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Alternative Interrogation Methods, 2007.
This paper discusses matters relating to alternative interrogation methods and techniques.
923 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that with the strikes on America on September 11th, America changed. The writer points out that no longer were the borders of one of the strongest countries in the world effective barriers against terrorism. The writer discusses that, as in any war, interrogation becomes a primary means of information gathering. For this reason the writer maintains that the issue of the use of alternative interrogation techniques has risen to the forefront of the American debate. The writer then looks at whether coercive techniques can be considered as torture. The writer concludes that if one person standing on a box, who is never in any real danger of being harmed, or one person who is forced to go without sleep, gave information that would prevent a second September 11th from occurring, than the use of these interrogation techniques would be worth it.
From the Paper
"It is difficult to determine what involvement President Bush's administration had prior to passing of legislation such as the Military Commissions Act. President Bush has insisted that the interrogators themselves requested the tough alternative interrogation techniques. Yet, others insist that documents show that instead these coercive techniques were forced on the interrogators. One thing is certain, the Abu Gharib scandal has caused the general public to question just what techniques are being used during interrogation, and at what point does alternative morph into torture?"
"Abu Gharib prison is, perhaps, one of the most notorious recent military scandals brought to the American public's attention. With debate over America's presence in Iraq in full force, the accounts of abuse and torture coming from the prison in 2003 were perfect fuel for the fire. An internal investigation conducted in 2004, and later exposure in the American media, found American military personnel abusing prisoners, severely damaging the credibility of America's presence in Iraq, both at home and abroad. Although the Bush administration noted that these acts were isolated acts of individuals, others noted that these actions were condoned by the military as forms of alternative interrogation."
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Psychological Interrogation & False Confessions: A Literature Review, 2001.
A review of literature on psychological interrogation methods, false confessions and their implications.
4,738 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that while the use of psychological interrogation methods is currently permissible by the courts in Canada, Great Britain and the U.S.A., many researchers argue that psychological interrogation is, in essence, no different than blatant coercion. Confession Law has slowly evolved over time alongside the evolution of interrogation methods. The paper discusses how prior to the 18th Century, English Common Law accepted confessions without any restrictions, which allowed confessions extracted through torture to be accepted as viable representations of objective truth. Today, the bottom line on the admissibility of confessions is that they are "typically excluded if elicited by physical violence, by a threat of harm or punishment, by a promise of leniency or immunity from prosecution, or by failure to notify a suspect of his or her constitutional rights to counsel and silence" (Kassin & McNall, 1991). The paper shows that despite these seemingly stringent laws regarding the admissibility of confessions, psychological interrogation methods are adept at circumventing the law, and continue to employ methods that run the risk of eliciting false confessions. This paper reviews the literature on Psychological Interrogation methods, false confessions and the implications of both.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Psychological Interrogation Tactics
Inside the Interrogation Room
Custodial Legal Advice & The Right to Silence
Psychological Interrogation Functioning as Coercion
Police Interrogations and Confessions
Communicating Promises and Threats by Pragmatic Implication
False Confessions
Occurrence of False Confessions
Creation of False Confessions
An Empirical Study On Recall
Discourse Study
Interrogative Suggestibility & Delinquent Boys
Psychological Characteristics of False Confessors
Consequences of False Confessions
From the Paper
"Interrogation, as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is the act of "questioning; formally and systematically." Interrogations within criminal justice systems are used to gather information relevant to investigations, and more importantly, to elicit confessions from suspects. Methods of interrogation have changed drastically throughout history, but the ultimate goal of obtaining confessions has held constant. While the whips and chains of the past have now exited the western world's interrogation rooms, many scholars argue that today's suspects are still subjected to psychological tortures. Psychological Interrogation is the most recent approach used by law enforcement officials to extract information from suspects."
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Alternative Schools, 2002.
A comparison of the effects of alternative schools and alternative programs.
4,505 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention have promoted alternative schools for the prevention of delinquency and how this initiative has reflected the belief that schools can help reduce youth crime. It looks at how alternative programs within the traditional schools have also been implemented as a response to educational needs for reform and juvenile crime prevention. It proposes a study to compare the effectiveness of such schools and programs.
Outline
Abstract
Statement of the Problem and Study Purpose
Hypotheses
Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Alternative Schools
Alternative Programs
Additional Factors For Successful Schools and Programs
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Inverness Center is a middlelevel alternative school that was established in 1993, in Maryland. After two years of success the center lists factors thought to be important in their results. Constant communication is a key factor in the relationship between the center and home schools. The center is to provide services including educational remediation, therapeutic, and life skills for the troubles students. The students keep a journal and do homework and receive points for behavior efforts. They have a mentor that they meet with each day. They receive privileges based on points accumulated. Service learning is also a part of the program. When enough points are accumulated and the student attains level two status, they become eligible to reach the highest level and return to their home school within four weeks. Counselors monitor the student once they return."
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A Study Of Alternative Schools And Programs, 2002.
Compares the effectiveness of alternative schools and different alternative programs.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 21 sources, $ 135.95
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Abstract
Compares the effectiveness of alternative schools and different alternative programs. Goal of programs to enhance education. How alternate programs differ from traditional education. Aim of helping the troubled or at-risk student. Discusses successes & failures of various alternative schools programs. Cites examples of failures and successes. How the student populartion has changed. Problem of delinquent youths; behavioral problems. Contends successful schools have a supportive structure & leadership.
From the Paper
"ALTERNATIVE SCHOOLS CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE
Abstract
The purpose of this study will be to compare the effects of alternative schools and alternative programs. Both success and failure have been reported for each type of program, and success factors have been listed for each. Literature comparing the two programs is lacking. The three hypotheses for this study are that subjects attending alternative schools will show greater improvement in their school attitudes (1), academic performance (2), and school attendance (3), than subjects attending alternative programs. A review of the literature related to the study topic includes the following: an introduction to alternative schools and alternative programs; alternative schools; alternative programs; and additional factors involved in ..."
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Alternative Education Theories, 2002.
This paper discusses alternative theories of multiple intelligences, multimedia technologies and alternative assessments and new methods for understanding, implementing and measuring learning behavior.
1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the theories of multiple intelligences, multimedia technologies and alternative assessments can be applied to practical classroom situations to increase the quality and purpose of student learning. This paper states that multimedia is different from traditional motion pictures or movies because it is smaller and less expensive and can offer audience interactivity or involvement. The author feels that these alternative theories provide a better understanding of how students learn, implement specific technologies to improve the learn process and offer new measures that more accurately assess what a student has learned. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Multiple Intelligences
Multimedia
Alternative Assessments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In multimedia project classrooms, teachers spent more time having students practice skills on their own with strategic assistance provided by teachers as needed than having students watch or listen as teachers performed a task for them or explained a process to them. Data revealed that multimedia project teachers were more likely to give major responsibility to students for their own learning than were comparison teachers. Teachers in multimedia project classrooms were also more likely to be engaged in helping students by moving about the classroom and responding to student questions."
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Alternative Medicine: An Analysis of Risks and Benefits, 2002.
This paper examines alternative medicine issues and analyzes the benefits and risks of alternative medical treatment.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The author notes that the use of alternative medicine in the form of acupuncture, European herbals, homeopathy, naturopathy, and Ayurvedic medicine has increased in recent years, due to dissatisfaction with the effectiveness of traditional medical treatment and limited access to and high costs of traditional medical care. But there are risks as well, and the paper concludes that much more research is needed before alternative medicine can be considered safe and effective.
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Alternative-Fuel Vehicles (AFV), 2005.
This paper discusses alternative-fuel vehicles (AFV) and the advantages of adding them to the Lotus rental car fleet.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews four alternate fuel options -- hybrids, turbo direct injection diesel, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); the advantages of alternate fuel options include healthier environmental impacts, a release reduction of carbon monoxide and other unhealthy gases (lead and nitrogen oxides) in the atmosphere and more fuel efficient options. The author points out that, currently, of the major car rental companies such as Hertz, Avis and Budget, only Budget presently offers alternative-fuel car rentals. The paper concludes that the economic advantages for Lotus Car Rental to offer AFVs to their Fleet are invaluable because (1) the consumer market's opinion has changed due to the rapid development in AFV technology, (2) the increasing gas prices, (3) the environmental crisis, (4) the tax incentives offered by the I.R.S., (5) the great success of car manufacturers in developing, producing and distributing AFVs and (6) the competitive and marketing advantages of Lotus to be associated with the pioneers in this field. Table and charts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The History of Rental Cars in the U.S.
Alternative Fuel Options
Hybrids
Turbo Direct Injection Diesel
Natural Gas
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Car Rentals and Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Advantages of Offering Alternative Fuel Vehicles as part of the Lotus Rental Fleet
The Future and Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Summary
From the Paper
"Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV's) combine the conventional internal combustion engine with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle. The HEV's have gained a lot of popularity in recent years, because it offers the driver the same range in mileage and rapid refueling options as the conventional vehicle. The practical benefits of HEV's include improved fuel economy and lower emissions compared to conventional vehicles. A disadvantage is the purchase price, which is about $3,000 higher than a comparable car with a internal combustion engine that uses petroleum."
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Alternative Dispute Resolution, 2006.
A discussion regarding alternative dispute resolution as opposed to taking legal action.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the advantages of taking alternative dispute resolution rather than legal action and the specific conditions under which it is more beneficial. This paper shows us that the advantages of alternative dispute resolution are not universal, nor automatic, but should be the result of early screening and careful decision making.
Contents:
Overview
Overview of Alternative Dispute Resolution
Reported Advantages of Alternative Dispute Resolution
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Alternative dispute resolution describes the settling of disputes outside of a traditional legal arena (Legal Information Institute). Alternative dispute resolution can be used in almost any type of situation. This can include family, neighborhood, housing, and environmental disputes. Dispute resolution can be used in a number of business situations, including personal injury, employment, and consumer disputes (Center for Analysis of Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems). Alternative dispute resolution is also sometimes called dispute resolution or appropriate dispute resolution (Center for Analysis of Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems).
Alternative dispute resolution is actually a catch-all term that refers to a number of different processes used to resolve disputes. In reality, there are a number of different types of dispute resolution processes. These include arbitration, early neutral evaluation, mediation, a mini-trial, negotiation, neutral fact-finding, ombuds, private judging, settlement conferences, a summary jury trial (Center for Analysis of Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems), and conciliation (Legal Information Institute). Arbitration and mediation are the most common forms of disputer resolution (Legal Information Institute)."
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Exploring Alternative Medicine, 2004.
This paper is a compilation of detailed information in a format easily utilized by a graduate student studying alternative medicine, a literature review, and a discussion of recommendations.
9,650 words (approx. 38.6 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there is nothing inherent in many alternative medical therapies that specifically distinguishes them from the way contemporary drugs and surgery are employed because these are simply tools in the hands of a practitioner. The author makes a clear and compelling case for the establishment of a national clearinghouse for alternative health care system information for the general public and health care practitioners alike. The paper points out that regulatory constraints may keep important information about the potential benefits of alternative treatment modalities from consumers.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background and Overview
Research Design
Seven Fields of Practice and Their Features
Mind Body Interventions
Definition
Underlying Theory/Philosophy
Major Features
Common Areas
Unique Features
Primary Applications
Evidence of Effects of Practice
Cost Effectiveness
Controversial Issues
Bioelectromagnetics Applications
Definition
Underlying Theory/Philosophy
Major Features
Practice Modalities (Specific Therapies)
Common Areas
Unique Features
Primary Applications
Evidence of Effects of Practice
Cost Effectiveness
Controversial Issues
Alternative Systems
Definition
Underlying Theory/Philosophy
Major Features
Practice Modalities (Specific Therapies)
Unique Features
Primary Applications
Evidence of Effects of Practice
Cost Effectiveness
Controversial Issues
Manual Healing Systems
Definition
Underlying Theory/Philosophy
Major Features
Practice Modalities (Specific Therapies)
Common Areas
Unique Features
Primary Applications
Evidence of Effects of Practice
Cost Effectiveness
Controversial Issues
Pharmacological & Biological Treatments
Definition
Underlying Theory/Philosophy
Major Features
Practice Modalities (Specific Therapies)
Common Areas
Unique Features
Primary Applications
Evidence of Effects of Practice
Cost Effectiveness
Controversial Issues
Herbal Medicine
Definition
Underlying Theory/Philosophy
Major Features
Practice Modalities (Specific Therapies)
Common Areas
Unique Features
Primary Applications
Evidence of Effects of Practice
Cost Effectiveness
Controversial Issues
Diet & Nutrition
Definition
Underlying Theory/Philosophy
Major Features
Practice Modalities (Specific Therapies)
Common Areas
Unique Features
Primary Applications
Evidence of Effects of Practice
Cost Effectiveness
Controversial Issues
Literature Review
Critique of Research
Data analysis, including statistical procedures used
Conclusions and Recommendations
Replicability
From the Paper
"The comparative efficacy of acupuncture and electroacupuncture can be measured using a sample of rats. Though unable to self-report pain, rats have still been shown to respond to acupuncture treatments versus control groups. This study was able to induce a hypoglycaemic effect in rats when applied to abdominal acupoints. However, this and other studies provide a basis for further research and should not influence the decision for treatment of human diabetes by acupuncture. However, this research does suggest that electroacupuncture is not a placebo effect, as rats do not respond to such effects."
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Alternative and Conventional Medicine, 2006.
An analysis of the uses of alternative medicine and the differences between it and conventional medicine.
1,442 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper clarifies the differences between conventional and alternative medicine. The paper first discusses why people in certain cultures opt to use alternative medicine rather then conventional, and then looks at the advantages of alternative medicine and what we can learn from it. Additionally, the paper looks at why a majority of practitioners are now utilizing what can be called contemporary medicine.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
From the Paper
"The method used by Astin (1998) for testing were mail surveys that gathered information on use of alternative health care, perceived benefits and risks of these therapies, health beliefs and attitudes, views toward and experiences with conventional medicine, political beliefs, and worldview. The results were that relief of symptoms is the main benefit reported a central finding is that users of alternative health care are no more dissatisfied with or distrustful of conventional care than nonusers are (Astin, 1998). Second, the results can help identify and clarify prevailing cultural conceptions about and attitudes toward health and illness and examine the degree to which the growing interest in alternative medicine may represent a type of cultural paradigm shift regarding health beliefs and practices."
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Alternative Medicine, 2000.
An in depth paper which examines the definition and types of alternative medicine
5,947 words (approx. 23.8 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 141.95
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Abstract
The term alternative medicine covers a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches and therapies. It generally describes those treatments and health care practices that are outside mainstream Western health care. This paper examines the history of alternative medicine, its risks and values. The paper discusses the different streams which make up alternative medicine such as accupuncture, mind-body healing, yoga and chiropractic therapy. Also discussed is craniosacral therapy, massage therapy, herbal medicine and aromatherapy.
From the Paper
"Alternative health care is not easily defined. Often it is explained by describing what it is not. Alternative health care is not the scientific practice of nursing, or medicine as it has come to be understood in first world countries during this century. Throughout recorded history, people of various cultures have relied on what Western medical practitioners today call alternative medicine. The term alternative medicine covers a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies. It generally describes those treatments and health care practices that are outside mainstream Western health care."
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2008.
This paper provides an overview of alternative and complimentary medical systems.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the alternative and complimentary medical systems and relates that these systems have contributed to improving the quality of care delivery. The paper discusses several problems, however, with alternative and complimentary medicine and concludes that a judicious approach is necessary for developing integrated medical practices that optimise medical care.
Outline:
Introduction
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As the name suggests, alternative therapies are implied to be alternatives for conventional medical therapy; for example special dietary therapy for curing cancer as an alternative to radiation and surgical intervention. Complimentary therapy on the other hand is used alongside allopathic treatment. [NIH] From a health administrator's perspective, a thorough understanding of these complementary and alternative medical practices is necessary as integrated medicine is proving to be more effective in the treatment and management of many disease conditions. In 1998, the US government founded the NCCAM, for a scientific study and integration of successful alternative medical systems into the mainstream medical practice. [Edwin L.Cooper] "
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Contemporary and Alternative Medicine Use in the Navy, 2004.
An in-depth study of self-efficacy and the use of alternative medicine practices by active duty military stationed on board a U.S. Naval warship.
12,975 words (approx. 51.9 pages), 81 sources, MLA, $ 247.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this investigation is to test the explanatory power of the role of self-efficacy and the Health Belief Model as it contributes to CAM (contemporary and alternative medicine) use by active duty military members. The investigation is also framed within the perspective of a consumer decision making study and consumer behavior study with regards to the use of CAM within this sample of the U.S. population. During the course of this investigation, the prevalence of CAM use among U.S. Naval personnel stationed aboard an Atlantic fleet ship and the reasons behind their decision to use CAM, is also catalogued. The research tests variables important to understanding CAM use within the context of the Health Belief Model. Data is collected via researcher-administered surveys, based on ?Receptivity?, a survey developed and modified from the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) used by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia.
Abstract
Chapter 1 Introduction
Introduction to CAM
Alternative Medical Systems
Mind-Body Interventions
Biologically Based Therapies
Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
Energy Therapies
Introduction to the Problem
Background of the study
Statement of the Problem
Research Hypothesis
Definition of Terms
Assumptions and Limitations
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Introduction
History of HBM Research
History of CAM Research
Growing acceptance within the medical community
Demographic Profile of CAM Users
Reasons for Using Alternative Medicine
HBM Overview
Conclusion
Chapter 3 Methodology
Introduction
Instrument
Pilot Study
Research Design
Study Population
Design Sample
From the Paper
"Alternative medicine has become the largest growth industry in health care in the US (Schneiderman, 2000). A frequently cited 1998 national survey on CAM (contemporary and alternative medicine) use in the United States determined that 4 out of every 10 Americans has used, or regularly uses, at least one alternative medical therapy, resulting in a combined total of $27 billion spent by American CAM users in 1997 (Eisenberg et al., 1998). By the year 2000, research indicated that nearly half of Americans were using unconventional treatments (Schneiderman, 2000). The Eisenberg et al. study also reported that from 1990-1997, herbal remedy use in the United States had increased by 380% and high dose vitamin use increased by 130% (Eisenberg et al., 1998). Studies have similarly indicated that the majorities of these expenses are being burdened by the user and, for the most part are a cash and carry enterprise. For this reason alone, many healthcare plans have chosen to offer at least partial coverage of CAM services to its enrollees."
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Alternative Medicine, 2008.
This paper explores the field of alternative medicine.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the differences between alternative medicine and complimentary medicine and discusses the widespread creation of fraudulent "cures" that exist across the globe. The paper discusses government regulation and the varying structures of alternative medical practices. The paper looks at the challenges facing the alternative medicine field and concludes that scientific research will aid in changing the many negative opinions of physicians and their patients.
Outline:
Overview
Analysis of Health Service Setting
Challenges
From the Paper
"Alternative medicine can be defined as medicine that is outside of the realm of traditional medical practices, but that is safe a proven to be effective ("What Is", 2006, sec. 2). Alternative medicine is different than complimentary medicine in that alternative medicine is used instead of traditional practices, while complementary medicine in used in conjunction with traditional practices. In some cases, however, alternative medicine can also be considered as complementary medicine. This has been especially true in relation to Chinese Traditional Medicine. An example of this could be the use of acupuncture by a cancer patient that is undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, but that uses acupuncture as a means of reducing the pain or discomfort associated with the treatments. Yet, acupuncture itself can be used as an alternative medicine for many patients that desire to undergo this type of whole body treatment in place of traditional medical practices."
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Lotus and Alternative Fuel, 2008.
This paper presents an feasibility study regarding the use of alternative fuel vehicles for the Lotus rental car company.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This research examines the rental car industry from the competitive profile of the Lotus rental car company (Lotus). The writer notes that Lotus operates rental car fleets across three major regions which include North America, Europe and Asia. The writer points out that currently Lotus is considering deploying alternative fuel vehicles and is targeting the European market as its test market and initial target market. The writer maintains that Europe is deemed a better test and roll-out market because it is ahead of both North America and Asia in terms of alternative fuel availability and use.
Outline:
Abstract
Company Overview
Industry Overview
Market Overview
Competition
Generic Competitive Strategies
Alternative Fuel Technology
Bio-fuel & Bio-diesel Overview
Economic Rationale
From the Paper
"The competitive profile in the rental car industry in Europe is uniquely different than it is in the U.S. market and several other large markets. In most of Europe's larger internal markets, such as France, Germany, and Italy, vehicle manufacturers control most of the operation fleets in the rental car industry within those respective markets. However, the UK market within the larger European rental car market is the most developed rental car market and has additional financing schemes that allow other independent operators other than the large vehicle manufacturers to enter the rental car market. Thus, in the UK, companies such as Avis tend to dominate the market. Currently, no rental car competitor in Europe is operating even a partial fleet of AFVs which creates quite an opportunity for Lotus."
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