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African-American Movie and Television Images, 2002. This paper explores the image of African-Americans in movies and television and their impact on socialization. 3,145 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 91.95 »
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Abstract This paper presents an extensive chronology of the manner in which African-American have been presented in movies and on television. This paper states that despite the attempt to portray American culture accurately, the media lags behind in regards to the changes in morality and values held by the American people, especially in the portrayal of minorities. The author feels that because television is an intense carrier of socialization, there needs to be much more research to assess the impact of these images on the psyche of black youth.
Table of Contents
Background Information on U.S. Media and Television
The American Audience
Four Functions of Media
The Image of African-Americans on Television
Roots of the Distorted Images of African-Americans
The Birth of Television Images
Life on Television Study
The Neilson Rating System
Televisions Impact on Socialization
Socialization and Comprehension in Childhood
Studies with Children and Television
From the Paper "The Anglo-Saxon beliefs, which were brought to this country, showed the beginning of racial prejudice in this country. White was seen as pure, clean, good, reflecting the spiritual light; and black was seen as impurity, filth, evil and spiritual darkness. Those people who were prosperous and self-sufficient were the spiritual elect, and those who were enslaved were seen as damned. These beliefs carried on in the South, with the mythology of the happy slaves who were content to serve the master as the ultimate fulfillment of their lives. This became one of the many justifications for slavery and exploitation of blacks. During the Reconstruction period, images of a lazy, slow-witted blacks with loose morals and fondness for alcohol were used to reinforce institutionalized and social racism."
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American Television in the 1980s, 2004. This paper discusses the problems of American television in the 1980s, television's cultural history, the postmodern television consumer culture as explored in DeLillo?s ?White Noise? and Wallace?s ?Girl with Curious Hair", and television sports. 2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 79.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that the decade of the 1980s is seen as the explosion of television culture in terms of the proliferation of networks and the availability of programming through the cable. The author points out that Wallace and DeLillo are both concerned with postmodern characters that are absent internal selves, or rather, characters that seem to be informed of behavior primarily through the use of television. The author believes that sports on television now seems to be as dysfunctional as the nuclear family: a series of different schedules with a lot of hype, dreams or delusions of grandeur, with no meaningful connection to the simple love of the game.
Table of Contents
Cultural History of American Television
The Postmodern Television Consumer Culture: ?White Noise? and ?Girl with Curious Hair?
Television?s Impact on Sports
From the Paper "The FCC continued to be the regulating body that determined what would be permissible for the American public to view. However, the Reagan administration that preached supply-side economics, believed that deregulation was the best method of growing the economy given the many slow-downs that dominated the 1970?s. ?For FCC chairman (Reagan appointee) [Mark] Fowler, the only kind of regulation that was legitimate came from the market itself, and he made this clear to gleeful industry executives from his earliest days in office? (Steyer 137). Fowler also acknowledged that such regulation should be at the hands of media and broadcasting executives because they had first hand knowledge of what Americans really wanted to see. Ironically, it seemed that the Reagan administration passively promoted a liberal media that looked for alternative methods of programming even though the business executives would assess its effectiveness and its decency."
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Portrayal of Overweight vs. Thin Women in American Television Series, 2003. Compares how overweight and thin women are portrayed on American television series. Cites "Everybody Loves Raymond," "The Drew Carey Show" and "The Parkers." 1,127 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95 »
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Abstract This paper focuses on how overweight women are portrayed in American television, stressing the comical roles in which unattractive women are cast. While thin, attractive women are prevailing with more dominant, powerful roles, overweight female characters are cast in demeaning roles. Given the dominant role allows an attractive woman to address important women's issues, where her overweight counterpart is often cast in roles that confine her to the undesirable stereotype of of the pushy, nosy, nit-picker.
From the Paper "Over the past few years, actresses have found themselves in greater positions of freedom with regards to the roles open and offered to them. Women are prevailing in television with more dominant, powerful roles and given a chance to address issues that concern the female public. However, it is usually the younger, thin women who get to stretch the limits of society. They get to explore roles of sexual and personal liberation. Thin women are shown as holding high positions in the economic world as well as having the ability to attract many men. For the most part, their older, overweight counterparts are still confined to roles that portray them as intrusive busybodies. When they push these attitudes beyond the normal social expectations, they become the joke of other characters and must then deal with their ridicule. Overweight female characters in sitcoms are demeaned and made fun of by other characters in the show. They are often characterized by overly flamboyant clothes, makeup and personalities, and as a result the other characters show a slight fear of them. These roles are especially prevalent in the evening situational comedies that one might watch."
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Portrayal of African-Americans on Television, 2001. This paper focuses on the treatment of African-Americans in television programs spanning decades. 2,022 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 15 sources, $ 64.95 »
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Abstract This paper focuses on the treatment of African-Americans in television programs spanning decades. Specific shows are discussed (e.g. - "All In The Family", "Sanford & Son"). Conclusions are drawn by the author based on his/her research regarding trends of treatment of African-Americans in mass media.
From the Paper "There is no question that media is a very powerful force in all of our lives. Whether we realize it or not the media is an important factor in molding some of our first opinions as children. That is why it is very important for television to be representing all minorities. Television has not historically done a good job of this. However, it has improved drastically from how things were in the 1950?s. It is also very important that other races are portrayed accurately. If they are portrayed in stereotypical ways, that will be the view that children have before they are old enough to make their own decisions. We need to teach our children about other races in order to live in a world that respects all races."
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Television Ratings, 2007. This paper examines current rating systems and looks at whether the
Q-Score reports accurately represent the American television viewing public. 4,800 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 122.95 »
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Abstract This research proposal identifies the known problems with the rating systems and proposes a study that would help determine if the Q-Score reports are misrepresenting the American television viewing public. In this article, the writer discusses whether Marketing Evaluations'
Q-Scores for television ratings accurately represent the television viewing habits of all Americans, including minority groups, or whether the limited population samples and data analysis methods are skewed in such a way that minority populations are underrepresented in ratings and the media. The writer claims that this is an important study because of the integral role that television and the media play in the lives of all Americans, and as a part of American society overall. The writer concludes that if there is a misrepresentation of minority groups in the current Q-ratings reports, this must be identified and this information made available to the public so that all members of society can make an informed decision regarding media-related activities, such as advertising, that are affected by the quality of television ratings reports.
Outline:
Abstract
Purpose and Rationale
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Limitations
Works Cited
From the Paper "If a small-scale study finds a significant problem, other researchers will be interested in doing further analysis on this issue. Also, the public may simply be made aware of the issue, therefore considering these questions when taking stock in ratings reports. It is known that the television media industry and their advertisers depends on ratings reports to make decisions regarding programming and product placement. It is also well documented that minority groups have been significantly underrepresented in the Nielsen ratings, the country's leading marketing provider of television ratings, as will be illustrated by the following literature review. What is not known is whether the Q Rating system, which collected data in different ways than the Nielsen ratings, also has a problem in properly representing minority groups and providing accurate data on the television viewing habits of the American public."
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Australian Television, 2004. A review of the globalization and Americanization of Australian television. 2,202 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 68.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the undeniable influence of American productions on Australian television. The discussion includes a look at American influence on the pay TV sector, in terms of ownership, channels and content, and on free-to-air television in terms of drama, news and current affairs, documentary production and popular American sorts such as situation comedy and soap opera.
From the Paper "The homogenisation of cultures is impossible as well. As Appadurai states, "people, machines, money, images, and ideas follow increasingly non-isomorphic paths" in the construction of contemporary global cultures . International success of Australian dramas Neighbours and Home and Away can be given example to this unpredictable exchange of cultural goods. American influence can not be denied, as it will be argued throughout the essay, but globalisation is not a one way process and injection of American cultural values into other countries."
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Misrepresentation of Immigrant Groups in the American TV, 2005. Discusses the sociological impact of American series television on forming public bias against minority groups. 2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 79.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the sociological impact of American series television on forming public bias against ethnic groups in negatively stereotyped story lines and characters. It provides a brief history of communication and how images impact viewers.
From the Paper "It happens in millions of homes all across America every evening - it's the end of another long hard and everyone is exhausted. Dinner is over and the dishes sit scattered across the counter tops and sit piled in the sink. The children have been bickering since the moment they walked in the door. Desperate for a few moments of peace Mom walks determinedly into the family room and turns on ..."
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Got Television?, 2003. A compare-and-contrast paper on two books by Neil Postman that deal with the evolution and penetration of television into the American market and American home. 2,512 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 76.95 »
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Abstract This paper explores the far-reaching effects that television has had on the American family and American mindset. Since its introduction, television has become more and more of a staple in the American home. People spend about 1/4 of their day watching television, which is coming to have a greater impact on all facets of American life. The paper uses "Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business" and "Conscientious Objections: Stirring Up Trouble About Language, Technology, and Education" by Neil Postman as references.
From the Paper "I will never forget the day that I lost all trust in and respect for the television news media. Amidst the endless broadcasts covering the attacks of September 11, one of the many scenes that seemed to be stuck on repeat was that of children in Afghanistan celebrating joyfully in the streets. The video footage depicted young children running rampant in the streets with expressions of glee pasted on their faces and waving noisemakers in the air. According to the various television news stations, these children were celebrating the successful terrorist attacks which had just taken place in America. By constantly playing this recording, the onus of blame was attributed to Afghanistan as a nation as opposed to those who were actually responsible- the Al-Qaida network."
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African-Americans in the Media, 2002. A detailed discussion on how African-Americans are portrayed on television and in the movies. 900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95 »
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Abstract This paper presents a detailed discussion about the way the media portrays African-Americans on television and in the movies. The author uses several examples to illustrate the way the media characterizes and portrays African-Americans the majority of the time.
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Media Stereotype of Black Americans, 2005. This paper discusses the negative stereotypes of Black Americans in the media especially television and films. 2,345 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that, if people do not have exposure to a variety of individuals from different races and cultures on a daily or frequent basis, the media then becomes their primary source of stereotypes from which to form judgments of various ethnic groups. It points out that unfortunately, culture and class stereotypes are still prevalent in the media today, especially with regard to African-Americans. The author points out many specific examples in film, television shows and crime-related television news stories where Black Americans are being portrayed as violent, ignorant and racist more often than White Americans. The paper stresses that Americans will never learn to respect each other as long as one race is glorified at the expense of another race; therefore, all consumers, minority and "majority", should make an economic statement about better quality programming by applying pressure on sponsors.
From the Paper "The issue of the black coach goes far deeper than wins and losses on the football field. Owners have demonstrated all too often that the bottom line is not the number in the win column. Reasons provided for not hiring more black coaches range from not knowing the person, to not wanting a person of color in charge. Owners and general managers know who is in charge, and they demonstrate a belief that they can achieve their objectives with those who share a common ground. The bottom line is that it's inexcusable for a disproportionate representation of black coaches in both collegiate and professional sports, where there is such a high representation of participants."
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Television and America, 2004. Examines the influence that television has had on American society. 1,337 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the impact that television has had on American society, with an emphasis on how television has influenced politics in America. The paper also discusses how television influenced the civil rights movement and the process of international Americanization.
From the Paper "There are a few striking visual messages, associated with the political that really stand out in the minds of most Americans. From the first televised presidential debates to the near continuous television coverage of congressional activities that exists today, television has made landmark strides towards informing the people. Though, many would argue that this has all come at a price, associated with the visual image sometimes being more compelling than the political message and also the sheer cost of national campaigns given the high cost of television advertisement. Yet, it is also clear that the world of politics in the United states would not be what it is today without the political images and information we all get form the television."
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Television and Americana, 2005. Argues that the television has had an overall positive impact on American society. 1,924 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 61.95 »
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Abstract This paper argues that, like everything else that has impacted the American way of life, the TV has created tribulations with some viewers, who believe in accusations such as how the TV is inappropriate for children or how it can ruin an audience's mind. There are always going to be two sides to a controversy or argument, and that is primarily the case for the television. The paper shows that although the opposition's belief toward the television might seem logical, more than not has the television satisfied many Americans, while shaping the American lifestyle in a positive way. The paper argues that since television's introduction in the 1940s and 1950s, it has proven to be a revolutionary instrument that has influenced political, social and economic changes in America, while contributing to keeping the American dream alive.
From the Paper "The "boob tube," in its early continuation of the 40s and 50s, also signified change in American society and cultural principles. Ed Weiner, a TV statistician for over fifty years, has studied sitcoms closely and can prove this transition. According to Weiner's studies, when Lucile Ball of the famous sitcom I Love Lucy became pregnant in 1952, the writers wanted to incorporate the pregnancy into the show's story line. Pregnant women had never been included in a film or radio plot before and was a subject that many writers tried to avoid. However, the show allowed it, and doing so opened the moral barriers found in the entertainment industry and society itself. CBS in the process lined up priests, ministers and rabbis in order to review all the pregnancy scripts to protect themselves (76)".
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A History of Couples on Television, 2006. An examination of television couples and how their relationships reflect American society. 2,819 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 83.95 »
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Abstract The paper analyzes how people naturally seek out partners in an effort to be a part of a couple, and so they find other couples fascinating, watching them, observing them, and silently comparing their experiences together with their own. The paper examines how the history of couples on television, especially in America, serves as an intriguing study into American culture and values in general. The paper describes how couples on television have been portrayed differently over the decades as American beliefs and values have changed. The paper proposes that to study the history of couples on television is to study American attitudes toward a variety of social institutions and situations.
From the Paper "Perhaps the first famous television couple in America was the duo of Desi Arnaz and Lucille Ball. Exploding onto American television screens in the early 1950s, Lucy and Desi were unique in that they not only played a married couple on television, but they were also married in real life (Douglas, 2003). Because of this real life connection, the Lucy and Desi duo was a particular source of fascination to the American public for many years. People wanted to watch Lucy and Desi to see not only what unbelievable exploits they would get into week after week, but to see if any part of their real life relationship was translated onto the television screen."
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Television and Politics, 2006. A discussion of how television has changed politics. 1,994 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 63.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses the impact that television has on American society, and especially in the field of politics. This includes how television is used as a means to celebrate America's positive qualities, such as in the aftermath of World War II. The paper explains how television has influenced politics in America, with examples such as the famous debate between Richard M. Nixon and John Fitzgerald Kennedy in the 1950s. It also mentions how television has a direct effect on women's perceptions of themselves and of what they desire in a politician. The paper further discusses the rise in acceptance of Freudian psychoanalysis and the "dumbing" down of knowledge received through the television. It concludes that television has led to the start of the erosion of political intelligence in the American public.
Introduction
Truth in Broadcasting
Coming to You 'Live' from the Universe
Freud and the American Political Animal
Lifting Up or Dumbing Down?
Women and Broadcasting
Changing a Way of Life
Works Cited
From the Paper " Until the advent of commercial television in the United States in the early 1950s, political campaigns in this country depended on newspapers, magazines and radio shows to reach the American people, and town hall meetings were still used as well, arguably for more than the 'photo ops' they provide to TV news crews these days. Anyone who was treated to the 'dueling banjos' of the last presidential campaign, in which the 'fight songs' of Bush and Kerry were played in endless counterpoint on every TV station in the nation, must wonder how much TV had changed politics, making the entire event into a media circus rather than what it once is rumored to have been, an exchange of ideas about how best to continue the great experiment that is American democracy."
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Violence on Television, 2002. An inquiry into the effects of watching violent programming on television and the increasing violent nature of American society. 938 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95 »
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Abstract This paper explores how the issue of violence on television, which was raised in the past, is once more being given considerable attention in the media, by congress, and in the public at large. The writer comments that one of the driving forces behind the current concerns over televised violence is the fact that the public perceives American society as itself becoming more violent, in spite of crime statistics showing otherwise. The paper makes reference to a number of studies conducted on this topic while mentioning their failure to really answer the questions raised on increasing violence on TV and its effects.
From the Paper "While these questions frame the issue, they are questions that have not been answered. An attempt to answer some of these has been made in various studies, the most prominent of the recent examples being the report by the UCLA Center for Communication Policy. The authors of the report point out that everyone has an opinion about television violence precisely because television is so accessible and important in people's lives."
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