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"The American Scholar", 2006.
This paper reviews and analyzes the text of Ralph Waldo Emerson's speech titled "The American Scholar" given in 1837 at Cambridge University.
827 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper written from the writer's personal point of view discusses the powerful, yet difficult to understand, speech given by Emerson in which the American author and philosopher attempts to inspire America's youth. This paper details the main points in Emerson's speech which stresses the importance of educators and scholars and the role that they play in academia. The writer attempts to analyze the messages and metaphors used by Emerson in this particular work of writing. The writer contends and explains that while this speech is considered an outstanding piece of literature the style of writing used by Emerson is complicated and the metaphors are confusing. This paper focuses on various quotes from the actual text while pondering the author's primary intent.
From the Paper
"In this oration, he starts off with describing that Man was divided into men to help himself just as the hand was divided into fingers. This is quite confusing and contrary to many religious doctrines. Further Emerson portrays Man as something like God. He states that Man is the master of all trades and professions and only when Man was divided into men, "these functions are parceled out to individuals". He talks about Man being perfect and the men into who Man was divided to be full of flaws. Although I do agree that men have flaws and can never be perfect, the concept of Man whom he portrays nothing less than God is confusing and the point that Emerson wishes to convey by stating this is not understood by me. What I did not understand about his essay further on was when he talks about a school-boy and a Root and refers to it as being the "soul of his soul". To me the concept of a soul having a soul is beyond my understanding of the entire concept of soul. Emerson insists that books written by men are only written by men and not Man hence people should not follow them and use them as a source of inspiration."
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Ralph Waldo Emerson, 2004.
A discussion on how Ralph Waldo Emerson?s later ?Self-Reliance? is far more likely to be appealing to American college students today than his early ?American Scholar?.
730 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Ralph Waldo Emerson?s transcendentalist philosophy shifted and changed over the course of his life. In particular, it looks at how Emerson?s ideas in his essays ?Self-Reliance? and ?The American Scholar? show profound shifts in judgment on what a human being and a thinker should aspire to be. It attempts to show that the Emerson that is most likely to be amenable to the sensibilities of college students today is likely to be that of his later essay upon ?Self-Reliance,? rather than his earlier ?The American Scholar,? which only manifests the later essay?s ideas in a half-formulated and a much more Christian-focused fashion.
From the Paper
"Today?s emphasis on postmodernism and the constant restructuring of one?s identity over the course of one?s educational existence makes the lack of consistency and the disdain for tradition expressed by Emerson in the earlier essay to be quite attractive to young college students. ?Else, to-morrow a stranger will say with masterly good sense precisely what we have thought and felt all the time, and we shall be forced to take with shame our own opinion from another,? writes Emerson, if we do not constantly reexamine our own opinions. Emerson?s overall philosophy, as expressed in this essay, is that rather than looking to past, European models of excellence and artistic expression, young Americans must create their own, new models that are not hemmed in by past ideals. To live is to constantly reinvent one?s self and life."
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Italian-American Women in Literature, 2005.
This paper discusses the evolving and multifaceted roles of Italian-American women in literature through the eyes of Italian-American male and female authors.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that stereotypes from whores to the Holy Madonna incarnation encompass the multi-faceted and contradictory roles of Italian-American women in Italian-American literature written by both Italian-American men and women. The author points out that the literature relates that social class, differences in religiosity, the American tradition and construction of success and the often contradictory ways the familial and immigrant experience, have come into conflict with the female experience in American. The paper reviews Pietro di Donato's relatively early novel "Christ in Concrete", Mario Puzo's "The Godfather", Helen Barolini's novel "Umbertina" and her collection of personal and scholarly entitled essays "Chiaroscuro" and Evidge Giunta's text "Writing With an Accent" to demonstrate that beneath these narrow stereotypes more complex and individuated roles of Italian-American women's life do emerge.
From the Paper
"These images emerge in the depicted reality of nonfiction as well as fictional life come forth, as these women are seen engaged in child rearing, showing impressive work ethics to enable their families to survive, laboring as well as suffering in the role of daughter, and as these women show their strength in their roles of mother as well as their silent compassion. Gradually, as Italian women themselves began to speak, Italian women and authors have grown fluent at showing female Italian working and middle-class sexuality as well as images of long-enduring Mediterranean fortitude, women alone in the role of a wife bent over a stove bubbling with red hot gravy and meatballs smelling of garlic and onions."
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Asian-American Literature, 2004.
This paper reviews Asian-American history and provides a course outline for incorporating Asian-American literature studies into middle-school or high-school coursework.
2,320 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Asian-American literature, which has grown considerably over the last several decades, is considered one of the subdivisions of multicultural literature. The author points out that scholarly and popular interest in Asian-American literature is of recent vintage, having found its direct roots in student activism at San Francisco State and the University of California, Berkeley in the late 1960s, which resulted in the creation of interdisciplinary ethnic studies programs; today, courses in Asian-American literature are common throughout U.S. higher education. The paper relates that Asian-American literature is an oft-contested field due to the wide variety of cultures and backgrounds in the Asian-Americans culture; however, this variety of backgrounds has given rise to writings reflective of cross-generational concerns and styles.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Course Outline
Course Abstract
Fiction
Group Project
Single Project
Survey
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When considering the history of Asian-American literature, it is necessary to also look at the history of those who came to the United States since its formation. In reviewing the Asian-American literature, it is also important to note the history of Asian immigration to the United States. The Chinese first started immigrating to the United States during the mid- to late-1860s, as part of the gold rush. They provided cheap labor for farms and the transcontinental railroad. Other Asian groups joined them during this same time to work in the Hawaiian sugar plantations or California farm fields. The Asians were recognized as second-class citizens from their very first days in the country. However, they still had to contribute 50 percent of the taxes collected in California between 1850 and 1870 because of the Foreign Miners Tax of 1850. Other discriminatory events included the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1885, which initiated a ban on Chinese immigration."
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American Democracy, 2002.
An analysis of the views of Benjamin Barber and John Dewey on American Democracy.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The two most prominent American political theorists, John Dewey and Benjamin Barber, argue that technology and economics have eliminated the role of individual and cooperative efforts to being about commonly desired consequences. This paper examines these two scholars views on American democracy and asks if this political practice is not self-destructive.
From the Paper
"American political democracy had its roots and evolved from small closely-knit communities. The Town meetings were the means of securing communal ends. The much debated electoral college in the last Presidential election and the local school system are reminders that the "public" once operated primarily in highly localized and manageable situations. People had real power, as it is the essence of democracy, they could meet to discuses and resolve issues effecting the entire community. But the technological advancement, the industry and economics forces have broadened human associations beyond local community boundary lines. The new technologies of communications and travel has brought people closer in a way, which has gone beyond the normal community interactions and are more complicated."
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The Geographies of "American Beauty", 2005.
A discussion of feminine confinement and control, as shown in the film "American Beauty" (1999).
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the Oscar-winning film American Beauty (1999), which presents a complex vision of gender relations in contemporary American suburbia. Through a critical evaluation of the film with reference to scholarly work on the geography of gender, this paper demonstrates the radical degree to which American Beauty visualizes feminine confinement and control, while showing pathological feminine power in suburban space. The paper further analyzes how the perception of confinement may seem unusual in a film such as American Beauty whose cinematography at various points - such as the opening - emphasize the wide expanses of suburban life.
From the Paper
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The History of American Education, 2005.
Examines texts on the history of American education.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This text explores the works of three prominent educational scholars - Frederick Rudolph, Bernard Bailyn, Edward A. Krug and Lawrence A. Cremin - and outlines the strengths and failings of their works. This paper suggests that each book, while a substantial contribution to literature on the growth and development of the American educational system, is limited in some way. The paper argues nonetheless, that all of these writers reveal insights and information that is not commonly accessible.
From the Paper
"The History of American Education has been a long and fascinating one. In a space of less than two hundred fifty years, America grew from a mere adjunct of the British Empire into the most powerful nation on earth. Certainly, America was blessed with a pronounced geographic advantage over its European rivals and it was doubly blessed to have bountiful natural resources as well. But even with that in mind, the American education system deserves at least some of the credit for turning the United States into the world's wealthiest and most influential land."
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?Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution?, 2004.
A review of this book by James M. McPherson on Lincoln's role in the American Civil War.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The book, ?Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution?, looks largely at the Civil War and the role that Lincoln had in many of the transformations that came about from it, such as the slaves that were liberated and the political and social order in the South. The paper discusses McPherson's claim that the 16th president was a conservative and a revolutionary. The paper shows, too, that one of the most significant things about this book is that McPherson looks at something that many other Civil War scholars and historians tend to ignore, Lincoln's war leadership ability and strategy.
From the Paper
"However, what McPherson is most interested in and looks at the closest in this group of essays is a philosophical change. During the Civil War, there was a change in what McPherson terms negative liberty, in other words freedom from government oppression, to positive liberty, in other words the right for protection. This was guaranteed by the federal government and the Civil War helped to make it possible. The second essay in the book looks at the role that Lincoln played as leader of this particular revolution and much of what made Lincoln so popular."
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Role of Women in Latin American History, 2005.
Examines various sources which discuss the role of women's movements in Latin American history.
2,537 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
Nearly a decade ago, academic attention was being given to understanding the central role that women have played in the economic and political changes occurring in Latin America. The books currently under review demonstrate the broadening scope of literature on women in the region. Scholars continue to analyze the roles women play in political change, but an increasing number of academics are studying how women are affected by those changes in political and economic regimes and by state institutions. The paper shows that, in a sense, the causal arrow now moves in two directions rather than one. A predominant research question in the late 1980s and early 1990s was, how do women's movements influence democratization processes? The works reviewed in this paper demonstrate that scholars have now adapted their query to reflect the changing political systems of Latin America: how does a transition toward democracy affect women and women's organizations? Or, how can these democracies be altered or fine-tuned to be more hospitable to women?
From the Paper
"This subordination inhibited women from becoming political and being viewed as such by others. Diane Mitsch Bush and Jean Franco Mumme's contribution to the Nazzari volume, "Gender and the Mexican Revolution," echoes this idea. Their case study confirms the hypothesis that gender issues become subordinated to broader objectives within revolutionary movements. Movimiento de mujeres en Centroamerica offers further insights into the tensions between a woman as an individual political actor and the collective women's movement in Central America. This book is a must for anyone planning to do research on women in Central America."
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Popular vs. Scholarly Scientific Writing, 2007.
This paper compares popular and scholarly scientific writing by using articles on the possibility of atavisms or evolutionary throwbacks.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the examination of a popular press article and another article from a scholarly journal reveals some fundamental differences in the ways in which the authors and the publications pursue the specific question of atavisms and the general matter of science. The author points out that, whereas the scholarly articles are cautious, highly specific and backed by applied research, the popular press discussion of atavisms is written with more attention to capturing and retaining the interest of the reader. The paper states that popular articles tend to do a better job of contextualizing the scientific data being presented and the implications of the research being conducted. The author concludes that both of these types of science writing have their place although each would benefit from incorporating techniques from the other.
From the Paper
"To counter this historical attitude, Le Page (2007) presents a series of recent studies and findings on the subject that indicate that evolutionary atavisms can take place, if only rarely and under certain circumstances. The examples used are always specific and detailed, and the author attempts to provide a human context for research with direct quotes from researchers and reactions from the public and scientific community. Once Le Page sets up this division, the conflict of the article between accepted biological wisdom and new, contrary evidence, he can start to present possible solutions."
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Feminist Scholars, Theology and Christian Sexuality, 2000.
This paper focuses on the topic of sexuality, specifically Christian sexuality and how religious and non-religious feminist scholars deal with this controversial area of debate.
2,896 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 20 sources, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the crucial topic of sexuality, specifically Christian sexuality and how religious and non-religious feminist scholars deal with this controversial area of debate. The latter part is a feminist commentary on how to challenge the sexual oppression and violence characteristic of the prevailing patriarchal structures that continually put women at a disadvantage. The final portion is a conclusion rendering these feminist revisionings as part and parcel of the changes found in the reformist Liberation Theology movement in the Christian Church.
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Research Writing and Writing for a Non-Scholarly Audience, 2008.
A comparison between research writing and writing aimed at non-scholarly audiences, through a close examination of articles by Carol S. Dweck and John O'Sullivan.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the differences between research writing and writing for a non-scholarly audience. The paper points out that the most obvious difference is that the former can be very difficult to read, but the latter is almost always relatively easy to read. However, there are many subtler stylistic differences as well. This essay examines the differences between the two styles of writing, by comparing Carol S. Dweck's research article entitled "The Role of Expectations and Attributions in the Alleviation of Learned Helplessness" with her popular article "Caution - Praise Can Be Dangerous", and with John O'Sullivan's popular article "Put Gay Marriage to 'Covenant' Test". To conclude, the paper examines the reliability of academic versus popular articles. The paper maintains that the former are peer-reviewed, making them likely to be more trustworthy, while popular articles are not necessarily trustworthy.
From the Paper
"One sometimes comes across articles written by the same authors, but written in different styles in order to suit the kind of article being written. Thus, a researcher may write a research article for a scholarly publication, and also write articles for popular audiences. In this way, the researcher is enabled to communicate with a much broader audience. Thus, a researcher who believes her information is very important may make use of the popular media to communicate what she knows. Dweck is an example of such a researcher/author - she is able to write very competently for both audiences. This shows that she clearly has a finely nuanced comprehension of the different stylistic devices employed in the two different kinds of publications. It also affords the opportunity of comparing her writing style in the two different styles of writing."
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Russian Formalism and Translation Studies Scholars, 2004.
Examines and compares two translation methodologies, Russian Formalism and the Translation Studies Scholars.
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a contrast study of these two translation theories and focuses on their fundamental theoretical assumptions in regard to translations. The contrast also includes a critical analysis of the translation theories. This paper shows that both the Russian Formalist Movement and the Translation Studies Scholars concurred that an ideal translation was supposed to be accurate and consistent as to the receptor language.
From the Paper
"These formalists attempted to isolate and define what they called literariness. They focused upon the things they saw as literary facts. They simply separated literary artifacts from other disciplines like psychology, sociology and cultural history. They literally treated books as being human and in a sense having a life of its own and from that aimed to distinguish what was different. In a new text for example, they worked to see the things that made the text new, creative or innovative."
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"The American Scholar", 2002.
This paper critically assesses the essay, "The American Scholar" by Ralph Waldo Emerson.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses "The American Scholar" in respect to the demographics for this essay, including gender, readership, and education level.
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Serving Scholarly Study, 2001.
A review of James Boswell?s biography "The Life of Samuel Johnson".
1,669 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines James Boswell's interpretation of the life and works of Dr. Samuel Johnson, one of the most important figures in 18th-century British literature. It attempts to show how Boswell not only provides an accurate portrayal of the literary giant?s life, but also serves scholarly study on Johnson as a legitimate record of his scholarly thought and philosophy. This is done through different genres of first-hand knowledge, from correspondence, to conversation, to secondary information gathered from Johnson?s colleagues, family and friends.
From the Paper
"As to the first proposed question?Does the biography accurately portray its subject in a fair and impartial light? Boswell?s account seems to suggest the answer is an unquestionable ?Yes.? While the biography seemingly fails in being impartial, as Boswell was a member of Johnson?s Literary Club and regarded his subject in the highest esteem, his record of Johnson?s life most definitely appears fair. Impartiality can perhaps be disregarded in this case as Boswell was privileged with first-hand knowledge of his topic: ?I had the honour and happiness of enjoying his friendship for upwards of twenty years; as I had the scheme of writing his life constantly in view; as he was well apprised of this circumstance, and from time to time obligingly satisfied my inquiries, by communicating to me the incidents of his early years? (Boswell 13)."
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