
From the Paper
"In Merchant of Venice, Christians are shown in a light of goodness as they defend Antonio's life, while Shylock is seen as a bloodthirsty murderer. In the midst of Shylock's excitement over Antonio's death sentence, the Christians beg for Shylock to spare Antonio's life. While Shylock is shown here as the murderous villain, the Christians are seen in more of a heroic light. Instinctively, the audience equates Shylock, the murderer, as the "bad guy" and the Christians, who act in a heroic manner, as the "good guys." Because he is a usurer, it is automatically assumed that Shylock intended to murder Antonio to rid himself of future money discrepancies. "
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Anti-Semitism in France, 2005.
This paper studies the growing anti-Semitism in France and throughout Europe.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, an analysis of the reasons behind the growing incidence of anti-Semitism and violence against Jews in France and throughout Europe is provided. The writer explains contemporary and historical causes of the phenomenon.
From the Paper
".... incidents of anti-Semitism prompting Justice Minister Dominique Perben to promise enforcement efforts would become even firmer, while also promising more dissuasive judicial response. The rising incidence of anti-Semitism in France against its Jews has seen many immigrate to Israel despite government assurances. There are several reasons why Jews across Western Europe have become increasingly subjected to anti-Semitism. These reasons relate to contemporary political realities in the Middle East, the U.S. and Europe
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A History of Anti-Semitism, 2002.
An overview of anti-semitism from biblical times to the Nazi Holocaust.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 14 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes anti-Semitism in the New Testament, after Constantine and the Edict, during the Crusades of the Middle Ages, and in the Nazi Holocaust, and then evaluates the consequences for the Jewish people of these policies.
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