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The Comparative Advantage Gains from Trade, 1996.
Discusses comparative trade theory, wherein nations assess their production strengths & weaknesses & create trade pacts that serve each accordingly.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The Comparative Advantage Gains from Trade
Introduction
It is important to not confuse the terms "comparative" and "competitive" as they apply to the goals and ideals of world trade. Kennedy and Koelim (1996) find that "despite this wide acceptance in the professional community, the basics of international trade are still poorly understood by many policy makers and casual commentators" (1). The "comparative advantage" theory has been a part of international economic studies since it was created by David Ricardo, an economist who lived in the 17th century.
Ricardo's theory was that each nation has good points and bad points in its economy. In the classic example of two countries, Ricardo sets up a model where Germany and France only.."
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Free Trade vs. Managed Trade, 2002.
A comparison of free trade to managed trade in today's global economy.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the values of free trade to managed trade. It begins by defining trade and identifying the ideal trade. The paper argues that free trade is the best policy to increase prosperity and equality in a capitalist society. It describes managed trade as the current situation, as tariffs and trade policy try to create fair grounds for commerce between two nations, as seen through the example of Japan and the United States. The writer states that protectionist policies, as used in managed trade, have been the anthem of the past and have led to war and conflict.
From the Paper
"Trade is the exchange of goods and services between two countries. In order for trade to be successful, both sides must perceive that they benefit from the exchange, or the trade will not take place. In a perfect world, both parties go away from the trade happy that they have ridded themselves of something of which they have surplus, and gained something of value to them. However, in the real world, this does not happen all of the time and one party or the other walks away feeling ?cheated.?
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Free Trade/ Fair Trade, 2007.
An argumentative essay on the benefits of fair trade over free trade.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how those that promote free trade claim that overall production and profit is the highest good, and define efficiency and success as the ability to produce great quantities and great profit with a business. Those in support of fair trade, however, point out that productivity itself is not a good, but is only useful inasmuch as it improves the lives of the mass of people. The paper examines whether
countries should be allowed to protect their industries with tariffs or control them with regulations, despite the concerns or desires of other countries.
From the Paper
"Of these two arguments, Morris' is by far the most convincing, in part because he is far more holistic in his analysis of the situation. Irwin focuses primarily on the over-all financial gains for nations, but does not specify who those gains go to. Though he seems to believe that an overall per capita increase in national product will raise national standards of living, he seldom produces evidence to this effect and does not take into consideration that what may be true for one nation, such as Japan, would not be true for another nation which was emerging from a long history of serious economic depression (such as former colonies). Moreover, he seems to confuse personal well being with the well being of the international money market."
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The World Trade Organization And Trade Policies, 2002.
Examines the effects of the WTO on government trade policies in many countries such as China.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The World Trade Organization has an effect on developing governmental policies concerning trade in many countries such as China.
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Trade Spaces in "Trading Spaces", 2002.
A representation of hegemonic masculinity in the popular television series "Trading Spaces".
3,010 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The textual analysis of the TV series "Trading Spaces" explores the possibility of interchanging gender roles in this home improvement showcase. A strong case is built on the unchanging male hegemony. However, the paper shows that the series does focus, in a particular way, on issues of gender and power, and especially on the supposedly changing nature of masculinity. Provides limitless examples from the show to exemplify gendered television.
From the Paper
"Since its launch in September 2000 as a late-afternoon show, Trading Spaces has regularly scored a 2 or 3 household rating in its universe in prime time, according to Neilson Media Research data, peaking one Saturday evening in April at a 3:2 for an episode featuring the Dixie Chicks. With that all-time household record for TLC, Trading Spaces also beat out all broadcast networks in delivery of adults 18-49 that night (the network regularly ranks in the top 10 of all cable networks in delivery of adults 18-49 and adults 25-54). By the conclusion of its third season, Trading Spaces will have taped 65 new episodes compared to last season?s 40, and can be seen in 70 million homes in America, and internationally in Canada, Japan, Australia, Thailand, and the Philippines (Foege)."
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First-Mover Advantage in the On-Line Industry, 2004.
An exploration of the myth of first-moving companies and the accompanying strategic implications.
2,787 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how first-mover advantage is often an insurmountable gain by the first significant company to enter a new market and how there are numerous strategic implications of being a first-mover within the on-line industry. It looks at how, while there has been much discussion over first-mover benefits within such a dynamic industry, there has also been a great deal of criticism concerning the validity of this claim. Industry experts argue that there is no first-mover advantage. It explores the advantages of being a first-mover contrasted with a follower, the conditions that must be present for a first-mover to prevail and the ?myth? of the first-mover concept. Case studies of both first-mover successes and failures pertaining to the online industry are also examined.
Outline
1.0 Introduction
2.0 The History of First-Mover Advantage
3.0 First-Mover Advantages and Disadvantages
3.1 First-Mover Advantages
3.2 First-Mover Disadvantages
4.0 Conditions Affecting First-Mover Success
5.0 The Myth of the First-Mover Advantage
5.1 Measuring First-Mover Advantage
5.2 Research Supporting First-Mover Advantage
5.3 Research Challenging First-Mover Advantage
6.0 Strategic Implications
7.0 Case Studies
7.1 First-Mover Successes
7.2 First-Mover Failures
7.3 Case Study Key Learnings
8.0 Conclusion
Appendix A: Advantages of First-Movers
Appendix B: Previous Research Findings
Endnotes
From the Paper
"The concept of a first-mover-advantage is by no means a new phenomenon, but during the Internet boom, the term became highly fashionable and was touted as instrumental to an entrant?s success. The belief was that the first company to stake out a business category would inevitably dominate the market. This principle was reinforced by the fact that there were successful first-movers who immediately became industry legends. Journalists and market researchers used the concept to explain the rise of such upstarts as Amazon - the first large online bookstore, eBay - the first online auction service, and Yahoo - the first Web directory. Consultants around the world strongly urged their clients to enter new areas of business, particularly in the online industry, in which first-mover advantage soon became a religion."
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Capital-Gains Tax, 1990.
This paper explores the capital-gains tax issue in the United States: Pros and cons of arguments involving reduction in the tax rate, tax on inflation, cost of capital and creating short-term windfall.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 14 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"This research explores the capital-gains tax issue in the United States. The major controversy concerns whether or not to reduce the tax rate on capital-gains to some level below that for ordinary income, which is the basis for the taxation of capital-gains under the Tax Reform Act (TRA) of 1986. Although the proposal by the Bush Administration to reduce the tax rate on capital-gains was defeated in the Senate in the fall of 1989, the issue remains very much alive.
The nation's media generally and the Bush Administration more specifically have attempted to portray the controversy over the capital-gains tax as a liberal/conservative clash. Such a depiction suits the Administration, because, as was true of the Reagan Administration which preceded it, it hopes to make points ... "
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Who Gains from Growth?, 2005.
This paper examines the theories of Adam Smith, Karl Marx and Thomas Malthus on the subject of economic growth.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the theories of political and economic thinkers such as Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Thomas Malthus, who have sought to explain which segments of an economy gain from economic growth. The paper discusses that their theories often cannot provide conclusive answers as Richard Lewis observes in his discussion of labor supply implications. The paper explains that for example, Lewis notes in "Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor" that in many economies, an unlimited supply of labor is available at a subsistence wage. Subsequently, if a neo-classical Keynesian model is applied to such an economy, erroneous results will be obtained.
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Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTAs), 2005.
This paper examines if preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are trade diverting or trade expanding.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the cost of trade diverting because of the efficiency costs of regional trade arrangements is larger than preferential trade agreement (PTA) proponents recognize. The author points out that these costs arise because (1) the claim that regional trade arrangements minimize trade diversion by grouping natural trading partners is wrong and because (2) the volume of trade flows between countries, another popular indicator, is not a good proxy of naturalness. The paper concludes that these two critiques of the static welfare effects of preferential trading arrangements suggest that the trade diverting effects are likely to be larger and the trade-creating effects are likely to be smaller than proponents of PTAs claim.
Table of Contents
Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTAs) through Free Trade Arrangements
Whether PTAs are Trade Expanding or Trade Diverting?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), an initiative that brings together nineteen countries on both sides of the Pacific, was launched in 1989. The apparent shift in world trading arrangements has generated debate within policy and academic circles about the implications for global economic welfare. One set of protagonists in that debate, including high profile members of Clinton's economic team, such as Lawrence Summers, actively promotes PTAs."
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U.S. Trade and Policy Interests and Morocco, 2002.
An analysis of U.S. trade and foreign policy, discussing how trade is not being used for economic reasons alone, but to forward foreign policy, democracy and the benefit of free markets and development throughout the world.
2,410 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The following paper discusses the case of Morocco, a strategically-situated moderate Arab country that can leverage the current geo-political situation to achieve economic gains in trade and development during a time when the U.S. is looking for all the friends in the Arab world it can get.
From the Paper
"The United States? trade policy has developed in a schizophrenic manner over the last fifty years; for much of the 20th century, Americans generally supported a U.S. trade policy of removing barriers to international commerce and encouraging a freer flow of trade and investment among nations; at this time, support for free trade extended from union leaders to the major business organizations and to consumer groups such as the League of Women Voters. However, by the end of that decade, the broad pro-trade consensus was wavering. Domestic industries, notably steel and automobiles, began to suffer from rising foreign competition, unemployment became an enduring experience for many factory workers and the membership of the major industrial unions declined substantially."
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The Free Trade and the Americas, 2005.
This paper discusses the existing trend toward free trade, especially the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA).
1,930 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the trend toward regional economic integration has produced organizations, such as the EU, African Union, and Association of Southeast Asian Nations, serving the interests of many smaller nations by allowing them to attain more power in their foreign policy by acting collectively within; however, the key factor among all of the organizations, with the exception of NAFTA ,is that the member nations have comparatively similar economies in terms of GDP per capita, manufacturing sectors, and agriculture. The author points out that, surprisingly, the U.S. has done little to expand its trade relations with the other Western Hemisphere countries; however, the negotiations for the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and the subsequent establishment of a common market in the Western Hemisphere, which be the largest trade group in the world, is one of the most prudent mechanisms for the U.S. to strengthen relations with key allies and propagate its global economic preeminence. The paper relates that the most significant objection, especially by Brazil, involves the agricultural subsidies given to US farmers, which will skew market costs and competition between U.S. and Brazilian farm products.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Free Trade Area of the Americas
Strategy for the Resolution of Disagreements over the FTAA
Geo-Strategic Implications of the FTAA
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In order to revive FTAA talks and lead to a finalization of the agreement, three major areas require important changes: the administrations of the involved nations, the resolution of differences halting negotiations and a concerted effort to curb domestic political resistance to the FTAA. First, recent history has shown that the current administrations in many of the countries involved in the FTAA are unwilling to compromise on conflicting goals. While the Bush administration has made expanding free trade a high priority, its tenuous relations with the Chavez regime will continue to lead to subsequent Venezuelan actions to undermine US efforts. The forthcoming US presidential elections in 2008 or a resolution of the electoral controversy surrounding Chavez could bring a change in circumstances in this arena."
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Brazil-USA International Trade, 2004.
This paper reviews trade and trade issues between Brazil and the USA.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explores trade and trade issues between Brazil and the USA. The paper details the principal export products and examines the controversies in international trade between the USA and Brazil regarding access to markets. The paper includes the balance of trade.
From the Paper
"This paper reviews international trade between Brazil and the United States. The principal products exported by Brazil to the United States are manufactured goods, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, automobiles and steel. The United States accounts for ? percent of Brazil's total exports The principal products imported by Brazil from the United States are machinery and equipment, chemical products, oil, electricity, automobiles and automobile parts. The United States accounts for ? percent of Brazil's total imports."
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WTO and Global Trade, 2007.
An analysis of the views that support and are critical of global trade and the World Trade Organization.
972 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the free trade that it supports. The paper presents and discusses the debate over the WTO and free trade and presents the views of those who support it and are critical of it. It examines the fundamental inequality in global trade that is fostered by the WTO and suggests that global trade serves to support the wealth and power of a global economic elite.
From the Paper
"As this example suggests, while global trade and its associated wealth may be expanding rapidly - a process which the WTO seems to support - in many cases this expansion serves to promote inequality on a global scale instead of shared prosperity. When we consider that only 1/200th of the price of an average coffee beverage is actually paid to the original harvester of the crop, we can understand the extraordinary profits made at different middle stages of the trade before coffee is actually consumed in the wealthy markets of the world. The expanding and highly profitable global trade in coffee thus allows us to understand that while trade may expand and greater wealth is created as a result, this does not necessarily have to be equally or fairly distributed wealth. In fact, in many cases, global trade seems to support greater inequality."
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Trade Liberalization, 2007.
This paper explores different viewpoints on the subject of free trade and trade liberalization.
1,012 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews five articles on the subject of trade liberalization and argues that trade liberalization has been revealed to be largely a global good. The paper uses Asia as an example to illustrate how free trade contributed to its phenomenal growth and current wealth. The paper points out that while there have been social problems associated with free trade, these can be addressed by policy initiatives. The paper concludes that trade liberalization has created wealth and economic growth and thus should be promoted as much as possible.
From the Paper
"In the Business Week special issue "Global Capitalism: Can it Be Made to Work" the record of globalization is examined with a level of criticism that is remarkable for a "business" publication. The opening article by Engardio and Belton sets the tone for the issue in contending that: "The plain truth is that market liberalisation by itself does not life all boats" (Engardio and Belton 73). The authors argue that globalization has led to extraordinary economic disparities which carry the long-term danger - if the world's poor do not see the benefits from free trade - of the unravelling of globalized capitalism (Engardio and Belton 75). The authors cite studies that indicate that there is "no automatic link between openness and growth in developing countries" (Engardio and Belton 75)."
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