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Animal Cloning.
This paper examines the teachings of Comte, the Stoics, and Buddhism, which reflect the controversy of animal cloning from a philosophical standpoint.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that animal cloning is an issue that has stirred great controversy among scientists, philosophers, and members of religious groups, with some objecting to cloning from religious standpoints and others objecting on the basis that a great many early animal clones were born with severe birth defects. The author stresses the teachings of Auguste Comte, which center on the theories of evolution, to question the ethical and moral implications of using animal cloning. The paper relates that the Stoics believed the path to personal happiness and inner peace is through the extinguishing of all desire to have or to affect things beyond one's control, such as animal cloning.
From the Paper
"Comte's theory is also laden with his political views that seem to support the social order and discourage revolution. This is accomplished through his discussion of slow and progressive societal change. Comte also attempted to convince the reader that social change is the result of natural social laws that cannot be changed, so instead of revolting he suggests that the lower classes should adopt a positive attitude toward them. Comte's aim was to create a naturalistic science of society, which would both explain the past development of mankind and predict its future course."
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Pharming and Animal Cloning Methods, 2004.
Argues the position that pharming and animal cloning offer potential medical and economic advantages if they are pursued.
2,464 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the different types of genetic engineering technologies available and describes why they hold such great medical promise. The paper suggests that current research in genetic engineering should continue because of its potential, but that the research should continue within strict ethical boundaries.
From the Paper
"The twentieth century has witnessed great advancements in medical science. Genetic engineering in particular has undergone rapid development and is already revolutionizing the field of medicine. Pharming, stem cell research and other related genetic engineering technologies have created a new wave of hope and have already been successful in treating many of the disease conditions which were we so far considered as incurable and irreversible. Infigen Inc is one company, which has successfully engineered and patented the technique of animal cloning to synthesize human proteins and other important biochemicals, which are invaluable in the treatment of many diseases."
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Animal Rights/Animal Liberation, 1999.
Defends the ethical basis for the animal rights movement in their fight against the use of animals in research, based on ecocentric philosophy.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 16 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings
From the Paper
"ANIMAL RIGHTS/ANIMAL LIBERATION: AN ETHICAL DEFENSE
Introduction
Serious questions have been raised about the ethical justification of the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings. Moral condemnation for the use of animals to benefit humans, however, is not the principal point of such questions. The issue of the use of animals in research is an integral part of the framework of animal rights/animal liberation within the larger structure of environmental ethics. This research defends the ethical framework of animal rights/ animal liberation. The primary focus in this defense is on the use of animals in research designed to benefit human beings.
The Ethical Basis of Animal Rights/Animal Liberation ..."
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Genetic Cloning, 2007.
An examination of the history of animal cloning and the debate against its use.
1,164 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed exploration of genetically cloned food sources. The writer focuses on genetically cloned cattle, and other animals that will be used for food. It begins by explaining the facts about cloning and how animals are cloned, as well as the history behind the process. The paper then explains the concerns regarding cloning animals, that are still being debated.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
The Facts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While cloning of animals for food purposes sounds like something out of a science fiction movie, to many, the actual facts of the process are much less daunting. The animal that is cloned will have the exact same genetic-DNA copy as the donor animal has."
"It is done through a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. During this process genes from the donor animal are removed and then inserted into an egg cell that has already had its nucleus removed. After the lab handles some housekeeping steps to insure egg viability the egg is then placed into a surrogate birthing animal (Temple pp).
It is not completely unlike invitro fertilization with a few exceptions about the way the egg is fertilized."
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To Clone or Not To Clone, 2002.
An overview of cloning and the advantages and disadvantages of it.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses what cloning is and both pros and cons of cloning. Cloning can be used for different reasons from cloning kidneys to having a clone baby that will replace the lost of a child that might have been killed in an accident. The question arises about how safe this actually is and whether it is ethical.
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To Clone or Not to Clone, 2004.
This paper discusses the science of cloning.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer examines the science of cloning. The writer defines cloning and explains the science. The writer looks at the controversy that exists over human cloning. The writer discusses human embryo experiments, in addition to stem-cell research, or reproductive cloning. Further, the writer looks at the question whether or not cloned cells should be protected by law.
From the Paper
"A clone is an individual organism grown from a single body cell of its parent making it a genetic duplicate of the parent. According to an article in Wilson Quarterly, that a sheep had been cloned from the cells in the udder of a six year old ewe, the world was both elated and stunned. Despite the uncertainties regarding technology, the cloning of animals may benefit humans. For example cloning ... "
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To Clone or Not to Clone, 2006.
An overview of the debate on cloning.
1,432 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the public opinion dealing with cloning is still greatly divided and how many religious groups are against cloning because they feel that it is wrong to copy natural creation. It contends that the advantages of cloning far outweigh those concerns and also the disadvantages. It argues that cloning is completely ethical and there should be no bans against the production of organs, organisms, and living things for scientific and human enhancement, whether it is saving lives or creating them.
From the Paper
"Cloning has been a heated debate in America in recent years. It is one of the most controversial topics that exist today. Many people have misconceptions about it that lead to a misunderstanding of the possible advantages that could result from cloning. With President Bush pushing for a total cloning ban and swaying large numbers of Americans on his side, it is hard to oppose it and take the stance for pro-cloning. However, for every disadvantage on cloning, there are hundreds of advantages to support it. America is on the brink of a genomic revolution with the outcome of finding many cures they never knew were possible. It is time that a new light is shed on cloning. It is time that Americans look to pro-cloning in our new technological age for great improvements in life and on scientific discoveries."
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To Clone or Not to Clone? That is the Question!, 2002.
Paper deals with the good and bad that cloning has to offer.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
A paper which argues for the legalization of cloning, and the writer states reason why he is personally in favor of this measure. The writer also uses an excerpt from Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein"to show the other side of the table, as well as several other sources in support of the legalization of cloning.
From the Paper
"Just think of all the benefits that cloning could provide. Death and disease would be virtually nonexistent. People would be able to live longer, healthier, happier lives. There would no longer be an endangered species list. Survival rates would be at an all time high. Food production would be greatly increased. In spite all of these positive aspects of cloning, I do not believe that the world will ever see a cloning generation. There are too many anti-cloning activists that roam the earth and too many people afraid of change that science and technology can bring. There are not enough people willing to take the required risks. For, as Frederick B. Wilcox says, ?Progress always involves risks. You can't steal second base and keep your foot on first? (Quote Garden)."
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Cloning, 1999.
Provides a definition, and looks at this concept from a ethical, social & scientific perspective. Discusses animal & human cloning, benefits & risks.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Genetics today is on the cutting edge of biological science, and scientists working in this area are involved in a wide variety of pursuits that will have profound implications for our future on this planet, with projects including the creation of new biologic entities, curing diseases, manufacturing synthetic versions of biologic substances, identifying different genetic codes and what they do, and perhaps finding a way to control that genetic information to produce animals with certain characteristics or without certain characteristics, including greater strength, resistance to disease, and a higher yield in meat, eggs, dairy products, or whatever they provide. Geneticists have already accomplished many of these things with grains, plants, and even certain farm animals. Such advances in medicine and biology offer great possibilities for future medical.."
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The Use of Animals in George Orwell's "Animal Farm", 2001.
This paper looks at George Orwell's novel, "Animal Farm."
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of George Orwell's use of animal characters in his novel, "Animal Farm." The use of animals as metaphor is also detailed. The author looks at the political environment at the time the book was written and at the message the author was trying to convey to his readers.
From the Paper
"Animals are not simply seen as innocent. Common stereotypes about animals tie into their roles in the story nicely. For example, in many countries pigs are often seen as lazy and greedy animals that like to hog resources. Fittingly, in the novel we are told that first the milk and apples, prized delicacies among the animals, were taken by the pigs, with the false explanation that ?milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig? (27). Later, the pigs award themselves the privilege of waking up an hour after all the other animals and sleeping in ?very comfortable beds?, and they again spread propaganda and create false reasons for their actions (50)."
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Cloning, 2006.
This paper looks at cloning and investigates related issues.
2,890 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
Today, man has progressed so much in the field of science that it has claimed to possess the power and knowledge to duplicate any living organism. In the year 1997, scientists at the Roslin Institute, Scotland, announced that they had successfully cloned a sheep. Proudly naming it "Dolly", this event led to a series of concerns all across the globe. Many rejoiced at this effort and were supportive, while others felt that man was trying to play God. Debates on ethical and moral aspects of this achievement were conducted and people including religious sectors denounced this process. It should also be noted that Dolly was not the first animal to be cloned. The first animal to be cloned was a tadpole done more than four decades before Dolly.
From the Paper
"Human cloning and cloning in general brings a lot of ethical and moral issues. People and religious institutions brand this as man interfering with nature or man trying to play God. They feel that the act of producing life belongs to God alone and cloning should be avoided and not conducted under any circumstances. Christianity believes that man is made in the image of God and is created in uniqueness hence they say that if human cloning would be practiced then that would be man being created in the image of man rather than God. Hence they along with nearly all the major religions condemn the act of human cloning."
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Cloning, 2002.
This paper takes a detailed look at the cloning process, and the political and ethical, and medical debates surrounding the cloning controversy.
6,165 words (approx. 24.7 pages), 17 sources, $ 144.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth research paper on the history and development of cloning. The author discusses such topics as procedures and methods, specific experiments, and risks and repercussions of genetic engineering. The paper also includes a discussion of birth defects in cloned animals, stem cell research, and the political and ethical debates concerning genetic engineering.
From the paper:
"Cloning is a form of genetic engineering in which the DNA of a person, animal, plant, or bacterium is used to produce a perfect or near perfect genetic replica of the original. A new individual is created from a single cell. Each group of researchers has its own specific technique. The best known is the Roslin technique, and the most effective and most recently developed technique is the Honolulu technique. The most commonly known are the Roslin Technique, The Honolulu Technique, and nuclear transfer. A technique known as twinning also exists, but it can only be used before an organism?s cells split. The cloning of Dolly the sheep is considered by many to be the most important event in cloning history. Dolly was created by the Roslin Technique, which was created by the researchers at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. It spurred public interest in cloning and proved that the cloning of adult animals could be achieved. Until then, it was not known if an adult nucleus was able to produce a completely new animal. Genetic damage was possible, and researchers did not know if the damage would be reversible, but nevertheless, they took the chance."
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Cloning, 2002.
A paper which takes a look at the ethical questions surrounding the cloning of animals and human beings.
1,534 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the questions and objections raised by those opposed to the cloning of human beings. It discusses the fact that science is "incomplete" and therefore unable to predict the outcome of cloned humans. It also examines the ethical questions surrounding the topic, including the fact that the souls of cloned humans cannot be copied, only their physical and genetic make-up. Finally, the paper argues that before science attempts to clone humans, it should come up with the answers to the many religious, ethical and moral dilemnas pertaining to the subject.
From the Paper
"Another important question to ask is what kind of relationship would the clone have with the donor who is supposed to be acting like a parent? This is not a very good argument. Confidentiality would keep anyone but the parents and the doctors from knowing that the child is a clone. As stated earlier, the parent whom the child was cloned from and the child would not necessarily look alike, at least not any more alike than a child can normally look like a parent, and they would not necessarily act alike. The womb environment and the environment within the first couple of years after birth has such a huge affect on us, that the child may never know he/she was a clone, and, if cloning were perfected, no one would even ever suspect that the child was a clone."
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Argument against Human Cloning, 2005.
This paper offers a scientific and ethical argument against human cloning, referring to the experiment of the animal Dolly.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This scientific and ethical argument against human cloning presents the pros and cons of this serious issue. The writer claims that the problems of experimentation on animals have not been adequately addressed to suggest that human beings should be cloned at the present time. Furthermore, the writer discusses that the ethical grounds of the property aspect of a cloned human being are not being explored in the environmental or societal ramifications that would logically need to be understood.
From the Paper
"This scientific study examines a scientific and ethical argument against human cloning in regards to the problems with "Dolly", the first animal to ever be cloned. In this manner, the problems of Dolly's death is examined through the science of cell research to realize the premature death of this pioneering animal. In this respect, Dolly died at an early age due to severe arthritis, which may be an error in the development of the cells that created Dolly from her "mother". Through an examination of the details of this erroneous cloning, there needs to be far better research and development before human beings should be considered for the cloning process."
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IVF and Cloning, 2005.
Compares therapeutic cloning to reproductive cloning for the use in in-vitro fertilization.
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the term "therapeutic cloning," which is the use of cloning in terms of rehabilitation and organ transplants. It then compares this technique to the controversial reproductive cloning, which is the cloning of an entire human being. The paper also looks at the ethical problems of reproductive cloning.
Paper Outline
Information Summary
Techniques Used in Therapeutic Cloning
Techniques Used in Reproductive Cloning
Regulation of Procedures
Opinion
Congressional Testimony
Recommended Regulations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Proponents of human reproductive cloning, on the other hand, argue that infertile couples deserve the chance to have children in another way, and that the critics who are urging caution and predicting societal shifts because of human reproductive cloning are basically expressing the same arguments that were put forth decades ago against IVF, to
no substantial avail in the present because, as mentioned, this technique has been proven safe and is endorsed by Supreme Court decisions."
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