| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "AMERICAN INCOME INEQUALITY": |
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American Income Inequality, 2007.
This paper discuses geography as a factor in analyzing American income inequality.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the North-South problem roughly outlines a trend in developed nations, including Germany, France and the United States, for the North to be more developed than the South, thus creating a geographical basis from which income inequality can be sourced. The author points out that another influence on geographical income inequality lies in the dissimilarity in the dynamic North-South urban centers, such as the Southern cities having a greater concentration of lower income nonwhites than Northern cities as well as their differing industrial bases. The paper relates that income inequality in the United States contributes to a growing concern about the availability of both health and education services for those individuals existing at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder.
From the Paper
"The economy of the South became increasingly agriculture based during its development, while the North was moving towards industrialization and manufacturing sectors. Wendy Shaw's study of the distribution of affluence and affluent communities in the United States clearly illustrates the economic inequality resulting from geography. A map displaying the 155 most affluent counties in the United States shows a tendency for such counties to be geographically centered overwhelmingly in the Washington, D.C. to Boston megalopolis."
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Rich & Poor: Income Inequality in the United States, 1997.
Examines the sources of income & wealth inequities both historically & in the contemporary US economy.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"RICH AND POOR
Income Inequality in the United States
Introduction
The rich get richer, goes the traditional saying, and the poor get poorer. This saying embodies two implicit economic assumptions. One is that the social community as a whole -- the macroeconomic world -- is characterized by income inequality, an inequality so sharp that society is divided into two groups, the rich and the poor. The other is that in the usual course of events, this income inequality tends to widen, with the gulf between rich and poor becoming ever more sharply stratified.
The saying that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer is of uncertain age and origin. It certainly goes far back in.."
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Income Inequality in the United States, 2007.
A critical analysis of the research methods used in the article "The Poor Get Richer" by Geoffrey Colvin.
708 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a synopsis of the article "The Poor Get Richer" by Geoffrey Colvin. The paper describes the definition of the business research and its purpose, the business problems under investigation and identifies the parties involved in conducting the research. The paper also details the methods used to conduct the research project.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Research and Evaluation of Income Inequality in the United States
Business Research and Purpose
Business Problems Under Investigation
Parties Involved in the Research
Methods Used to Conduct Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Bernstein and Mishel researched data from the federal government's study on family finances. Additional supporting evidence was obtained from the new Economic Report of the President and cited information from the Census Bureau showing earnings from college graduates declined 5.2% while those of high school graduates rose 1.6% from 2001 to 2004. Using this data along with studies from the Kauffman Foundation and Duke University, Bernstein and Mishel concluded the reason for the trend reversal. Bernstein and Mishel attribute the shift in the economic trend to the outsourcing of higher-skilled jobs such as research, corporate finance and engineering to low-cost countries such as China and India."
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Growth vs. Income Inequality, 2004.
An empirical study of the relationship between economic openness and national income.
3,403 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the extent to which openness, viewed as trade?s share of GDP, impacts the trade-off between inequality and economic performance. The paper finds a positive and statistically significant relationship between openness and growth, yet a positive and statistically insignificant relationship between openness and inequality. The first part of the paper summarizes and evaluates the theoretical background and previous empirical research. Next, the paper presents the conceptual models tested in the paper. This is followed by a discussion of the ideal data set and an overview of the actual data. Following this discussion, the paper expounds the actual regression for the models used and presents the regression results. Finally, the paper ends with a summary and concluding remarks.
From the Paper
"Economic theory going back to Adam Smith suggests that the greater the trade, in accordance with traditional trade theory, results in greater national income from specialization, according to Frankel and Romer (1999). Yet, several studies have found ambiguous relationships between these two measures. There are possible explanations of this, as if a country specializes in an industry that has low productivity gains, perhaps greater trade will not necessarily increase national income, but even decrease income relative to other trading countries that specialized in high productivity gaining industries. An example of high and low productivity gains industries are computers and agriculture. Yet, in general we would see that this is a special case and a positive relationship between openness and income is still predicted, and this is what is mostly seen in the empirical literature."
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Regional Income Inequities in U.S., 1999.
Examines income statistics, causes for variations, conflict theory, public policy, equal opportunity and ethnic issues. Includes tables.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 11 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"REGIONAL INCOME INEQUITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
Introduction
This research examines the issue of regional inequities in income distribution in the United States. The primary objective of this research is the development of plausible explanations for the income distribution inequities identified.
Regional Income Distribution
Regional income distribution may be analyzed within the context of either household income or personal income per capita. In either instance, some distortion is inherent in the data. When household income is used as the basis of measure, information relative to the number of income earners in a household is necessary to place the data in perspective. When personal per capita income is used as the basis of measure, the true in.."
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Growing American Inequality, 2004.
Study of whether inequality in America is increasing or decreasing.
2,135 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the growing wage disparity in America. It cites earnings figures of Americans in the last two decades and notes a decline in the earnings of poor Americans, but a rise in the earnings of wealthy Americans. The paper also discusses the general attitude Americans maintain toward this inequality, its causes, and government policies that were designed to respond to the problem.
From the Paper
"In the preceding two decades the United States has faced an amazing augment in inequality. The earnings of poor Americans minimized and those of the middle class festered while the revenue of the wealthiest families sustained to rise. The welfare of families up and about and along the income scale has augmented over the past five years, but the common earnings of the deprived Americans lingers well under where it was at the conclusion of the 1970s (Patrice, 1999)."
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"American Slavery, American Freedom", 2008.
A review of "American Slavery, American Freedom" by Edmund S. Morgan.
1,444 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how Edmund S. Morgan's "American Slavery, American Freedom" examines the political and social impact of slavery in colonial America. The paper explains how Morgan emphasizes the tragic contradiction between freedom and slavery, particularly in the colony of Virginia that produced patriot leaders such as Washington and Jefferson, but also had the most slave owners. The paper further explains Morgan's thesis that this contradiction was caused by prevailing beliefs that racial and gender inequality was a natural condition.
From the Paper
"American Slavery, American Freedom was written by historian Edmund S. Morgan and published in 2003 by W. W. Norton. The author's examination of slavery in America emphasizes the tragic contradiction between freedom and slavery, and focuses on Virginia, which produced leaders of the American Revolution who were dedicated to freedom and equality, but which also had the most slave owners. In his book, Morgan analyzes this paradox as he strives to understand and explain why such a contradiction existed."
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Earned Income Tax Credit, 1996.
Advantages & disadvantages of EITC as way to reduce income inequality, impact on beneficiaries & incentive to work.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). The overall objective of this examination is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the EITC as a way of reducing income inequality within the United States. In this research, this overall objective is addressed through focusing on the effects of the EITC on (1) the levels of disposable money income of beneficiary families and (2) the incentives of beneficiary families to work.
EITC: Description and Objectives
The EITC was enacted in 1975 to ?offset the impact of Social Security and Medicare taxes on low-income individuals and to encourage them to work instead of relying on welfare benefits?
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Racial Disparities in Wealth and Income Studies, 2003.
Discusses why it is important to study wealth along with income in examining inequalities in America.
1,306 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines racial differences in income and wealth, with particular focus on both the wealth and income gap and the difference between each. The paper examines the difference between wealth and income, specifically, pertaining to African-Americans and Caucasians in the United States.
From the Paper
"Many people have sources of money other than their income. Such other resources of money can be referred to as a person?s wealth or net-worth. Income is all earnings, money, wages or payments one is periodically receiving. It?s the flow of money regularly from one source to another. Wealth is equivalent to total assets minus liabilities. This means that wealth consists of stocks, real estate, trusts, bonds, mutual funds, etc. In this country, wealth is more important than income because it brings power and prestige with it. In other words, wealth makes one credible. It carries a certain aura to have wealth; it means everything one owns is paid off, they do are not in debt to any person or institution. Many people have no wealth, solely income."
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Income Disparities in Latin America, 2002.
This paper discusses income disparities in Latin America: The history, main causes, the different countries, high-income disparities, ethnicity and gender, and possible solutions.
5,725 words (approx. 22.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 138.95
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Abstract
This paper states that, although inequality and high levels of income disparity represent major challenges confronting economists and leaders in many parts of the world, the problem is particularly severe in the Latin American countries. The author believes that the root of this phenomenon lies in the region's colonial history and the exploitation of the indigenous population as slave labor for agriculture and tapping the mines. The paper concludes that these stubborn patterns of inequality can be overcome if determined efforts are made to open political and social policies to all and to provide access by the poorer sections to social services. Footnotes.
Table of Contents
Income Disparities in Latin America
Measuring Inequality: Some Recent Studies
Latin America: How Unequal?
Income Disparity in Latin America: Getting Worse?
Is Poverty and Income Disparity Related?
Historical Roots of Inequality in Latin America
Comparison with Colonization of North America
Persisting Patterns of Inequality
Social, Economic and Political Changes in the 20th Century
Roles of Race, Ethnicity and Gender in Income Disparities
Racial Identification
Ethnic Identification
Identity Formation and Discrimination
Assets of Households
Access to Services
Average Incomes
What do the Race and Gender-Related Income Statistics Mean?
The Consequences of Inequality
Considered Unfair
Results in Greater Poverty
Affects Economic Growth
Current Backlash
Solutions for Reducing the Inequality in Latin America
More Open Political and Social Institutions
More Equitable Economic Institutions and Policies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Poverty and income disparity are not the same concepts. Poverty may decline in a country or region where income disparity is increasing. However, experience has shown that such a situation occurs rarely and inequality and poverty are closely related. This is because in a growing economy with stable levels of inequality, poverty invariably falls. As a result the Latin American region showed significant reduction in poverty levels in the 1970s, when its economies were growing with a corresponding drop in inequality. On the other hand, the 1980s saw a fall in incomes and more unequal income distribution?resulting in accelerated increase in poverty."
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Inequality and Economic Growth, 2008.
An analysis of the relationship between inequality and national economic growth.
2,761 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether inequality is necessary for economic growth to occur. It questions whether, in low development countries, economic growth is the result of equal distribution of income and if per capital income must reach a minimum level before income inequality decreases. The paper also looks at whether countries of unequal income distributions experience slower growth than more "equal" countries. Additionally, the paper discusses whether governments should be implementing policies of redistribution in order to aid the poor.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Common Questions & Models
Global Data - Inequality Distribution Issues
Deinger and Squire: The Third and Arguably Most Important Question
Other Macroeconomic Research
A Microeconomic Model
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One would aim for the more optimistic view that equality and economic growth are compatible, because the current global state of regional poverty is a major problem, with no clear end in sight. This impresses an importance on determining a state whereby economic growth is possible alongside a simultaneous increase in the fortunes of the world's poor. However, researchers who have viewed the issue from afar tend to conclude that "the empirical evidence of the positive impact of greater equality on efficiency is still inconclusive" (Sharpe, 2003, p. 13). In other words, it may be naive to assume equality and economic growth is possible, particularly considering that much economic growth occurs in today's world based on the global phenomenon of inequality. However, researchers also conclude that "equally, there is little conclusive evidence of major negative effects on efficiency from equality" (ibid, p. 13), meaning that a relationship between economic growth and equality may be possible. It is up to further research to determine how this can be implemented in policy."
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Income Distribution in the United States, 2007.
This paper examines the distribution of income in the US from 1950 to the present.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the increasing inequality in the distribution of income in the United States. According to the writer, this subject has been a subject of considerable public concern, political attention, and academic research. Income inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. The paper details ways to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor in the U.S.A through radical changes with minimum wages, taxation methods and welfare programs.
Outline:
Summary Introduction
Unequal Income Distribution in USA
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In recent years, increasing inequality in the distribution of income has been a subject of considerable public concern, political attention, and academic research. Income inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. The relative income, or gauge, can be defined how well the poor are doing economically compared to the rich. In other words inequality is a measure of how equally the income pie is divided among all members of society. "
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Gender Inequality, 2002.
This paper discusses the broad trends in gender inequalities in income and political participation.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes gender mainstreaming policy with reference to the European Union. The author stressesr reducing the wage gap and promoting the political participation of women.
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Impediments to Health Care Access for Low Income Visible Minorities, 2002.
Identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access for lower-income Americans and visible minorities and the more affluent members of America's majority.
29,350 words (approx. 117.4 pages), 135 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
As the American population continues to become more diverse racially, members of visible minority groups within the population become more prominent. Simultaneously, with the increase in diversity, income distribution in the American economy has become more distorted. While economic growth in the United States has surged over the past decade, the income gap has widened; not only between the richest and poorest Americans, but also between moderate-income and low-income Americans. Members of visible minorities in the population tend to be represented disproportionately in the low-income and poverty classifications in the United States. While there is an abundance of implications of this state of affairs, one of the more crucial ones is access to health care. Individual and household financial capacity, the scarcity of employer-paid health insurance among small businesses, cultural differences based in social psychology and other factors frequently act as impediments to health care access for low-income individuals and households among visible minority population groups in the contemporary United States. This problem and these issues are investigated in this study. The study identifies causal factors for the gap in health care access between lower-income Americans and members of visible minorities in the United States, on the one hand, and more affluent Americans and members of the majority segment of the population, on the other hand. The initial chapter of this study delineates the problem investigated. Specific research questions are formulated and stated to provide greater focus for the investigation.
Social psychological theory and applied social psychology literature are reviewed in the second chapter. Literature relevant to the functioning of low-income and visible minority population groups in the United States within a social psychological context are reviewed in the third chapter. The fourth chapter is devoted to a review of literature relevant to both the health care system in the United States and the experiences of low-income and visible minority population groups in relation to health care access and health care delivery in the United States. An assessment of the problem investigated, performed within the structure of the research questions, is presented in the final (fifth) chapter. Conclusions drawn from the study findings are stated and recommendations for further research are made. The summary conclusions reached through the conduct of this study relate both to health care access and health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities. With respect to health care access, the summary conclusion reached is that a universal system of health care entitlement is required in the United States. In relation to health care utilization by low-income persons and members of visible minorities, the summary conclusion reached is that extensive education is required for both low-income persons and members of visible minorities, on the one hand, and health care providers, on the other hand. Low-income persons and members of visible minorities require education on the benefits and function of health care services, while health care providers require education in the social mores of the diverse populations they must serve.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem Delineation
Background on the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Review of Relevant Social Psychology Theory and Literature
Introduction
Sociological Theory and Health Care
The Welfare State
Accessing Contemporary Health Care
Role of Ethics in Accessing Health Care
Alternative Health Care Delivery Systems
Chapter Conclusions
Social Functioning of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
HIV/AIDS Related Behavior
Initiatives to Improve Health Care
Access and Behaviors
The American Health Care System and the Experiences of Low-Income and Visible Minority Groups
Introduction
The American Health Care System
Analysis of Health Care Delivery Systems
Care Quality
Alternative Approaches to Health Care
Bioethical Issues
Problems of Accessibility
Initiatives to Improve Minority Access
Chapter Conclusions
Assessment of the Problem Discussion, Recommendations for Further Research
Appendices
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"Social Cognitive Theory [self-efficacy] emphasizes the role of expectancies, self-efficacy, peer normative influences, and social competency skills as key components affecting adolescents? behaviors (DiClemente, Lodico, Grinstead, Harper, Rickman, Evans, & Coates, 1996). The applicability of models based on social psychological principles for understanding African-Americans? decision-making and sexual behavior has been questioned because most such models tend to be individually-focused and do not take into account the social context in which the behavior is embedded (Cochran & Mays, 1993). Social cognitive theory, however, explicitly integrates behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors as reciprocally interactive. Thus, given the hypothesized multi-factorial nature of sexual decision making and the potential impact of the high-risk social environment of the study population, approaches based on social cognitive theory are thought to be particularly relevant for understanding the myriad factors that may affect African-Americans? sexual behavior."
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Wage Inequality, 2008.
This paper looks at the connection between later marriages and wage inequality.
986 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that with the rise of overall wages in America, there still remains a great amount of discrepancy in the wage equality between men and women. The writer notes that data shows that in the 1970s to the 1990s, the marriage age increased, as did the income inequality between men and women. The writer maintains that it is likely that these two issues are linked, for without one, there is little chance that there will be another. The writer concludes that the rising wage inequality has resulted in an unwillingness for women to marry, and will result in a propensity for the marriage age to continue to increase.
From the Paper
"For many years, males were seen as the primary breadwinners for the household. They were the ones who would leave the home each morning, head off to work, and spend their day trying to make ends meet for their family. Their entire life was structured around their work schedule, and their family was merely an accommodation to that schedule. As the primary wage earner, men were also in a position of greater equality with other men. They were able to work on a relatively level playing field that focused on skills, ability, and education as the keys to success.
"Women were not so lucky in this timeline. As their husbands went off to work, they were left at home to maintain the family. It is not a bad thing that this is the case, for many women have found a tremendous amount of fulfillment from raising a family. However, these women did not have any other options."
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