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Alcohol and the Brain, 2002.
A paper which looks at the effect of alcohol on the brain.
817 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The effects of alochol abuse on the unborn child, on society and on relationships are quite wellknown, but the fact that alcohol can affect the brain is a fact that is less known. The paper shows that in fact alcohol stops the cortex from serving its role in integrating cognitive processes, resulting in disorganized thinking and motor control difficulties. The paper examines research that shows that individuals with a history of chronic alcohol abuse had significantly smaller brains than non alcoholic individuals. Finally, the paper concludes that continuous research on the subject may help combat alcoholism in the future.
From the Paper
"The actions of several neurotransmitters are significantly affected by the actions of alcohol. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the most prevalent neurotransmitters in the human brain, and alcohol is clearly linked to affects on the GABAergic system in the human brain. For example, the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal are reduced by blocking the activity of the neurotransmitter by the use of drugs that are well known to block GABA receptors. This evidence suggests that alcohol may play an important role in the biological underpinnings of human alcoholism. Researchers have also noted that tolerance and dependence on alcohol can be explained by the neuropharmacological effect of chronic alcohol use (Brain & Mind Magazine)."
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Heavy Alcohol Use and the Brain, 2008.
A review of the effects of heavy alcohol consumption on the brain.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that there are many studies into the long-term effects of heavy alcohol use and notes that it may lead to shrinkage of brain material. This in turn may lead to short-term memory deficits. The paper also relates that it is known that heavy alcohol use impairs the hippocampus which affects memory.
Outline:
Introduction
Brain Shrinkage and Short Term Memory Loss
Hippocampus Activity and Memory Loss
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As discussed earlier in the essay, heavy consumption has been associated for some time that with reductions in the numbers of cholinergic neurons in the forebrain. The forebrain cholinergic neurons are distinguished into two groups, those of the basal ganglia and those of the basal forebrain. The cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain project to the cortical regions, and the most rostral of these project to the allocortical regions such as the hippocampus. Therefore reductions in numbers of these cholinergic neurons will lead to reductions in activity of these allocortical regions, including the hippocampus. It is also possible that alterations in modulatory transmitter inputs such as cholinergic innervations may also play a role in the reduction of hippocampus activity without the actual loss of cholinergic neurons themselves. However in tests which have been performed on rhesus monkey models it has been shown that hippocampal activity reduction which is related solely to these alterations in modulatory input and not reductions in numbers of cholinergic neurons are unrelated to observed changes in memory function of any kind (Calhoun 475). This does not mean however that the reduction in hippocampal activity related to actual loss of cholinergic neurons does not lead to degeneration of memory function."
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Left Brain/Right Brain Differences, 1988.
Biological/psychological study of functional differences between brain's hemispheres. Discusses brain damage, perception, nervous system activity, test measurements, expression & facial emotion.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"This biological psychology paper will discuss left brain/ right brain differences. What is meant by left brain/right brain differences are differences between the two major hemispheres of the brain, the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. The focus
will be on how the hemispheres differ functionally to affect psychology. A number of studies will be summarized.
II. Biological Aspects
Study of patients with damage to only one brain hemisphere is used to deduce how the right brain and left brain are different-iated. Robertson and Delis (1986) note that patients with damage to the left brain have more difficulty in visuospatial part-whole processing than do patients with damage to the right brain."
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Psychological Effects of Drugs and Alcohol, 2004.
Discusses the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain.
2,872 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses in detail the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain and how those effects play a role in the overall psychological constitution of the user/addict. The topics included in this paper include a brief yet detailed overview of substance dependence in conjunction with the evidence for psychological dependence as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV and other pertinent scientific sources. In addition, a number of recommendations for future research on the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol are discussed at the conclusion of this paper.
Substance Dependence
Substance-Induced Disorders
Alcohol
Cocaine and Amphetamines
Caffeine
Cannabis
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Nicotine
Opioids
Phencyclidine
Sedatives
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The study of the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain, as compared to other medical conditions, is relatively new in the field of medical research. Only within the last fifty years or so has the medical community focused on how drugs and alcohol affect the human brain and the conditions that arise from prolonged abuse of the various associated substances. As Dent J. Yerbury points out, "literally hundreds of substances cross the brain barrier to influence human behavior and psychology" (June,1986), especially those connected to substance abuse. Reflecting those substances that are most widely abused and that cause the most significant problems to the abuser, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM--IV) has divided the universe of substances into eleven specific drug classes--alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, cannabis (marijuana), hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, and sedatives. Most recently, one other category has been included for less commonly abused substances, being over-the-counter medications."
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Health Problems among Alcoholic Women, 2002.
This paper discusses the research on the effects of alcohol on the brains of women vs. men.
2,330 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the main focus of three different, reliable research projects that focus on the unhealthy effects of alcohol on women vs. men. It discusses the effects that alcohol has on a woman?s mental and physical health which are believed to be more prevalent than are the effects alcohol has on a man. It includes several examples of studies and experiments and their conclusions.
From the Paper
"The educational realm of the social and behavioral sciences is a plethora of unanswered questions. For many years, the topic of sex differences has had psychologists and others in the medical field struggling to understand the somewhat distorted line between the female and male sex. For example, the effects that alcohol has on a woman?s mental and physical health are believed to be more prevalent than are the effects on a man. The articles I reviewed shed some light for me on this topic. The focus of this paper is to review and critique previous research on the topic mentioned above, and to gain some insight into how I will be able to operationalize my own research in the following pages."
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Alcoholism, 2006.
This paper looks at the physiological effects of alcoholism.
1,134 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This article illustrates the physiological and biological effects of alcoholism on the mind and body of a drinker, in light of medical and factual details. It explains the various health perils susceptible to various organs of the body such as brain, liver and pancreas caused by hard drinking. Detailed analysis with regard to genetics and brain damage at cellular level is discussed addressing the effects of dopamine. Lastly, alcohol recovery through different chemical detoxification approaches is considered with regards to effectiveness.
Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Effects of Alcohol upon the Brain
Other Effects of Alcohol upon the Body
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many of the neurons (brain cells) of a long-time Alcoholic begin to die; consequently their brain is different from a normal brain. Scanning procedures, Computed Tomography (CT) or Positron Emission Tomography (PET) reveal that the total volume of an alcoholic's brain undergoes shrinkage due to permanent and irreplaceable death of cells. Moreover, Alcohol adversely affects different neurotransmitter systems in the brain; in low amounts it upsets the Gamma Amino Butyric Acid or the GABA system. It is noted that this effect is more pronounced in men than in women. Incase of higher levels it affects another common transmitter system called NMDA glutamate. Among chronic drinkers, brain cells and tissues adapt to the alcoholic fluid environments. These adaptations deal with excitement and inhibition control."
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Alcohol, 2002.
A look at different aspects of alcohol from its chemical nature to use and abuse and its general affect on society.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper is an overview of alcohol. It examines the chemical nature, history, use and abuse, financial and social impact, and the legal response to alcohol. It examines alcoholism, brain effects, and the health benefits of alcohol as well. It concludes that the use of alcohol, though touted as a health benefit, continues to have significant problematic aspects for society.
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Alcohol, Drugs and Domestic Violence, 2004.
This paper discusses that surveys have shown that domestic violence (DV), which is a major problem in the U.S., is strongly related to alcohol and drug abuse.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that domestic violence, when it includes not just the drug alcohol but also other mind-altering drugs, can be extremely vicious. The author points out that one of the most frequent and verifiable links to understanding DV is the cultural dynamics of individuals in the low-income bracket where violence is used as a strategy in conflict. The paper explores Sweden?s anti-violence, alcohol-intervention campaign, which entails training in responsible beverage service for bartenders, enforcement of existing alcohol laws in bars, promotional posters in beverage retail stores, and a massive media campaign, as a model for the U.S.
Table of Contents
Statement of the Problem
Introduction / Thesis
Alcohol/Drug-related Family Violence Does Not Occur in a Social Vacuum
Present Realities and Statistics
What Does Alcohol Actually Do to the Individual and to the Brain?
Victim Treatment, Possible Solutions and Remedies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The fundamental difficulty with respect to studying DV, Jewkes asserts, is that ?evidence for causation of intimate partner violence is weak, when assessed with epidemiological criteria? [since] diseases usually have a biological basis and occur within a social context, but intimate partner violence is entirely a product of its social context.? And, Jewkes adds, DV is often a ?feature of sexual relationships or thwarted sexual relationships?? Alcohol, she concludes, is a contributor to intimate violence by both reducing inhibitions, and providing ?social space? for ?punishment?."
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The Effects of Alcohol, 2007.
This paper explores the many harmful effects alcohol has on body processes.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how alcohol slows down brain activity, resulting in slurred speech, slowed reaction time, impaired vision and hearing, impaired thinking and memory and muscle weakness. The paper describes long-term effects associated with alcohol which include liver failure, nerve damage, epilepsy and heart failure. The paper discusses how the majority of adolescents believe alcohol makes it easier to socialize while adults often drink to cope with stress.
From the Paper
"Although alcohol is classified as a food, it is not digested but rather enters directly into the blood stream. Because alcohol dilutes itself in the water volume of the body, vital organs, such as the brain, that contain large amounts of water and need a substantial blood supply, are left especially vulnerable (Dunlap). Within minutes of entering the bloodstream, literally every organ and tissue system, including the brain, liver, heart, lungs, pancreas and kidneys, are infiltrated by alcohol (Dunlap)."
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Children of Alcoholic Families and School Counselors, 1985.
This paper discusses alcoholism and alcoholic families in the U.S., the effects of alcoholism on the children, the role and responsibility of the school counselor, the programs and resources.
6,300 words (approx. 25.2 pages), 17 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will establish the extent of alcoholism and alcoholic families in the U.S., the effects of alcoholism on the children, the role and responsibility of the school counselor in meeting the needs of these children and the programs and resources available to implement the much-needed help for such children.
There are over 10 million known alcoholics in the U.S. today plus 28-30 million of their children affected by this disease (Barnard, 1981 p. 3).
For these children, the drinking-problems of their parents are the central force in their lives, their feelings and their personalities. Social behaviors are affected more by this reality than any other factor."
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Alcoholism as a Social Problem, 2005.
A report on alcoholism, defined as the preoccupation with alcoholic beverages, that extends to a situation where an individual's personal, family, social and work life are affected by it.
2,830 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the negative effects that alcoholism has on the individual, his family and his community. This paper identifies and analyzes the basis for alcoholism on different types of individuals and gives the possible treatments.
Outline:
Introduction
Alcohol Consumption: An Emerging Public and Social Health Issue
Alcohol Consumption and Pregnant Women
Alcohol Consumption and Cognitive Behavior
Family History (FH) of Alcoholism and the Stability of Personality in
Young Adulthood
The Role of Development in the Relation between Personality and Family History of Alcohol
Alcoholism and Older People
Family Stressors and Alcohol Problems
Brief Intervention and Alcohol Consumption
Alcohol Consumption and Psychologist Help
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Psychologists who are trained and experienced in treating alcohol problems can be helpful in many ways. Before the drinker seeks assistance, a psychologist can guide the family or others in helping to increase the drinker's motivation to change. A psychologist can begin with the drinker by assessing the types and degrees of problems the drinker has experienced. The results of the assessment can offer initial guidance to the drinker about what treatment to seek and help motivate the problem drinker to get treatment. Individuals with drinking problems definitely improve their chances of recovery by seeking help early. Using one or more of several types of psychological therapies, psychologists can help people address psychological issues involved in their problem drinking. A number of these therapies, including cognitive-behavioral coping skills treatment and motivational enhancement therapy, were developed by psychologists."
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Ectopic or Heterotopic Brain Tissue, 2002.
This paper gives an overview of ectopic brain tissue, extracranial brain tissue that is not directly connected to the brain itself.
3,987 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that extracranial brain tissue that is not directly connected to the brain itself may be an isolated cutaneious embryonic defect. It discusses how these are usually located on the occipital or parietal areas of the scalp and are often called heteropic brain tissue or cutaneous ectopic brain (CEB). Most of the time these are simple defective tissue that can easily be removed from the scalp. However, there are several different types of ectopic brain tissues and some of these can be signs of underlying central nervous system problems. The paper discusses several cases where the importance of getting a thorough evaluation of the tissue is shown.
Table of Contents:
Definition of Cutaneous Ectopic or Heterotopic Brain Tissue
Summary of Four Patients with Scalp Nodules Surrounded by Hair Collars In the Study by Drolet and Clowry
History of CEB
The Hair Collar Sign: Marker for Cranial Dysraphism
Why the ?Hair Collar?
Ectopic Brain as Orbital and Conjunctival Mass
Heterotopic Brain and Meningeal Tissue
Information about Heterotopic and Ectopic Brain Tissue
From the Paper
"Perhaps the question can be asked why the researchers termed the phrase, ?hair collar?. Why is there a hypertropic ring of long hair that surrounds these lesions? If these were examined, the hair follicles would be found to increase in number and many of these will be quite large. In fact, the angle that each hair follicle exits the skin does not fall randomly, but are located at precise directions that the hair follicles take.
? The hair pattern is thought to be dictated by differential shearing forces and the point of maximal tension, the vertex, is where the parietal scalp whorl is commonly found. Perhaps at some point early in development, encephaloceles and meningoceles produce aberrant shearing forces during the formation of the follicles forcing them to point outward, away from the defect? (Drolet and Lawrence 309).
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Alcohol, 2007.
A description of the uses of alcohol and the way that alcohol consumption can be abused and affect one's life.
3,895 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a discussion into the properties and uses of alcohol. It begins by describing what alcohol is made of and then goes on to discuss the long-term and short-term effects of alcohol on the body. The paper includes a discussion on the effects of alcohol on one's social life, particularly the phenomenon of college drinking and also of the dangers of drinking and driving.
From the Paper
"Alcohol, also know as ethanol or CH3-CH2-OH, is a clear, odorless, intoxicating element found in beer (12oz), wine (4oz), and spirits (1 ounce of 100 proof spirit). The use of alcohol can be traced back thousands of years, as early as 10,000 BC. Although typically used for social purposes, alcohol is a dangerous drug that is commonly misused and even abused in many peoples' lives around the world. "Multiple neurotransmitter systems play a role in mediating the behavioral effects of alcohol that have been linked to its abuse and dependence" ( Sellers/Tomkins), these neurotransmitter systems are responsible for expression of emotions, reaction times, and planning and judgment. This central nervous system depressant has the potential to cause many problems not only to the individual using the substance but also to their friends and family members. Through a process called fermentation, alcohol is produced from sugars that go through the action of yeasts. From there, pure alcohol can come in a variety of forms: however, its effects are, for the most part, very similar but slightly different for everyone. Some factors for this fact may be: a person's individual tolerance or experience drinking, body weight, sex, and metabolism rate (that is significantly affected by one's age). These factors determine their BAC, or blood alcohol concentration in one's blood. The higher the BAC, the higher the potential dangers of this drug can be."
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Preventing Teen Alcohol Abuse, 2006.
A study on teenage alcohol abuse, its causes and what can be done to prevent teenage alcoholism.
2,781 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This research paper focuses on the problem of teenage alcohol abuse and what we can do to keep teenagers from abusing alcohol. The paper looks at a number of different aspects of the problem including the age children start drinking, why they start drinking, the relationship between crime and alcoholism, how widespread it is and whether it is an inherited disease. The paper then takes a look at what recommendations have been made that could help prevent teenage alcoholism.
Table of Contents
Age of First Use of Alcohol
Peer Pressure and Advertising
Teen Drinkers and Crime
Who Use Alcohol More Frequently Males or Females?
Teen Drinkers and Sex
How Widespread is Teen Age Alcoholism
What is the Real Cost of Teen Age Alcoholic Use?
How Many Teenagers are Treated for Alcoholism
Is Alcoholism Inherited?
What Can Be Done To Prevent Teen Age Alcohol Consumption?
From the Paper
"According to Teenage Alcohol Use in South Carolina Some of South Carolina's young people start using alcohol as early as 10 or 11 years old, most begin around age 14 or 15. ) Beer is overwhelmingly the most popular kind of alcohol used by teenagers (especially young males) and all other age groups in South Carolina. Wine coolers and new malt liquor products have become popular recently among young females. These sweet and fruity drinks are marketed deliberately to young drinkers who typically don't like the taste of beer. Many teenagers don't realize that these products contain more alcohol than regular beer. "Alcohol Use Among Teenagers" says that Junior/middle and senior high school students drink 35% of all wine coolers sold in the United States; they also consume 1.1 billion cans of beer."
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Alcohol in "The Great Gatsby", 2001.
This paper looks at how F.Scott Fitzgerald employs alcohol, and the abuse of alcohol, to symbolise priorities and problems in 1920's upper class America in his book, "The Great Gatsby."
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines essay highlights the importance of alcohol in upper class 1920's America illustrated in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel, "The Great Gatsby." With reference to values surrounding wealth, etiquette and class, the essay illustrates how Fitzgerald uses alcohol to represent the contradictory feelings in upper class America; although there is a dinstinctive feeling of energy and euphoria in the era, this is underlined by crisis and unease.
From the Paper
"Alcohol also seems to contribute to the distinctive energy of America. It has a direct effect on mood, leading to heightened euphoria and sociability. Such high spirits ensure the success of Gatsby?s parties, where ?cocktails permeate the garden outside until the air is alive with chatter and laughter? (p.42). Intoxicated, his guests are happy and carefree. Indeed, alcohol is credited for the confidence of a girl who dances alone at one party; she ?seizes a cocktail?and dumps it down for courage? (p.43). The positive effects of alcohol are also apparent at other points in the novel. A visitor to West Egg becomes more pleasant through drinking: ?the woman said nothing?until unexpectedly, after two highballs, she became cordial? (p.99). Alcohol also helps overturn some of the social restrictions of polite society."
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