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"African-American Religion In The 20th Century" ( Hans Baer and Merrill Singer ), 1995.
A critical review of this work on religion's role in the blacks' protest against and accommodation with white American society.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 1 source, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Hans A. Baer and Merrill Singer, in African-American Religion in the Twentieth Century: Varieties of Protest and Accommodation, approach their subject employing a unique combination of conceptual and contextual elements. In addition, they seek to shed light on connections not dealt with adequately by previous researchers.
For example, they aim to clarify the connection between the origins and development of African-American religion and capitalism. Their conceptual framework is "social scientific" (xii) and their approach is "methodological agnosticism" (xiii). They honor the variety of expression and practice in their field by providing "the first comprehensive overview that covers this period and attempts to recognize the diversity of forms that African-American religion takes" (xii). They refer to themselves ..."
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African-American Religion, 2007.
This paper describes the role of African-American churches in organizing the black community during the Civil Rights Movement.
2,351 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that African-American churches served as the foundation for the African-American struggle for civil rights during the 20th century. The author traces the history of the churches, focusing on their importance socially as well as spiritually to the community. The author is somewhat critical of mainstream Christianity and its exclusion of Blacks. The paper concludes by citing major Black religious figures in America and acknowledging that religion has impacted African-American history from a highly diverse set of directions.
From the Paper
"Still, the notion that the Christian Church has been a leading force in the movement towards social change for the African American has not gone unchallenged. Some have contended that the Christian Church as acted as an opiate for generations to the African American people. One critic stated, "Instead of cursing the white man, [blacks] shout at the Lord. Instead of kicking whitey, [blacks] kick over the pew." Those who believe that the African American Church acts as an opiate to the black sub-culture contend that it induces many individuals to appeal to God for social change, when, more realistically, they should be acting to bring about social change themselves; in other words, they believe that the church provides an outlet for black people's frustrations, so they can be directed away from actions that might elementally undermine the current radicalized American social system. Eventually, a scientific study conducted by Gary Marx in the 1960's attempted to find any correlation between the level of religious fervor of black Americans and their associated beliefs regarding the Civil Rights movement: "Specifically, Marx established that in his sample, the greater the subjective importance of religion to black respondents, and the more often they went to church, the less militant they were in support of the civil rights issues." Even more recent theorists have agreed with the assessment of the role of the African American Church in social activism; arguing that it is centrally a device for passivity and control."
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African-American Female Social Reformers Of The 19th Century-20th Century, 1995.
Describes the lives and careers of Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Fanie Lou Hamer.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The role of individual personalities in a social movement is often recorded in disproportion to the individual's achievement. Minorities have received short shrift in the past. Women in particular are apt to be slighted by historians who, until recently, were generally composed of educated white males viewing the past through a perspective that was sorely limited by lack of imagination and empathy. Needless to say, women of African-American heritage have been more likely lost in the shuffle of such opinion than white women and black men. As Arican-Americans in America moved from slavery to freedom, from segregated minority to still-being-attempted integration into the mainstream society, there has been a none-too-subtle discount of the black woman's accomplishments in the field of social reform. Nevertheless, there has been a strong spine of African-American ..."
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American Identity in the 20th Century, 2004.
This paper discusses that, throughout the 20th century, wars have had the most influential effect on how Americans define themselves and how they treated others.
1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the most significant social changes that occurred during WWI and WWII affected two major groups: African-Americans and women. The paper points out that the passage of the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote was a result of women leaving the home during WWI to work and to selling bonds. The paper states that, whereas the U.S. started the century as a neutral nation, today, the Gulf War demonstrates that the U.S. considers itself the police of the world, the savior of human rights, and the ultimate authority in international affairs.
From the Paper
"World War I began in Europe in 1914 as the result of strong nationalism as well as political and economic rivalries. What started as a local conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia soon escalated to a full-scale global war. At first, Americans wanted to remain neutral and isolated from European problems. One of the most popular songs at the time, ?I Didn?t Raise My Boy to Be a Solider,? reflected these ideals. During his reelection campaign, President Woodrow Wilson used the slogan ?He Kept Us Out of War? to win votes, and it worked. But as the months went by, more and more people began to change their opinions about the war. Reports of German U-Boats attacking American merchant ships enraged the U.S. public. German aggression soon became too much for the United States to stand and war was declared on April 6, 1917."
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20th Century American Drama, 2005.
A look at the themes in the plays of many of the great American playwrights of the 20th century.
4,595 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the various themes in the plays of such playwrights as Eugene O'Neill, Thornton Wilder, Tennessee Williams, and Arthur Miller. Themes of power, conflict, dehumanization, the immortal value of life, addressing and accepting reality, and the American dream are all touched upon in this paper.
From the Paper
"Eugene O?Neill?s play, ?The Emperor Jones (1921),? is the horrifying story of Rufus Jones, the monarch of a West Indian island, presented in a single act of eight scenes of violence and disturbing images. O?Neill?s sense of tragedy comes out undiluted in this surreal and nightmarish study of Jones? character in a mighty struggle and tension between black Christianity and black paganism (IMBD). Jones is an unforgettable character in his powerfulness and fatalness, made most evident by the support of language, sound and other stage effects, such as the dreadful drumming sounds and the Emperor?s hallucinations. This psychological drama delves into the nature of power, the inevitable pull of history and in the belief in the supernatural as these were experienced in the first two decades of the last century."
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19th and 20th Century Women in American Literature, 2004.
Examines the societal evolution of American women through works by Willa Cather, Kate Chopin, and Nella Larsen.
875 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
Nineteenth and 20th century American women have, through the years, evolved from being simple mothers, wives, and daughters to being women of true substance; that is, women who gained autonomy despite the stereotypes and stigmas given them by their society. This paper discusses how the novels, "Quicksand" by Nella Larsen, "The Awakening" by Kate Chopin, and "My Antonia" by Willa Cather, explore the issue on how womanhood and motherhood are confronted by the lead female characters and how their chosen lives led either to their downfall or success in life. The analyses of women characters in the novels show how Larsen, Chopin, and Cather have differing perspectives in confronting issues about women during their time. Larsen equates freedom among women with freedom from the responsibilities of motherhood, while Cather presents a contradicting view, asserting happiness within the individual as the true measure of a woman?s freedom in the 20th century American society.
From the Paper
"While advocating for women empowerment and freedom, Cather takes into account the value and importance of family and social interaction of women with society. Choosing the life of a mother, wife, and pioneer woman, Antonia embodies the woman of her period in a more realistic setting and situation, where contentment is achieved not through detachment from the family and society, but by integrating oneself and attaining harmonious relationships among people."
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20th Century American Science and Technology in Literature, 2003.
Discusses modern science and technology as seen in "Brave New World", "Player Piano" and "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court".
2,617 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper shows that during the early twentieth century, three writers were aware of the changing forces within American society due to its rapid industrialism and chose to expose the evils of many accepted values. Aldous Huxley, in his novel "Brave New World", presents a dystopia in which he shows what a future that is the culmination of certain aspects of the twentieth century would be like. The paper shows that in a similar fashion, Kurt Vonnegut in "Player Piano" depicts a futuristic American society which has been divided into two distinct social classes: those who run the factories and those who do not. The third novel, Mark Twain's "A Connecticut Yankee At King Arthur's Court" is clearly a satire of early twentieth century American values. The paper shows that these three commentaries on American society and industrialism reveal many of the ideologies inherent with the rapid industrialism of the United States.
From the Paper
"In A Connecticut Yankee At King Arthur's Court, Hank Morgan tries to stabilize his new society through the intervention of technology. He believes that since he is an American, he can invent any technology necessary out of any means in order to better his life. He prides himself on his inventiveness and says he owes it all to his American culture. Hank Morgan is a self-made man, an American symbol of a man with energy and the know-how to improve his life. He is the incarnation of an insightful individual who knew his own mind, had places to go, and the means to get there using his own ingenuity. Hank prides himself on his ability to control and even create the world around him. His superior feelings for himself and American culture were shared by many during the early days of industrialism in the United States. Twain simply incorporates these notions into the plot of his story."
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20th Century American Symphony, 2005.
A study of modern American symphony.
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This is a short essay detailing modern American symphony from Howard Hanson to John Williams. It starts off by stating that the symphony originated from instrumental music and how that gradually led to a symphony orchestra.
From the Paper
"In his first symphony, Piston incorporates much of what he had learned in his life. He has hints of different styles, which is a good example of how broad his studies were. In the finale, there is an energetic rhythm that blends both tradition as well as American optimism. As for all of his symphonies, they end in a grand finale."
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Victims in Contemporary African-American Literature, 2005.
Analyzes the evolution of victimization in 20th century African-American literature.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the differing aspects of economic, religious, education and gender roles have been sequentially analyzed in African-American literature. Through the works of 20th century authors, there have been steady stages of evaluations of the victim roles imparted on African- American from outside of their race, as well as those brought about by self-induced aspects of interior issues of African-Americans. The paper shows that in this manner, victimization is an evolutionary process that Ellison, Walker, Baldwin, and Wright infer within their plots, characters and racial issues in these texts.
From the Paper
"This literary study will analyze the evolution of African American literature throughout that 20^th century. By understanding the nature of economics of racism that began with Richard Wright's Native Son; the aspects religious victimization also developed in Baldwin's latter tale: Go Tell It on the Mountain. Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man "I could fly a plane if I had chance," Bigger said. "If you wasn't black and if you had some money and if they'd let you go to aviation school, you could fly a plane," Gus said "It's funny how the white folks treat us, aint it?" Bigger said. "It better be funny," Gus said (Wright 17). Gus and Bigger are two friends that relay the sense of economic disenfranchisement that a white hegemonic community has imparted upon them."
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Race in the 20th Century, 2002.
Discusses racial issues in 20th Century America, within the context of predictions on the subject by W.E.B. DuBois.
2,021 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In 1903 W. E. B. DuBois said that race would be the most important issue of the 20th century. Some have suggested that this was prescient, but viewing how the 20th century unfolded, it may have been optimistic of him. This paper examines how the 'race problem' has unfolded in 20th century America, from the the Jim Crow Laws, the segregated South and the Ku Klux Klan. The paper looks at segregation in education, sport and other areas and questions why it took so long for America to pass the Civil Rights Act. Finally, the paper looks at the progress made in America in the latter part of the century.
From the Paper
"It would be easy to despair over what has and has not happened in the last century. To us, as Americans, it seems like a very long time since the Emancipation Proclamation. It seems that in over 200 years we should have accomplished more. But the sad truth is that laws and the citizens who are supposed to follow those laws don?t always run in tandem. In fact our country has a long and honored tradition of defying laws if we feel them to be unjust, starting before the Revolutionary war when Colonists climbed onto a ship in Boston Harbor and dumped tea in the salty water rather than be denied the freedom to import their tea from whomever they chose. While it seems irrational now, in the early 1950?s, many Southerners thought that their way of handling race relations was appropriate, and they resented what they viewed as federal intrusion. The governor standing on the steps of the university, with an axe handle in his hands suggesting that he would fight armed federal soldiers for what he believed in, felt as justified in his action as the Colonists did when they tossed tea into the harbor."
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Artistic and Cultural Movements in the 20th century, 2007.
This paper portrays the trends in art, music and literature that emerged in 20th century France.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the late 19th and early 20th centuries enjoyed a prolific variety of artistic and cultural movements that forever changed the faces of visual arts, literature and music. The paper describes how the early 20th century in particular seemed to be a time ripe for intellectual and creative innovation. The paper mentions Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway and Josephine Baker as a part of this amazing community of artists. The paper illustrates how Paris of the early 20th century experienced an epidemic of creativity that spilled over and infected countries around the world and started the ripples that would eventually build up to crashing waves of major artistic movements.
From the Paper
"Paris reacted to the end of the war with absolute jubilance. It seems like a logical consequence that after facing half a decade of fear, violence, death and disease the city would explode into an atmosphere that nurtured anything that smacked of life. Drinking, drugs, sex, and the Running of the Bulls lured many up-and-coming and some already established artists to the city (Seigal 18). An unprecedented mingling of great minds and talents created such an artistically charged atmosphere left even the dullest among them inspired and eager to create. The city became an artist's Mecca, drawing in talents of all caliber and envy from those who couldn't make it."
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Propaganda in the 20th Century, 2003.
A discussion regarding David Welch's argument that propaganda "had an essential, and not always dishonorable, role in the conduct of affairs in the 20th century."
938 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the role that propaganda played in the 20th century. The paper discusses David Welch's opinion of the impact and influence that propaganda had on the 20th century, and argues against some of his arguments. The paper is written from a personal perspective.
From the Paper
"When Welch writes that "propaganda is most effective when it reinforces already held ideas and beliefs," I think he's right. The problem with that is that, though, is that the recipient of the propaganda has to be willing to receive it. If one is unwilling to believe the propaganda, it won't be effective. I think that's why so many people don't vote anymore - they're too cynical of the process and information they receive from those who want to hold office. For use on political activists on each end of the political spectrum, propaganda can be quite effective, but the disseminator of the propaganda isn't really influencing their opinions."
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Women's Labor Market Positions in the 20th Century, 2007.
An analysis of the changing conditions of the 20th century women's labor market in Canada.
2,402 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Canadian women went through a shift in their labor market position over the course of the 20th century, towards less exclusion and more entitlement to waged work. The paper shows how the division of labor has changed through the 20th century towards greater female equality in the workplace, entitlement and security. It then discusses how, in spite of the changes, women still appear to work for less income than men while also continuing with childcare duties.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
World War I
World War II
A Society Described as One Society
Reflection and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One begins to wonder too how typical working class girls were, as none of the materials seem to refer to women who went to university, took business courses, taught school, served as nurses in the World Wars or, for that matter, completed medical school in the later 19th century. A reader could get the idea that such women did not exist in Canada till the 1950s or later. One also begins to think of wives and mothers who were widows after World War I and how they managed - their work in raising children on small pensions, apparently, not something in which we should be interested, today. What do the authors see as women's paid work and why is it so very important compared to other women's achievements that perhaps do not have to do with the boring topic of class formation or industrial labour. A reader who was not curious would be given nothing with which to imagine the kinds of societies in which women lived through the early 20th century. Canada had no 'safety net' till after 1945, and this is very important in terms of how one tries to see the world to which women were born. (See Porter 2003) The custom of seeing men employed, who would then support women and children, came from something other than wishing to 'imprison' women in the home, as they were responsible for dependents where deep poverty was possible. If a man lost his income, there could be serious deprivation for several people who depended on him in the absence of state relief."
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Revolutions of the Early 20th Century, 2004.
An analysis of revolutions of the early 20th century.
1,055 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the revolutions in India, Mexico, and Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper presents a brief history of the British occupation of India, leading up to the unrest around the time of World War I. The paper describes the Mexican Revolution as one of the great social upheavals of the early 20th century and explores the economic difficulties of the country. The paper analyzes the Russian Revolution of 1917, claiming that it was a result of a strain on the political system due to Russia becoming more industrialized.
From the Paper
"India came under British rule in 1757 with the ?defeat of the Nawab of Bengal at Plassey, and by 1818 the British controlled nearly all of India south of the Sutlej River and had reduced to vassalage their most powerful Indian enemies, the state of Mysore and the Marathas. Only Sind and Punjab remained completely independent (Unknown).? While Great Britain controlled the agricultural interests of India and created a negative impact on the exportation of cotton goods, they were instrumental in improving irrigation and transportation."
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Changes in the 20th Century, 2005.
A discussion on whether the 20th century could be considered a Renaissance period.
938 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the United States and Europe saw a number of changes during the 20th century. It compares the two in terms of science and technology, religion, politics and economics, leisure time, the roles of women, art, music and literature, and fashion and debates whether it can be seen as a time of Renaissance.
Outline
Introduction
Science and Technology
Religion, Politics, and Economics
Leisure Time
Roles of Women
Music, Art, Literature, and Fashion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the 1960s, the United States began to lose some of its power, due to incidences such as the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War. However, Europe had recovered from World War II, and "slowly began to put its footprints on the world arena. Germany still suffering from the shame of Nazism, plunged itself into an economic revolution, and slowly became a first class economic power in the early 1970s. Under the leadership of Charles De Gaulle, France quickly established itself a niche in Europe by serving the central point for economic integration (Asmar, 1999)."
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