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Anorexia Nervosa and the Media, 2002. A look at the media's responsibility in the development of eating disorders. 2,758 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 82.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines how the media has played a significant role in the spread of eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa among adolescent females, by conditioning them to believe that ultra-thin is beauty. It also looks at how the measurement of success and psychological factors also play a role in the development of this deadly disease.
From the Paper "While one cannot claim that media deliberately target adolescent females with their images of ultra thin models, imposing upon them standards of beauty and ideal body standards that they must achieve, research does show that they target women in general with that message. As stated in a National Eating Disorder Association article, "media messages screaming thin is in may not directly cause eating disorders, but they help to create the context within which people learn to place a value on the size and shape of their body" ("The Media, Body Image, and Eating Disorders"). The frequency with which women receive the "thin is in" message is a leading cause of the development of anorexia."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2004. This paper discusses the eating and nutritional disturbances and interventions among teenagers, known as anorexia nervosa. 3,070 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 89.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a patient shows loss of appetite in eating, as well as loss of sensation to hunger. The author points out that, due to lack of the needed nourishment for the body, caused by the constant inability of the patient to eat, an anorexic may experience gradual deterioration of physical health, which, if not properly treated, may lead to the patient?s death. The paper relates that nutritionists suggest that there are several methods and techniques to prevent an adolescent from becoming an anorexic, including cautious behavior of the people around the environment of an adolescent to demonstrate positive views about eating.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Medical Symptoms and Complications Associated with Anorexia Nervosa
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
Factors Causing Anorexia Nervosa
Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa
Complications of Anorexia Nervosa
Medical Problems
Psychological Problems
Problems Caused to the People around the Patient
Preventive Strategies for Both Genders in Adolescence
Treatment Strategies
Therapeutic Strategies
Conclusion
From the Paper "There are diverse individuals that may be involved around the environment of an anorexic adolescent. This includes the parents, the educators, and the medical professionals. These individuals can help adolescents with anorexia nervosa to prevent the disorder from worsening. They can become instrumental mediums in encouraging adolescents to keep in good fit and in healthy conditions, both physically and psychologically."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2004. A research proposal examining the relationship between anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive behaviors in adolescent males. 1,867 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95 »
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Abstract This paper proposes an investigation limited to an examination of male anorexia nervosa in relationship to one measurable symptom, namely, obsessive-compulsive behavior. The paper contends that anorexia nervosa among male adolescents has not received the attention it deserves. The paper presents several questions regarding male anorexia nervosa that should be addressed in an effort to learn more about this disorder among male adolescents.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction and Literature Review
Research Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper "Anorexia nervosa is not a new disorder in terms of dysfunctional adolescent development. Unfortunately however the disorder has long been thought of as being a female crisis rather than having much influence on adolescent male development. Further, there is, research evidence suggesting that anorexia nervosa is gender biased especially since one standard criterion for diagnosing anorexia is amenorrhea, or the absence of the menstrual cycle. As such there is no corresponding criterion for the male population. Because of the disparity of research findings regarding male adolescent anorexics there must exist caution when interpreting any of the formulated results."
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Anorexia Nervosa and Insurance Companies, 2005. Discusses how insurance companies can effect the treatment available for anorexia nervosa. 675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95 »
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Abstract The essay looks at the limitations that insurance companies place on the treatment of patients who are sick the disease anorexia nervosa. The premise of the paper is that anorexia nervosa is a very serious condition and, if not properly treated, may lead to the patient's death. The paper brings cases in which insurance companies have forced termination or limited treatment.
From the Paper "This essay examines some of the issues related to the psychological disease anorexia nervosa. In "Starved Out", Cynthia Fox uses the example of two anorexic sisters to show that patients are often not reimbursed adequately from their insurance companies. Three more articles discovered show evidence that this is true. This essay will argue that anorexia nervosa is a serious, even deadly disease that is often not treated properly and adequately as patients are forced to terminate or limit their treatment due to limited benefits from insurance companies."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2004. A look at the causes, symptoms, and treatment of anorexia nervosa. 1,728 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 55.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines anorexia nervosa, the medical term for an eating disorder condition, in a spectrum of eating disorders, which leads to risk of psychological and physiological complications. It looks at how anorexia nervosa is a relatively new phenomenon; the condition became far more prevalent in the last few decades of the 20th century. It shows how, with the incidence of the condition increasing, along with the emergence of an entirely new eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, efforts to research the causes and appropriate treatments have increased as well.
From the Paper "The complexity of Anorexia Nervosa is evident by the vastness of the current definition, which focuses on symptomatic behavior and to that extent, provides a valuable diagnostic tool. However, it is vital to arrive at a definitive understanding of the underlying causes that lead to such symptomatic behavior in order to develop effective treatments and preventive solutions. A great deal of research effort has attempted to identify the exact causes of eating disorders. One major problem faced by such research attempts has been the difficulty of combining multiple causative factors into one model and finding suitable samples of patients. It is also important to bear in mind the relative infancy of the field itself when examining available data."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2007. A discussion of the history and treatment options for anorexia nervosa. 1,021 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the history and treatment of anorexia nervosa. It begins by analyzing its history and development since the times of Aristotle. The paper then looks at the predominant contributing factor to anorexia nervosa over recent decades - that of the mass media. Finally, the paper discusses the treatment options for anorexia - intensive inpatient programs, residential or partial hospitalization programs and various outpatient programs.
Table of Contents:
History
Treatment
Appendix
Charts and Tables
From the Paper "To prevent relapse of the disorder, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy is used. It is also common for clinicians to also make use of interpersonal and/or psychodynamically oriented individual or group psychotherapy to prevent relapse (Anonymous, 2006). "Because of anorexia nervosa's enduring nature, psychotherapeutic treatment is frequently required for at least 1 year and may take many years" (Anonymous, 2006, p. 8). Provided they have a good grounding in psychotherapy the patient may find support in 12-step groups such as Anorexics and Bulimics Anonymous or Overeaters Anonymous. These groups are often affiliated with the treatment program. The use of psychotropic medications after discharge is based on the individual patient's needs and their initial clinical presentation."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2000. A look at the cognitive and the behaviorist models for classifying anorexia nervosa. 1,566 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95 »
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Abstract This paper provides insight into anorexia nervosa, a mental illness where individuals refuse to eat in pursuit of losing weight due to their intense fear of being fat. It looks at the two types of anorexia nervosa, the primary and secondary form and examines some of the physical symptoms that patients incur such as pallor, emaciation, weakness, muscle fatigue, lanugo (a growth of fine body hair) and amenorrhoea as well as heart complications. It looks at how there are several psychological models which can describe anorexia and focuses on the cognitive model and the behaviorist model. It shows how behavioral therapies are based on the assumption that mental disorders are maladaptive behaviors which have resulted from faulty learning and how the cognitive model concerns itself with the internal processes of thought and the role played by expectations, attitudes and the interpretation of events.
From the Paper "Anorexia nervosa is not the result of an overnight decision. This is why it is so difficult to become aware of until it has advanced to a substantial degree. It generally starts off as a harmless diet, usually without the intentions to starve oneself. In spite of that, if a person has certain predispositions, it may gradually result in anorexia. This is because as the diet progresses, the individual may experience some kind of ?dieting euphoria? because this kind of lifestyle provides them with a sense of control for two reasons; an external and an internal. The external reason is that it provides a sense of ?mastery and euphoria to a person who previously not only felt weak but depressed and empty? (Richard A. Gordon). And the internal reason is the accomplishment of a thin body is appraised by today?s society. However the feeling of euphoria that is experienced is relatively short-lived. In fact, the longer the fasting lasts, a sense of depression gradually takes over to the degree where it becomes a dominant mood. Eventually, the anorexic will go to any extremes in order to conceal and defend her low weight and minimum appetite."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2005. This paper discusses anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder, which has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. 1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that eating disorders affect people in all walks of life, including young boys, men, and women, but girls between the ages of 11 and 17 are at greatest risk. The cause of anorexia nervosa is unknown; victims want everything in their lives to be perfect, and they blame themselves if it is not. The paper states that treatment for anorexia nervosa is very difficult because the patients do not feel there is anything wrong with them. However, if the illness is diagnosed early, and the patient is willing to make a change, it can be reversed.
From the Paper "The medical complications associated with this illness are enormous and too numerous to list is this paper. People who die as a result of anorexia die from cardiac arrest or suicide. The mortality rate is about 5% for each decade and increases up to 20% for patients that have the illness for more than 20 years. Patients with anorexia may have dry skin and thinning hair on their head. They usually have a tendency to feel cold and are frequently ill. Girls usually stop having menstrual periods."
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Ellen: A Profile of Anorexia Nervosa, 2002. A narrative essay illustrating a young girl's suffering with anorexia nervosa. 1,818 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 58.95 »
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Abstract This paper presents a fictional case study of a young girl's battle with anorexia nervosa. The disease is described through the story of 'Ellen'. The paper provides an overview of the signs and symptoms of the disorder and available treatments are discussed. Various theories of the etiology of the eating disorder are explained in this paper. Anorexia nervosa is also compared and contrasted with bulimia.
From the Paper "Ellen enjoyed her life in high school. She excelled in her studies as well as in athletics, with hopes of achieving a college scholarship. She was popular but not ostentatious; a somewhat shy, attractive young woman with an average build (5?4? 115 #) toned by gymnastics. Having a strong parental influence in her life helped her to excel, but also made her constantly feel like her parents controlled her, that she had no sense of autonomy from them. The onset of puberty brought her attention from the boys at school, but, as she developed, her body started to change. Her breasts became larger, her hips became fuller, and her slender frame began to gain weight. At first Ellen enjoyed her transformation, she felt like she was becoming a woman. But her metamorphosis came at a price - she couldn?t perform her gymnastics as well, and she was pressured by her coach to go back to the ?old Ellen?. Her mother "suggested" she diet and exercise to lose weight, and she did. After a few short weeks she looked and felt better, not having realized that the insidious nature of her disease was already setting in, controlling her."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2007. This paper explores Hans Hoek's research "The Incidence of Anorexia Nervosa on Curacao." 1,002 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines incidences of anorexia nervosa that are manifested in societies that are undergoing socio-economic transition. The paper looks at a research article that examines the Caribbean island of Curacao which has recent socio-cultural changes and is classified as an economy in transition. The paper evaluates the research design of this study and discusses how the research found no evidence that socioeconomic transition caused the emergence of anorexia nervosa in Curacao. The paper also looks at this study's contributions to a wider understanding of eating disorders in general.
Outline:
Overview of Study
Implications of Study
From the Paper "Is anorexia nervosa a disease of affluence? Or does the disease occur across the globe as well? In their study, Hoek et al (2005) look at the growing incidences of anorexia nervosa in Curacao, an island in the Caribbean. The major goal of this research is to look at how anorexia nervosa incidences are manifested in societies that are undergoing socio-economic transition."
"The island of Curacao was chosen because it fits into the category of "new affluence." The island has its origins in plantation slavery and continues to be part of the Netherlands Antilles. After its humble beginnings, however, Curacao is enjoying an economic resurgence. It has been classified as a "high income" country by the World Bank, and is increasingly showing cultural influences from Europe as well as the United States. Such socio-cultural changes are fairly recent, however, and could readily be classified as an economy in transition."
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An Examination on Anorexia Nervosa, 2006. This paper analyzes the causes and effects of anorexia nervosa while also exploring the available recovery and treatment options. 2,541 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 77.95 »
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Abstract The writer of this paper details the symptoms of anorexia nervosa which are characterized by weight loss, lowered body temperature, lowered blood pressure, slowed heart rate, thinning hair, fatigue and other signs of malnutrition. This paper details the four criteria that an affected person must meet in order to be diagnosed with anorexia which includes maintaining a body weight that on average is more than 15% below normal as well as having a distorted view of their overall body image. This paper discusses which people are more susceptible to this particular eating disorder. The writer delves into the various reasons certain individuals become afflicted with anorexia. One belief is that people develop anorexia due to the need to control themselves and their lives. Food intake and weight can be controlled as compared to other aspects of life which are out of the hands of most people, such as separation due to death or divorce. This well-researched paper details the dangers of anorexia, that range from mild to severe. It is estimated that some 20% of anorexics die due to complications linked to heart, kidney or other organ failure. The writer also details the various treatments in controlling anorexia, including the 12-step program, based on Alcoholics Anonymous.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Diagnosis
Anorexic Stereotypes
The Psychological/Biological Aspects of Anorexia
The Reasons for Anorexia
The Dangers of Anorexia
Recovery and Treatment
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "As to the types of personalities that are likely to develop anorexia nervosa, it appears that most of them have rather normal preadolescent and teen lives, yet the females, at some point in the development, take on fragility and a lack of inner strength related to coping with loss, such as in divorce, the death of a loved family member or some type of early and traumatic separation. In contrast, some females may have experienced a traumatic event and in order to cope with it turned to excessive eating patterns which in the long term evolved in anorexia. However, it is true that any person regardless of sex or gender can become afflicted with anorexia which indicates that the individual creates and sets the future patterns for eating disorders."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2006. A discussion regarding anorexia nervosa and related statistics 900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95 »
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Abstract This paper describes anorexia nervosa, some of its causes and health consequences. The paper notes that this is a potentially life-threatening disorder, with its prevalence seen as a consequence of the social pressure to be thin at all costs. Research shows the nature of the disorder, its consequences, some of its causes, treatments, and its prevalence in the population, suggesting that the problem may be growing more common and that this could be a result of unrealistic expectations regarding body image. The paper discusses how anorexia is more common among females than males, though it can affect both. The disorder is estimated to be found in one of every two hundred females aged 12 to 18, with males accounting for only five to ten percent of all cases. Anorexia affects people of all races, though most of the sufferers are white. It is believed that this may reflect socio-economic factors more than racial factors.
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Anorexia Nervosa: An Uncertain Etiology, 2003. A comparison of the the biological, the psychological, and the socio-cultural causes of anorexia nervosa. 3,780 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 104.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses how, over the past thirty years, researchers have demonstrated a basic knowledge of classifying anorexia nervosa and how consensus is lacking as to the etiology of this eating disorder. It examines each of the three principal explanatory models, the biological, the psychological, and the socio-cultural, in order to supply insights into the nature, prevalence, distribution, and causes of the disorder. It shows how no one model can be shown to locate the ultimate cause of the disease. It also reviews the principal theoretical models based on empirical studies to demonstrate the connection between female development and anorexia.
From the Paper "Adolescence is considered to be the stage of greatest risk for the development of eating disorders because of the combination of physical and psychological challenges during this time. Weight and shape concerns are extremely prevalent and commonly lead to dieting and the potential development of eating disorders (Gowers, 2001). The literature has suggested that age is an important factor in the development of eating disorders, concluding that perceptual distortion is greater in adolescence than in young adulthood (Brodie, 1994). A study by D.A. Brodie, et al. examined both perceived and ideal body image of 100 girls to establish if adolescence was a contributing factor in body image perception."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2002. This paper provides an in-depth look at the disease anorexia nervosa, and the psychology behind the condition. 1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 51.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the condition that plagues thousands of people each year, anorexia nervosa. The author examines which populations frequently deal with the disease, the symptoms, the risks, and hospitalization and rehabilitation. The paper looks at the psychology behind this many times fatal eating disorder.
From the Paper:
"American society women are given the message starting from a very young age that in order to be successful and happy, they must be thin. Eating disorders are on the rise; it?s not surprising given the value which society places on being thin. Television and magazine advertising show the image of glamorous and thin models are everywhere. Thousands of teenage girls are starving themselves daily in an effort to attain what the fashion industry considers to be the ideal figure. An average female model weighs 23% less than the recommended weight for a woman. Maintaining a weight 20% below your expected body weight fits the criteria for the emotional eating disorder known as anorexia."
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Family Therapy and Anorexia Nervosa, 2006. An overview of the causes, symptoms and treatment of anorexia nervosa. 2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 83.95 »
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Abstract This paper gives a definition of the eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, as diagnosed by the DSM-IV followed by the etiology and attributing factors of how a person develops it. In order to understand how family therapy is useful in dealing with anorexia, the fundamentals of family structure is outlined and a step-by-step approach to family systems therapy and treatment is detailed in stages. Other treatment options that can be used along with family therapy are addressed, as well as other forms of therapy that can be useful.
From the Paper "The risk factors for the development of Anorexia proposed by researchers at the APA (2000), as well as Cooper (1995), include psychological and psychiatric factors such as anxiety, low self-esteem, perfectionism, depression, as well as physical factors such as pre-morbid obesity. Larson (1991) identifies familial factors that may contribute to the development of the disorder, such as patient discomfort in discussing problems with parent and other family members. Other researchers highlight the over-close, over-involved family with high expectations of its children and which is unable to provide the support for individuation and separation during adolescence as a source of risk for the development of an eating disorder (Sanzone, 1999)."
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