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AIDS in the Dance Community, 1994.
This paper discusses the reaction of the dance community to the problem of AIDS: Deaths, awareness & activism, benefits and reasons for delay in dealing with crisis (denial, secrecy).
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"AIDS has been especially devastating to the dance community, both in terms of personal lives lost and talent the world will never see. Well into the second decade of the AIDS virus, we tally the losses and wonder who will be next. The roster of victims reads like a who's who of incomparable talent from the fields of musical theater to classical ballet. New AIDS help groups are formed continuously, as each field rallies in support of its own membership. Professions allied to dance, such as theater, fashion, and music, have responded by creating their own support networks for artists terminated in their most germinal years.
Promoting AIDS awareness and activism are groups such as Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC), AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP), and Community Health Project (CHP). They in turn have encouraged professions severely affected by AIDS to rally. Several groups have already taken steps to confront the epidemic. In the arts, the theater, fashion, and music .... "
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Dance, 1972.
This paper discusses dance as a form of non-verbal communication, its role in early primitive cultures and argues that modern dance is a source of new channels of communication.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Dance, as a means of fulfilling the goal of nonverbal communication in today's society, along with other art forms is falling far short of its incredible potential. Most art today is separated from any real involvement with modern humanity by invisible, yet real and definite barriers. To see dance in its most successful form of nonverbal communication we must examine its role in early primitive cultures. The relationship of extant primitivism will serve as reemphasis for striking cultural differences.
Since development from an early shamanistic culture our technological society has evolved obvious changes in our perception and communication of ourselves in relationship to our universe.
Although early dance experiences were led by the shaman or .... "
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Strategies for Dealing with HIV/AIDS, 2002.
This paper is an in-depth overview of the aspects of the HIV / AIDS epidemic, including the profound issues and statistics on the virus in the developing and industrialized world.
3,080 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with an overview of AIDS epidemic in terms of its derivation and the possible causes of AIDS. It describes AIDS in developing countries and those countries' national government strategy for battling it, the paper continues by investigating AIDS in industrialized countries and comparing these policies to those in developing countries. To better understanding the differences locally and internationally, certain sample countries have been used to illustrate the situation. The paper also explores the global AIDS prevention strategy and evaluates how HIV vaccine developing.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overrview of AIDS
Introduction of AIDS
Global Picture of AIDS
Distribution of AIDS
AIDS in Developing Countries
Sex between Men in the Developing World
Government Strategy on Sex between Men
Education in Asia
Strategy Effectiveness
HIV Vaccine in Developing Countries
Thailand
South America
Africa
The Spread of Injecting and Drug Use in Developing Countries
The Golden Triangle
Drugs in Russia
AIDS in Industrialized Countries
American Syringe Exchange
Strategy Effectiveness
Syringe Exchange in the UK
NHS and Local Health Authorities
Global AIDS Strategy
World Health Organization
Global AIDS Societies
Vaccine Development
Conclusion
Appendix
Reference
From the Paper
"AIDS is now found worldwide. While, what is AIDS? Keith Alcorn and Robert Fieldhouse (2000) stated, "AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is the result of damage to the immune system: the resultant deficiency in its functions allows certain specific opportunistic infections or tumours to flourish." It is an opportunistic virus, which could take the opportunity to damage human being's immune system and cause death.
"In 1986, there is a hypothesis released in St. Mary's Hospital (1986), that is the disease may have originated in Central Africa and then expand to Caribbean, USA and Europe. While there are more and more scientists argued the origin of AIDS, Keith Alcorn and Robert Fieldhouse (2000) argued that "AIDS was first identified as a distinct syndrome in 1981 as the consequence of a cluster of cases amongst gay men in large US cities with highly visible and established gay communities." Peter Aggleton (1994) found that how serious that AIDS expand worldwide, the epidemic has increased over 100-fold since AIDS was identified in 1981, according to the research for the Harvard-based Global AIDS Policy. By 1992 at lease 12.9 million people worldwide were infected with HIV (7.1 million men, 4.7 million women, 1.1 million children)."
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HIV/AIDS Mitigation, 2008.
This paper examines good governance in the prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS, specifically as evidenced in the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga City, a highly-urbanized city in the Philippines.
6,910 words (approx. 27.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 156.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that stopping the spread of HIV/AIDS has to be made integral to any development endeavor aimed at improving the lives and well-being of citizens of the world. The author points out that the United Nations acknowledges that good governance has to be integrated into the creation and management of institutions, processes and programs aimed at beating the targets set forth in the "Millennium Declaration of 2000". The paper reviews and analyzes the present and future scenario of HIV/AIDS prevention and mitigation in the Philippines and identifies some elements of intervention needed to operationalize a strategy for good governance. The author underscores that the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga city is built around improved capacities for public administration and civil service, decentralization in delivery of services, transparency and accountability, expanded role of civil-society, and the centrality of participation grounded on the rule of law and human rights.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Related Literature
Pro-Poor Policy Framework
Public Administration and Civil Services
Decentralization and Delivery of Services
Accountability and Transparency Situations and Context of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Socio-Economic Impact of HIV Aids
Participatory Approach
Cultural and Moral Dimensions
Grounding Development
Mobilizing the Cultural Resources
Key Lessons in Good Governance from the United Nations
Case in Point: Zamboanga City HIV/AIDS Program
Public-Civil Society Partnership
Organization and Management
Community-Oriented/ Community Based
Innovative Optimized Use of Infrastructure Support
Livelihood Assistance
Financial Resources
Lessons from HIV/Program Implementation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the United Nations, a critical requisite for achieving the MDG's is a conducive and coherent policy framework. This involves first, the contextualization of the goals by each country, and down to identifying sectoral concerns and on to effective local responses. Responses and interventions to HIVAIDS entails a national policy framework that provides for effective decentralization of action and one that effectively coordinate implementation and resource mobilization as well as achieve a critical mass of support from the public in a much cost effective way. The policy framework to be pro-poor means, that it recognizes the social and economic implications of HIV/AIDS and seeks to integrate social and economic interventions to mitigate the spread of the infection and disease."
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The Transmission of AIDS in Africa, 2002.
Examines the spread of AIDS in Africa and explores the social, cultural and behavioral reasons why AIDS is spreading so rapidly in that region.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes AIDS in Tropical Africa. Issues covered include recent statistics relating to different countries within Africa, spatial distribution and patterns of spread, and an evaluation of the social, cultural, and behavioral reasons why AIDS is spreading so rapidly. The paper concludes with a discussion of strategies for prevention, projects to reduce the spread of AIDS, and the use of drugs in AIDS treatments in Africa.
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AIDS/HIV Patients and Health Care, 2002.
A thorough examination of health care for HIV and AIDS patients and a review of the literature relevant to access to care, quality of care and funding.
9,785 words (approx. 39.1 pages), 46 sources, MLA, $ 199.95
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Abstract
A research study is proposed that investigates the experiences of HIV/AIDS patients with health insurance. The specific problem that is investigated concerns variations between HIV/AIDS patients and non HIV/AIDS patients in relation to denial of coverage, premium levels and experimental drug approval. Literature is reviewed is support of the proposed research study. The major bodies of literature reviewed are those related to access to care for HIV/AIDS patients, the quality of care received by HIV/AIDS patients and health care funding, especially as such funding applies to HIV/AIDS care and research and with a further emphasis on future funding prospects.
Introduction
Access to Care for HIV/AIDS Patients
Bioethical Issues
Social Psychological Influences
Effects of Managed Care on Health Care Access for HIV/AIDS Patients
Quality of Care Received by HIV/AIDS Patients
HIV/AIDS Funding
The Welfare State
Summary of the Literature Review
References
From the Paper
"A critical factor affecting access to necessary health care for HIV/AIDS patients is health care insurance coverage. Approximately 60-percent of the American population is covered by private health care insurance programs (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). Most of these programs-the very great majority-are either fully or partly funded by employers, while the remainder of such programs is funded fully by the covered individuals and families. For the remaining 40 percent of the population, the delivery of health care services is dealt with in a variety of ways, as follows: (1) for approximately 25 percent of the population, health care services are funded by the federal government, primarily through the Medicaid and Medicare programs; (2) approximately five-percent of the population, both individuals and families, who for whatever reason do not choose to contract for health care insurance, are in the financial position to pay for health care services at the time of delivery; and (3) approximately 10 percent of the population defer health care services to the point where they can non longer be deferred, at which time they typically enter the health care system as emergency patients (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). As emergency patients, their care is more expensive than it would have been if treated earlier, and the care is either (1) paid by government or charity or (2) results in charges to the patients and their families that they seldom have any hope of ever paying. In the latter case, caregivers, typically public hospitals, must absorb the losses.
When all is said and done, approximately 12 percent of the country's population is without any formal health care insurance coverage (Minahan, 1999; Rosen, Fanshel, & Lutz, 1999), although some estimates of this proportion are higher. Further, in most cases, such individuals are not in a financial position to fund such services as required. With the size of the American population established at approximately 273 million by the 1999 census estimate (Population Reference Bureau, 2000), the 12 percent without formal health care insurance translates into approximately 33 million people."
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Hip Hop Dance History, 2006.
The history of Hip hop dance and its effects on society.
4,296 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper is an in-depth study of the history of hip hop dance, from before and after the 1970s, and its effects on society. It explores how this type of dance is unlike other dance forms and the elements that make it up. There are no fixed forms to dance, but only styles. The rest is up to the dancer. It is a style of dance for all society giving the freedom to all to dance according to their desires. The paper also shows how hip hop is very much an American product. The hip hop trend enables the path for several dancers, and at the same time it also fosters and promotes more suggestive dance moves. The paper provides clear indications of the effects on culture; some hip hop is racist in theme, while others are sexist. Many hip hop musicians concentrate on such issues like social inequity and the dangers of heroin use. The conclusion is that hip hop is more than just music. It is becoming the soul of pop culture as never before, and steadily moving from the street corners and music videos towards usage in the fitness centers, dance studios as well as television shows.
From the Paper
"Hip hop may be viewed as a culture and is often used to refer to commercial rap music, but hip-hop is not only music. It is loved by the American ghetto youth who claim that it is their method of self-expression and use hip hop to rise over their physical situations. The culture of hip hop has its roots based on truth, self-determination, courage and pride. This is the reason why it has grown to have its impact on almost every part of the world. (Hip-hop History) Some hip hop is racist in their themes, while others are sexist. At the same time, there are also many hip hop musicians who concentrate on such issues like social inequity and the dangers of heroin use. From its early days in the US, the music is being played in projects and some underground clubs, but, now it has achieved a profile that has led to include it in the 1992 presidential debates over Sister Soljah. In the 20th Century Fox movie, Bulworth, there is Warren Beatty playing a Senator who berates his opponents using rap. Hip hop, it would seem, has become a part of our lives. (Classified Hip-Hop or I wanna blow up like Marilyn Monroe's skirt) At the same time, hip hop is not only music. This form of dancing has become very popular and this is clear from the opinions of some experts. "There's a definite surge in the white neighborhood that wouldn't necessarily be exposed to hip-hop in their everyday life," says Keith Pinto, who is an MC and hip-hop dance teacher at the Dance Attack in Los Gatos, California. "They watch MTV, see other kids doing it and want to be a part of it. You can pretty much go to any dance studio in the Bay area and they'll have a hip-hop class." (Hip-hop dance fever)"
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AIDs Stigma, 2007.
An analysis of the stigma associated with AIDS sufferers, as described in "A Neighborhood Divided: Community Resistance to an AIDs Care Facility" written by J. Balin.
896 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the stigma that is associated with AIDS and HIV. It discusses the prejudice and discrimination, anxiety and bias against those suffering from AIDS and HIV. The paper looks at the book "A Neighborhood Divided: Community Resistance to an AIDS Care Facility" written by J. Balin, which relates what happened in a U.S. city in 1988 when the residents first heard that a 42- bed nursing home for people with the AIDs was opening in their neighborhood.
From the Paper
"Balin decided to study and write about this incidence, especially because of the individuals involved--middleclass lifestyle in a declining urban economy who were dealing with such difficult topics as racism, class inequality, sexuality, the moral responsibilities of the middle class to the poor, and the effectiveness of liberal versus conservative social policies in addressing current urban social problems. She traced the community's political and social development from its founding as a Quaker, and primarily German, colonial village to its current status as an integrated and progressive middle-class urban neighborhood and then followed the events from announcement to opening."
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The Honeybee Dance Language, 2004.
A five part analysis of the dance language method of communication of honeybees.
1,733 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper uses evidence from ten different sources to analyze the hypothesis that honeybees can communicate the relative distance, direction and even the quality of the food source from their hive to their colleagues with their unique "dance language." This paper also examines alternative explanations and possibilities for the evidences.
Outline
Hypothesis
Evidence
Alternatives
Possibilities
Summary
From the Paper
"Even with the overwhelming contradicting evidences to Frisch's original experiments, his original hypothesis of honeybees using forms of "dances" (dance language) to communicate the distance, direction, and quality of food sources is still true. The dances never had to be 100% accurate nor reliable for it to be considered true-even we (humans) make mistakes with our languages. For example, if you forgot someone's directions, does that disprove the fact someone communicated to you the directions using a language in the first place? There is no way to proof whether the bees that did not locate the resources just chose not to (which brings up more questions), or maybe just have forgotten the information-they do have very small brains!"
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Philadelphia Dance Company, 2006.
This paper discusses the Philadelphia Dance Company, which is also known as Philadanco.
1,006 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the Philadelphia Dance Company, which was founded in 1970 by Joan Myers Brown and has become a leading American dance company since. The writer discusses the history of the Philadelphia Dance Company and examines the philosophy of the dance group. Further, the writer examines the techniques and teachings of this dance company. The inspiration of this dance troupe upon other companies is also mentioned. The writer concludes by explaining that the troupe has always promoted harmony and racial acceptance, but it has done so first by promoting the value of the dance and by bringing in the many different musical and ritualistic elements that make up the dance.
From the Paper
"The company was the pilot dance company to be part of the State of Pennsylvania, Comprehensive Education Training Act, arts training program and was one of the first companies to hire dancers on a 52 week salary as well as the first to own housing for the dancers and the first to own a debt-free facility. The company also founded the International Conference of Black Dance Companies and International Association of Blacks in Dance to address the special needs of the African American dance community.
In addition to the operation of the non-profit as a school, the organization sees its mission to present the highest quality professional dance performances and has been recognized as a mainstream modern dance company and not merely an African-American dance company."
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Modern Dance, 2004.
An overview of the history of modern dance.
1,117 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how European and American theatrical dance had always centered on ballet until the early 20th century, when it became fashionable in dance circles to rebel against the strictures of tradition. It looks at how modern dance, which resembles modern art and music in that it is experimental and iconoclastic, developed primarily in the United States and Germany. It discusses how, in the beginning, modern dance was often misunderstood by audiences and how, by the 1950s, modern dance was firmly established in the dance world. It also shows how modern dance is said to be based on the four principles of substance, dynamism, metakinesis, and form, and how, due to the creative efforts of the modern dance pioneers, dancers today use a broader range of techniques, styles, and source materials than ever before.
From the Paper
"The first American dancers to break from classical ballet were Isadora Duncan, Loie Fuller, and Ruth St. Denis (Modern pp). Although their styles differed, their unconventional approaches opened the door to a new era in dance history, namely the American modern dance movement of the 1920's (Modern pp). Those involved in this movement based their works on personal experience, using their bodies as instruments to express emotions such as passion, fear, grief or joy (Modern pp). The dancer created form as an outgrowth of his or her own communicative impulses, rather than adhering to the set form and limited range of gestures of ballet (Modern pp)."
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Health Care for HIV/AIDS Patients, 2002.
A review of the literature relevant to access to care, quality of care and funding for HIV and AIDS patients.
9,674 words (approx. 38.7 pages), 51 sources, MLA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
The difficulty of HIV/AIDS patients in acquiring adequate and equitable health care coverage is examined. The specific problem that is investigated concerns variations between HIV/AIDS patients and non HIV/AIDS patients in relation to denial of coverage, premium levels and experimental drug approval. A thorough review of published literature from different fields is conducted in support of this study. This literature is categorized, analyzed and collected as a unified body. Conclusions about the meaning of the various reviewed studies are presented. The primary conclusions of this study are the needs for portability and true universality in health care for all, as well as guarantees that expensive and experimental treatments will be covered. The writer explains that such changes would benefit not only HIV/AIDS patients, but all Americans as well.
Abstract
The Problem
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose to the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Review of the Literature
Access to Care for HIV/AIDS Patients
Bioethical Issues
Social Psychological Influences
Effects of Managed Care on Health Care Access for HIV/AIDS Patients
Quality of Care Received by HIV/AIDS Patients
HIV/AIDS Funding
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"A critical factor affecting access to necessary health care for HIV/AIDS patients is health care insurance coverage. Approximately 60-percent of the American population is covered by private health care insurance programs (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). Most of these programs-the very great majority-are either fully or partly funded by employers, while the remainder of such programs is funded fully by the covered individuals and families. For the remaining 40 percent of the population, the delivery of health care services is dealt with in a variety of ways, as follows: (1) for approximately 25 percent of the population, health care services are funded by the federal government, primarily through the Medicaid and Medicare programs; (2) approximately five-percent of the population, both individuals and families, who for whatever reason do not choose to contract for health care insurance, are in the financial position to pay for health care services at the time of delivery; and (3) approximately 10 percent of the population defer health care services to the point where they can non longer be deferred, at which time they typically enter the health care system as emergency patients (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). As emergency patients, their care is more expensive than it would have been if treated earlier, and the care is either (1) paid by government or charity or (2) results in charges to the patients and their families that they seldom have any hope of ever paying. In the latter case, caregivers, typically public hospitals, must absorb the losses. "
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Dealing with AIDS, 2005.
This paper examines the personal literature about the process of dealing with AIDS as told by not only the patients but also their parents, lovers, caregivers and friends.
2,425 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the many books which personalize the AIDS tragedy are almost like a literary quilt of names that fought but eventually lost the struggle, creating the true tragedy of AIDS not only as a disease but also as a destroyer of families, love-lives and careers. The author points out that AIDS still creates rumors and stories, wildly inaccurate but believable, to that portion of the population who still thinks the virus was sent from God to punish sinners, creating the most heartbreaking situation in which friends now see their dying AIDS patient as a pariah. The paper reflects that, as AIDS patients tell their own stories and as their friends and lovers and family record some of their last vital moments, it is obvious that dying of AIDS is not like having cancer, a stroke or a heart attack because it begins with a mischievous virus, dancing unsuspectingly, a Trojan horse that turns deadly.
From the Paper
"Men and women do not go quietly, many of them. They fight. They fight for some decent treatment, instead of being written off in some dreary hospice. They fight to remain with friends and family, especially children, until it is time to let go. "I'll go down the road to AIDS- but I'll not go quietly. And I do not want to go alone....I want, desperately, for you to come with me...to tell (those healthy people) that the ones who are sick need healing, not discrimination, compassion, not rejection, comfort, not condemnation.""
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AIDS in The Workplace, 2002.
Discussion of the fiscal, social and management aspects of AIDS in the workplace.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The cost of AIDS is another important issue. First, people are afraid of contracting AIDS from the infected person. Prejudice against those with AIDS is another problem. Because AIDS has no cure, some employees will quit rather than associate with an AIDS-Infected co-worker. As a general policy, employees with AIDS should be treated the same as other handicapped employees.
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AIDS in Africa, 2001.
This paper discusses the policy problems of fighting AIDS in Africa, highlighting the countries of Uganda and Senegal.
5,565 words (approx. 22.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that efforts to roll back the AIDS epidemic in Africa simply have not kept pace with the epidemic itself; therefore, the "International Partnership against AIDS in Africa," made up of African governments, the United Nations, donors, and the private and community sectors, was organized to establish and maintain processes by which governments, civil society, and national and international organizations working against AIDS in Africa can work together more effectively to curtail the spread of HIV. The author details the successful Brazilian policy program, which manufactures generic AIDS medicines and distributes them for free to HIV infected patients, and reviews the possibility of adapting this program in Africa. The paper concludes that, to be successful in preventing HIV transmission, countries need to work simultaneously on many fronts, such as schools, health facilities, and the workplace, through media campaigns, and through outreach to sex workers.
Table of Contents
The Problem
The Structure of the UN's Present AIDS Program
The UN's Present AIDS Strategy in Africa
The Cure
Policy Background
Path Dependency (What Is Being Done Now)
Possible Problems for Implementation
Lesson Drawing
Lesson Variables
Uganda and AIDS
The Problem
Government Response
Implementation
Monitoring
Senegal
Government Response
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The policy of drug manufacture and distribution is actually a quick fix in the Brazilian community. For two decades, NGO's (Non-Governmental Organizations) in Brazil have lobbied the government to take part in reforming the healthcare system in Brazil. NGO's are activist groups, which are largely community based and receive funding and organization from a wide variety of sources. Some NGO's are formed from international sources and many remain autonomous and independent. According to a survey done by Nelson Solano in Sao Paulo conducted of some 87 of these NGO's, about 51 were held to be autonomous, 19 to be religious based and 11 linked to sexual emancipation groups. Information about funding in the survey was lacking, however, due to the NGO's lack of eagerness to revealing their sources. NGO's have led the social movement against AIDS in Brazil and are mainly responsible for much of the progress toward treatment and a cure for AIDS in Brazil."
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