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Animal Rights/Animal Liberation, 1999.
Defends the ethical basis for the animal rights movement in their fight against the use of animals in research, based on ecocentric philosophy.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 16 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings
From the Paper
"ANIMAL RIGHTS/ANIMAL LIBERATION: AN ETHICAL DEFENSE
Introduction
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings.
The Ethical Basis of Animal Rights/Animal Liberation ..."
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Can Animation Replace Real Actors?, 2005.
A look at the concern in the movie industry that digital animation will eventually eliminate the need for real actors.
2,031 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a look at the history of animation, focusing special attention on the history of computer animation. The paper explains the advances in technology that have helped improve computer animation techniques and then takes a look at some of the ethical questions that have developed regarding the use of computer animation. The paper then discusses one of the primary concerns, the fear that this type of animation will replace real actors, and explains why actors really have no reason to feel threatened by computer animation.
From the Paper
"Visual representation of ideas, history, and stories has been an important part of human culture since prehistoric times, when cave paintings and other primitive drawings were used to record and relive events. As human culture developed, so did the visual arts, and primitive cave paintings gave way to more complex drawings, paintings, and engravings that told stories ranging from epic mythological tales to a simple moment from daily life. While a talented artist has always been able to bring drawings ?to life? and have a sense of movement in the work, actual animation has its roots in the 1800s. Devices such as the zoetrope, also known as the ?wheel of life,? were simple and used a cylinder with slits in the sides to make the drawings inside appear to move when a person peered through the sides as it spun."
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The Cultural Semiotics of Animation, 2008.
An analysis of the use of animation in pop-culture devices such as advertising.
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between cultural semiotics and animation within the context of anthropology. It specifically looks at the use of animation in pop-culture devices such as advertising and marketing material. The paper also discusses the complexity of animation, as a system of communication and the use of semiology in artistic endeavors, such as communication.
From the Paper
"The level of communication taking place within contemporary animation is often equated to the subtext within semiotic constructs. Beasley and Danesi describe this sub-textual transfer of meaning as being connotative in nature and often relying on associative chains where meaning or signifier is established through storylines (104). Barthes clearly provides the theoretical foundation upon which animators, as indicated by Beasley, Danesi, and Ohmann, develop their unique language constructs that both rely on cultural associations with meaning as well as develop new cultural queues that became part of the popular folklore such as Red Bull's business man and pigeon animation. Yet, other researchers argue that contemporary animation is nothing but a retelling of existing myth that resonates culturally with the societies."
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Computer Animation, 2003.
A discussion on computer animation as an attention getting device.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the use of images, animation, DHTML, Flash and other motion effects on the computer screen. It defines computer animation and its principal application on the Internet as an attention getting device, which are meant to support a site's commercial features.
From the Paper
"This research examines the status and use of motion effects on the Internet notably the use of images animation .DHTML flash and other attributes of the GUI that have to do with creating motion effects on the computer screen. The research will set forth a ..."
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The Use of Animals in George Orwell's "Animal Farm", 2001.
This paper looks at George Orwell's novel, "Animal Farm."
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of George Orwell's use of animal characters in his novel, "Animal Farm." The use of animals as metaphor is also detailed. The author looks at the political environment at the time the book was written and at the message the author was trying to convey to his readers.
From the Paper
"Animals are not simply seen as innocent. Common stereotypes about animals tie into their roles in the story nicely. For example, in many countries pigs are often seen as lazy and greedy animals that like to hog resources. Fittingly, in the novel we are told that first the milk and apples, prized delicacies among the animals, were taken by the pigs, with the false explanation that ?milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig? (27). Later, the pigs award themselves the privilege of waking up an hour after all the other animals and sleeping in ?very comfortable beds?, and they again spread propaganda and create false reasons for their actions (50)."
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History of Animation, 2002.
A history of the development of animated films from 1889 until the present.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the invention of animation in the 1880's and explores the popularity of cartoon productions in the aftermath of World War I. The paper discusses technological advancements in the animation industry such as color, sound, and voice and shows its impact on the popularity of cartoons. The paper discusses the first animated feature film and explores social discrimination in cartoons, focusing on racial discrimination towards African Americans.
From the Paper
"Animation was first attempted in 1906. A commercial artist, J. Stuart Blackman, created his small animation attempt called "Humorous Phases of Funny Faces" (Finch 23). However, Emile Cohl, who may not be the first animator, is recognized for being the first to do individual frame-to-frame drawings in animation. "Mr. Stop" was his first cartoon. Although he knew that he was not such a good illustrator, he helped invent this style of animation (Heraldson 24)."
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Special Effects, Animation and Jurassic Park, 2007.
This paper describes the revolutionary dinosaur images in Stephen Spielberg's 1993 film, "Jurassic Park."
1,569 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the revolutionary special effects and animation used in Spielberg's film, "Jurassic Park." The paper reveals that this film opened the door to a new, eye-popping kind of realism in animation for movie audiences. The paper describes the realism of the dinosaurs and attributes this to the special effects creators, the contractors of the Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) group. The paper examines the technology that ILM used in order to produce such realistic computer-generated images.
From the Paper
"In just about every retail store in America the marketing barrage featured JP action figures, lunch kits, videogames, candy, posters, latex masks, playing cards, children's toiletries, and more, according to Washington State University professor Michael Delahoyde (www.wsu.edu). But it is possible JP would have turned a record profit anyway (it made $870 million worldwide and cost $63 million to produce), without all the marketing trappings, because the animation was so intense and realistic. It was almost like these dinosaurs could walk off the screen and into the lobby where popcorn was being sold."
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Disney Animation, 1991.
This paper discusses the evolution and growth of cartoon innovator Walt Disney's work from 1920s through 1991.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Walt Disney's ingenuity led to many ideas involving talking mice, flying elephants, and the laughter of children. The history and success of animation involves the contribution of many people and companies. This report, however, will focus on the growth of Disney animation and will highlight some important achievements. Animation has grown tremendously since Walt Disney first created Oswald the Lucky Rabbit and Alice Comedies in the early 1920's. Steamboat Willie--the first cartoon to feature synchronized sound--introduced Mickey and Minnie Mouse in 1928. Mickey and Minnie were joined shortly after by other Disney characters, beginning with Pluto in 1930 and Goofy in 1932. With the introduction of Goofy, Disney also became the first to add full color to cartoons. Donald Duck made his debut in 1934 and ,,, "
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Druidism and Animal Experimentation, 2004.
A discussion on Druidic attitudes towards animals and animal experimentation.
799 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, from a Druidic stand-point, animal experimentation and testing on animals would be deemed unethical, immoral, and against the beliefs and teachings of Druidism. It looks at how many modern Druids would probably reiterate that it is indeed against their beliefs, due to their strong ties to nature and the animal world. It discusses how, although some may argue that sacrifices played a role in Druidism, Druid rituals actually only required the use of animal bones or skins; animals were never used to experiment upon or abused for trophies. It also explores how Druids used animal remains and plants for medicinal reasons, as well as religious purposes.
From the Paper
"By all accounts, Druids lived close to nature, where Nature and animals played a key role in their beliefs. They did not believe in fighting or war, but more in education and the sciences of philosophy, astronomy and poetry. There was a strong bond between man and animal, with many of the deities in Druidism had physical similarities to animals. Elements of nature ?were inhabited by guardian spirits? (Pollack, pg226) and ?the importance of animals in the religious life can also be seen in the fact that of the eight Druid festivals of the year, four of them, known as the Fire Festivals, are particularly related to the pastoral life of animal rearing and agriculture? (Carr-Gomm, pg8)."
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Psychological and Behavioral Processes in Humans and Animals, 2002.
This paper compares and contrasts psychological and behavioral processes of human and animals; knowledge of animals gains a deeper comprehension of the similar processes in humans.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that both humans and animals have strong psychological needs that modify attitudes and behaviors. The author states that cognitive processes, including thinking, feeling, memorizing and perceiving, strongly influence the entire welfare of animals and humans. The paper concludes that there are acute differences between the humans and animals in their psychological processes that mutate their behavior.
From the Paper
"Research demonstrates that learning about psychological and behavioral processes of both animals and humans can greatly assist psychologists, physiologists, biologists and most of all general public in ameliorating human/animal interaction and in the successful management of all animals. Over the years, physiological processes have been studied thoroughly and paid much attention to, however, psychological needs and behavioral processes associated to them have neither been examined nor researched, thereby neglecting the most cardinal facet of both animal and human behavior for exploration of the same proves that animals like humans have strong psychological needs that modify and determine their behavior."
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Animal Experimentation, 2002.
This paper discusses the problems of cruelty to animals through animal experimentation.
515 words (approx. 2.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper states that about 20 million animals are cruelly killed per year for product testing. The author feels that alternative means of testing can be used.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Death and Injury Rate
Drug Testing
Horror in the Lab
Tests Performed
Alternatives
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It?s hard to imagine the cruelty some animals are subjected to during experimentation. Last year, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a researcher was videotaped ?using scissors to cut the heads off conscious, unanaesthetized animals before removing their brains (Heyde, 2002).? The researcher admitted doing it for convenience, though it violated university protocol."
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Animal Rights, 2008.
A discussion on how ethics and morality extend to matters associated with the treatment of animals.
3,528 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper summarizes and critiques several different theories associated with the ethical treatment of animals. The paper focuses on the treatment of animals as it relates to hunting and trapping animals, eating animals, using animals for research, and the manner in which domestic and wild animals are treated. The paper summarizes and critiques several theories including anthropocentrism, animal liberation, strong animal rights theory, weak(er) animal rights theory, two-factor egalitarianism, biocentric egalitarianism and ecocentric views.
Outline:
Introduction
Anthropocentrism
Animal Liberation
Biocentric Egalitarianism
Weak Animal Rights Theory
Strong Animal Rights Theory
Two Factor Egalitarianism
Ecocentric Views
Opinion Concerning Ethical Issues and the best Theory to Address These Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Finally, as it relates to the manner in which domestic and wild animals are treated, there must be standards associated with their treatment. As it relates to domestic animals there are many laws that govern their treatment and the responsibilities that owners have for their pets. As it relates to wild animals there is a definite need to have animals at zoos for the purpose of educating people. If an animal is near extinction people might have more compassion and a greater understanding of the plight of the animal if they were educated about their existence and why it needs to be preserved. Educating people may also challenge them to do what they can to preserve a particular species. As with domestic animals there are rules a regulations that govern the treatment of animals at zoos and aquariums, these regulations should be adhered to and in some cases the laws. "
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Hanna Barbera, A History of the Animators, 2008.
A historical perspective of the Hanna Barbera organization, it's founders and contributions to the world of animation.
2,990 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The author of the paper relates the history of the Hanna Barbera animation studio. The writer examines the studio's founders and their activities prior to the founding of the studio and the factors that influenced the founding of the Hanna Barbera studio. The author then goes on to describe the development of the studio, the animation productions that brought the studio to the public eye and notable productions over the course of time. The paper's writer also examines animation techniques used by the studio and innovative use of sound, lighting and special effects. The paper concludes with an overview of the company's position today.
Outline:
Brief History of Both Hanna & Barbera and How Each Evolved as Animators
How They Met or Joined Forces
What Profession Were They in Before Becoming Animators?
How They Started the Company of Hanna Barbera
What Made Hanna Barbera a Success?
What Cartoons They Created
Process of Animation They Used
Special Effects, Techniques, Lighting, & Sound Effects That Were Used
The Position of the Company Today
References
From the Paper
"When MGM closed its animation unit, Hanna and Barbera founded Hanna-Barbera Cartoons Inc., their own production company. The company was known for its magical formula of producing low cost cartoons that focused more on humor, story and characters than on action. The company gained success with the production of 'The Flintstones'. In the year 1980, the company started operating globally by distributing the work through its international network. The Hanna Barbera Company was staffed with the members of MGM animation unit. In order to keep Hanna Barbera productions a secret to the MGM officials, the show 'I Love Lucy' was anonymously promoted. Hanna Barbera made $40000-$60000 for Tom and Jerry shots as compared to $2700 given by Screen Gems for a cartoon having duration of 5 minutes. This forced them to think about earning more profit by reviving the whole cartoon concept. They shifted the focus from visual action, which was followed at MGM, to dialogue and story. They made cartoons which were cheaper by limiting the amount of drawings. However it was not a fruitful solution to remain competitive in the industry. Then the introduction of voices to the cartoons was intended to gain the interest of the audience. In 1957, Daws Butler and Don Messick gave voice to the characters of Ruff and Ready. This enabled the company to produce shows in less time, thereby increasing the sales and enriching the development of the shows. Later the company was sold to Great American Broadcasting in 1987 when there was a slow growth witnessed, and later Turner Broadcasting purchased it in 1991. Turner Broadcasting later merged with Time-Warner Inc. In 1992, Turner started 24-hour cartoon network with Hanna Barbera cartoon series. (History of Hanna Barbera Cartoons Inc)"
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Animal Testing in the United States, 2000.
Examines the procedures and rules governing animal testing, reviews alternative methods and looks at the history of the animal rights movement.
3,795 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 35 sources, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper covers the history of the modern animal rights movement and examines and evaluates the current federal legislation regarding all aspects of animal testing and treatment of laboratory animals. Individual animal tests and alternatives to using laboratory animals are discussed from different viewpoints. Reasons for either supporting or condemning many different types of animal tests in the areas of medicine, cosmetics and scientific research are looked at.
From the Paper
This paper covers the history of the modern animal rights movement and examines and evaluates the current federal legislation regarding all aspects of animal testing and treatment of laboratory animals. Individual animal tests and alternatives to using laboratory animals are discussed from different viewpoints. Reasons for either supporting or condemning many different types of animal tests in the areas of medicine, cosmetics and scientific research are looked at.
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Science and Technology in Animal Rights Literature, 2005.
Examines representations of science, scientists and technology within the animal rights movement, analyzing animal rights literature.
8,000 words (approx. 32.0 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the animal rights movement as presented in literature published by animal rights activists. It first presents the negative attitudes within the animal rights movement towards science and scientists. Next, it examines the animal rights movement's position in society in order to show how this movement is infiltrating the current paradigm of both scientific and lay society. The paper then examines each of the three areas of animal experimentation (biomedical research, product testing, and education). Surveying each of these three, the paper presents the argument posed by the animal rights activists against the use of animals and then presents examples of scientific and technological alternatives currently in use.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Negative Attitudes Towards Science and Scientists
Animal Rights in Society
Biomedical Research
Product Testing
Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Pressures to accelerate legislation concerning the use of animals in scientific experimentation have resulted in legislative mandates under discussion in the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. Bills introduced in both 1988 and 1989 (known as the Consumer Products Safety Testing Act) would require Federal agencies to promulgate regulations specifying that non-animal tests be used whenever possible. When specific non-animal alternatives are found to be less valid, agencies would be required to publish explanations and justifications of continued animal use."
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