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American Policy Toward Cuba, 2002.
Examines policies of U.S. Presidential administrations.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 14 sources, $ 119.95
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Abstract
Examines policies of U.S. Presidential administrations. Events that have impacted upon the economic, cultural, and political dimensions of American policy toward Castro and Cuba. Pressures placed on the American government by its allies to reshape its Cuban policy. The role of the U.S. Cuban community in U.S. politics. The Elian Gonzales incident.
From the Paper
"Dimensions of American Policy Toward Cuba
Introduction
Since Fidel Castro took control of Cuba in the 1950s during the administration of U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower, American policy toward Cuba has been based on the dream of a communism-free Cuba with a democratic government and a capitalist free market economy (Radhu, 1998). American policy toward Cuba has tended to position Fidel Castro as the primary obstacle to the achievement of this dream. The presence of a politicized, activist, and influential Cuban exile community in the United States has been one of several factors that underpins the persistence of this policy. Michael Radhu (1998) notes that from Eisenhower to Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, Bush, and Clinton, few meaningful changes have occurred in official ..."
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U.S. Policy Toward Cuba, 1999.
Examines the evolution in the 1990s. Discusses Cuba's loss of Soviet support, the impact of Cuban exiles, Castro's socialist leadership, human rights, politics, laws and the economic emargo.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Fidel Castro's government did not collapse following the U.S.S.R.'s 1990 withdrawal of $6 billion in annual subsidies from Cuba. With the subsequent end of the Soviet Union itself there seemed to be no hope for Castro's revolutionary state. Yet, after almost ten years, the end is still not in sight and Cuba is making a gradual transition into the world economy via internal liberalization and the rapid growth of foreign investment from nearly every industrialized nation--except the U. S.
From the Paper
"Fidel Castro's government did not collapse following the U.S.S.R.'s 1990 withdrawal of $6 billion in annual subsidies from Cuba. With the subsequent end of the Soviet Union itself there seemed to be no hope for Castro's revolutionary state. Yet, after almost ten years, the end is still not in sight and Cuba is making a gradual transition into the world economy via internal liberalization and the rapid growth of foreign investment from nearly every industrialized nation--except the U. S. American policy toward Cuba, rather than relaxing, has remained strongly weighted toward isolation and economic sanctions, and has even gone so far as to insist that U. S. allies and trading partners adopt the same stance. The passage of the Helms-Burton, or Libertad, Act of 1996 strengthened American opposition to normalization of relations with Cuba and laid down ..."
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U.S. Policy Toward Cuba, 1999.
Examines effects of political, economic, ideological and legislative forces in the 20th Century, emphasizing the Castro era.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Cuba: Below the Economic Radar?
American official influence in other countries is formally directed from Washington. In reality, though all the usual instruments of international diplomacy, suasion, and threat are exercised through external agencies such as NATO, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO). In addition, it is generally accepted that the United States has two other powerful instruments of influence abroad, economic influence and cultural influence, or what may be expressed in shorthand form as Wall Street and Hollywood.
Where Washington leaves off and Wall Street or Hollywood begin, in the projection of American influence, can be ambiguous. U.S. business interests speak with a loud voice in Washington, with considerable power to shape official policy toward their own ..."
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The U.S.'s Policy Towards Cuba, 1999.
Focusing on the Clinton Presidency, Cold War ideology, politics, economics, legislation, goals, tactics and the embargo.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the trends which have driven the foreign policy of the United States towards Cuba. The main emphasis of discussion will be the changes in policy which have taken place during the administration of President Bill Clinton. However, the first part of the paper will briefly discuss the origins of the policy during the Cold War.
The foreign policy of the United States towards Cuba has changed little since 1961. U.S. leaders have felt that Cuba was a "special case" in terms of foreign policy ever since U.S. military force ended Spain's control over the island in 1898. Until 1934, U.S. law permitted intervention in Cuban affairs; after 1934, U.S. capital controlled most of the Cuban economy. The revolution led by Fidel Castro in 1959 tapped into strong anti-American ..."
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United Nations Policy Formulation and Policy Implementation, 2004.
Provides an overview of United Nations policy formulation and policy implementation in the context of international public administration organizations.
1,478 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, through a literature review, instances of policies that were developed and not effectively carried out, as well as recent requirements for the formulation of policies put into place at the UN. It looks at how a sustained public information campaign is extremely important for the success of the UN?s attempt to reinvent its system of policy formulation and policy implementation due to all the ?bad news?, including terrorism and war and AIDS, etc., dominating the TV and print news agencies.
From the Paper
"There are myriad examples of the UN?s good work ? in many and diverse areas where there are desperate human needs throughout the world ? and also, on the other hand, there is no shortage of evidence that some policies, although they were drawn up with the best of intentions, failed in their mission, or were thwarted either through no direct fault of the UN, or because the UN?s policy implementation could not match the promises in the policy formulation. One example of the apparent failure of a policy which was to be implemented was recently reported by the British Medical Journal (Tayal, 2003). The journal claimed that a UN policy designed to tackle the health and human rights needs of ?indigenous people? ? a policy which was formulated in 1995 ? has not been very effective in its implementation."
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Chinese Monetary Policy as Foreign Policy, 2008.
An analysis of how China's monetary policy has been used as part of its foreign policy to influence international relations.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policies. It focuses on its monetary policies and the use of its artificial control over its exchange rate as an unofficial brief of its foreign policy. It shows how China uses its monetary policy internationally to improve its positions on trade, foreign relations, and bilateral agreements with various countries.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Chinese Monetary Policy
Foreign Investment as Policy
Foreign Trade
Conclusions
From the Paper
"For many years the Chinese Yuan was pegged to the U.S. dollar and, until recently, this was not a foreign policy issue. However, as the U.S. as well as other markets, have seen their import markets grow far beyond their export markets and consequently maintain extreme trade deficits, the artificial manipulation of the Yuan has now become a matter of foreign policy. Many foreign markets view China's exchange regime, managed float or not, to be an economic weapon and one in which it has not been reticent to utilize."
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Cuba and North Korea and U.S. Policy, 2006.
A look at the similarities in U.S. policy towards North Korea and U.S. policy towards Cuba.
853 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
Through a historical examination of both North Korea and Cuba, this paper compares U.S. policy towards both countries, explaining the similarity in the policies and the reasons for that similarity. The paper compares significant political events in both countries and explains that U.S. policy towards these countries has been based on the goal of containing communism and the spread of nuclear weapons.
From the Paper
"As the political climate in Cuba changed, so did the United States' policy towards the country. In the period immediately following Cuba's independence, the United States dominated Cuba both economically and politically; this domination continued until the Castro-led Cuban revolution. The Castro government's first move was to buy back land from private companies to give to agrarians. The United States became upset because it felt that its land holdings were worth more than the Cuban government was willing to pay. The United States responded by placing a trade embargo on Cuba in 1960 and soon after broke off diplomatic relations entirely. Next, the United States sponsored the Bay of Pigs invasion, an unsuccessful attempt to incite rebellion against Castro. The next major event in United States-Cuba history was the Cuban missile crisis in 1962, in which the United States "blockaded Cuba to force the USSR to withdraw their newly-installed MRBMs from the country." Cuba's close ally was the USSR, and after its fall in 1991, conditions in Cuba worsened. Today, the trade sanction still stands between the United States and Cuba, with an exception made for humanitarian aid in the form of food and medicine."
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Public School Policy Making, 2007.
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate an understanding of the public school policy process, key policy terminology and policy concepts by examining the public school (K-12) policy for the state of New York.
3,635 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper explores various policy papers, which define public school policy ranging from illumination of the classroom to environmentally sensitive cleaning and maintenance to funding recommendations. The author points out that a systematic difference was found between the federal and the non-federal systems in policy performance including little indication that federal systems either equalize or redistribute the aggregate resources of society. The paper relates that the goals of the governor's 'Campaign for Fiscal Equity' are (1) a multi-year, massive infusion of school funding, (2) the creation of a clear cut system of accountability to drive funds to key educational strategies and (3) a fair and simple foundation formula to distribute school aid based on student need not politics.
Table of Contents
Objective
Introduction
BEST (Building Educational Success Together)
State of Affairs in New York State Schools
Inequality in Quality of Classroom Provision
Policy Adoption Recommendations of the Three Agencies
Fiscal Policy Recommendations
Policy Recommendations Comparison
New York State Board of Regents
The Atlantic Philanthropies, The Ford Foundation, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The American Institute for Research (A.I.R) and Management Analysis and Planning (MAP)
New York State Commission on Education Reform
Impact of Federalism on Policy-Making Process
Recent Policy Enactment
From the Paper
"Policy issues in New York State Schools are inclusive of use of chemical and pesticides in school and recently Education Law 409-I has been enacted which establishes the department as being responsible to report "on the status of utilizing environmentally sensitive cleaning and maintenance (green ) products in all public and nonpublic schools by June 1, 2007." Policy such as this is shaped by the stated needs of certain socio-political view and in one such case the need for facility alignment for quality education is upheld by educators."
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The US Role In Cuba, 2002.
Examines U.S. policy toward Cuba.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Examines historical U.S. policy toward Cuba. The subversion by the U.S. of Cuba's attempts at sovereignity & economic independence. History of U.S. involvement . Establishment of U.S. military presence . Platt Amendment. U.S. business interests in Cuba. Cuba sugar & U.S. corporations. Dependency of Cuba's economy on price of sugar. Fidel Castro & U.S. policy. U.S. trade embargo.
From the Paper
"The many complaints that the United States has against Fidel Castro?s regime in Cuba can nearly all be traced back to root causes either created or influenced by United States policy. Over the course of Cuba?s history the U.S. has systematically subverted both Cuba?s attempts at sovereignty and its advancements towards economic independence. By acting against the formation of an independent Cuba and supporting despotic regimes, the U.S. fostered a strong anti-American sentiment in the minds of the Cuban people. All of these factors worked together to contribute to the current and longstanding problems between the U.S. and Cuba.
The U.S. began their direct involvement in Cuba at the end of Cuba?s war for independence. Though there was little effort necessary to push the Spanish out of Cuba and its other..."
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Realignment of United States versus Cuban Policy., 2008.
An examination of the foreign policy of the United States towards Cuba.
2,899 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
The paper relates the background to Fidel Castro's rise to power and describes the present situation with respect to government policy and the resultant stagnant relationship with the United States. The paper criticizes the United States with lack of leadership in not changing its policy towards Cuba and quotes various proposals that have been suggested. The paper concludes that the time for change is now, as the present leader is aging and we have no idea what will be the policy of his successor.
Outline:
Current status and historical context
Short term policy changes
Long term policy changes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Fidel Castro rose to power on the Island of Cuba in the early 1960's by means of a military coup, and following his trade agreements with the Soviet Union and nationalization of private industries he publicly embraced Marxist-Leninist affiliation in 1960, thrusting the island nation into the center of the Cold War . A forty year plus progression of increasing sanctions and restrictions via both Congressional and Executive actions ensued. In addition, Cuban expatriates have become a powerful voting block in the crucial Presidential state of Florida enticing additional hard-line policies towards the Cuban Communist regime. This complex commingling of foreign policy and domestic politics has created a muddled policy that is unique and inconsistent with United States policies concerning similar hostile governments."
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South African Foreign Policy and Implications for America, 2006.
A review of the impact of South Africa's foreign policy on the USA.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how South Africa is an influential country on the African continent. As a result, its relations with near-by neighbors and its friendliness with Washington will greatly impact American standing and policy goals across the wide expanse of Africa. With this in mind, the following paper explores how South African foreign policy impacts America vis-a-vis the war on terror. Specifically, the paper looks at the complications which have arisen from South Africa's recent embracing of rogue states like Libya and Cuba and the paper also examines how South Africa's interventionist behavior under the aegis of the African Union can be used to protect American interests abroad and American lives at home by combating terrorism "over there" before it comes "here".
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U.S. Cold War Foreign Policy Failures, 2002.
This paper discusses that the foreign policy failures of the U.S. in Cuba and Vietnam were the results of a foreign policy based on Cold War ideology.
2,040 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the American failures in Cuba and Vietnam in the 1960s were due in large part to the fear, arrogance and ignorance of Cold War containment policies that developed in the aftermath of World War II. The author believes that the problem was the assumption that all political and economic reform movements in Third World nations were not indigenous but were inspired instead by the evil Communist leaders of the Soviet Union. The author states that once this Cold War policy was in effect, no leader of the U.S. had the courage, wisdom or political independence to try to alter fully that policy.
From the Paper
"Kennedy certainly entered office under the pall of the same Cold War ideology and its containment policy, as evidenced by his "missile gap" rhetoric, his increase of advisors in Vietnam, and the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba. It will never be known whether he would have averted a war in Vietnam, but his test-ban treaty with the Soviets, his denunciation of the CIA after the Bay of Pigs disaster, and his plan to withdraw some troops from Vietnam indicate at least a willingness to consider more flexibility in that policy."
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Monetary, Fiscal and Exchange Rate Policy, 2002.
A study of the connection between monetary policy, fiscal policy, and the exchange rate policy.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains monetary, fiscal and exchange rate policies separately, with definitions by different economists to balance the arguments. It is then followed by a discussion of their connection to each other, involving issues such as GDP, government expenditure, and interest rates.
From the Paper
"McDonald states monetary policy is the government?s policy on setting the level of the money supply (1996: 149). It is the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)?s attempt to change the quantity of money and interest rates so as to affect aggregate demand and, ultimately, equilibrium real GDP and the price level. Monetary policy, fiscal policy and the exchange rate policy are used by the RBA and by the Treasury to moderate fluctuations in a country?s economic growth rate and to maintain an appropriate trend growth rate. In today?s world of floating exchange rates, it can be demonstrated that monetary policy is more effective at controlling macroeconomic conditions than fiscal policy is."
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Public Policy-Making Process, 2006.
A review of public policy making and the public policy-making process.
2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the process of public policy making. According to the paper, the policy making process that occurs in governmental organizations is a complex process that involves many organizations and entities, and is inclusive of several stages in the policy-making process. The paper further discusses the thesis of Charles E. Lindblom and Edward Woodhouse.
Outline:
Introduction
The Nature of Policy
Different Kinds of Policy Analysis
How Perceived Problems gets on the Public Agenda
The Major Players in the Process
The Decision-Making Processes Used to Adopt Policies
The Environment Within Which Policy Must Take Place
How Federalism Impacts the Policy-Making Process
Assessment of the Process Using the Thesis of Lindblom and Woodhouse
From the Paper
"Policy analysis is stated to have its limitations in the work of Lindblom and Woodhouse and the policy-makers are generally given too much advice or information which is incidentally extensive but does not offer a contrary or different point of view. Another limitation exists in the fact that while one group would hold that the correct action was taken yet another group would believe that the action was incorrect and this is based on individual reasoning. Stated is: "There runs a deep and wide river of information and opinion fed by many springs, from formal research projects to letters to the editor, some of which makes it way into the thinking of those with direct influence over policy." [p.15]"
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Media Policy in South Africa, 2007.
An analysis of media policy in South Africa and a comparison of media performance standards in Britain, Italy and Germany.
3,606 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the main roles of the press in any democracy is that of a public watchdog that is vigilant over government activities on behalf of the people that government serves. The paper focuses on South Africa as a point of reference and refers to the history of South African policy as well as certain European media policy counterparts, in order to gauge standards of media performance.
Outline:
Introduction
Media and Democracy
Media Policy in South Africa
External Media Policy
Policy Formulation Aspects
Internal Media Policy
Policy Formulation Aspects
The Gate keeping Function
European Media Policy
United Kingdom Media Policy
Italian Media Policy
German Media Policy
South African Media Policy History
Apartheid Era
After Apartheid
Comparison
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the main roles that the press plays in any democracy is that of a public watchdog that is vigilant over government activities on behalf of the people that government serves (Krimsky, 2000). The media is a fundamental tool in the decision-making of the democratic government in any country. A democracy requires the people of the state to make choices and decisions on a daily basis. This therefore needs to be aided by a media and media environment that allows for objectivity through its content and the journalists and staff of the forms of media themselves. The media needs to inform, without judging (Krimsky, 2000)."
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