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Adult Education, 2008.
This paper explores two articles on the topic of adult learning; "Adults as Learners", by Stephen Lieb and "Issues in Understanding Adult Learning", by Stephen Brookfield.
1,409 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper first examines the article, "Adults as Learners", by Stephen Lieb, which discusses the characteristics of adult learning. The paper contrasts this to the article "Issues in Understanding Adult Learning", where Stephen Brookfield challenges the concept that adults have a radically different pattern, style and willingness to learn from the way children and adolescents learn. The paper looks at the impact of these two articles on the training and development field and concludes that the tips provided by Lieb will allow adults to be taught new material, while at the same time the concerns of Brookfield should be given attention. The paper notes that as the need for learning expands to a global level, it is important to determine which of the experts is correct.
From the Paper
"Andragogy is the term used for the theory of adult learning. The theory was developed because experts in the field of learning recognized that educating young students produces an entirely different set of circumstances and needs, than educating adults brings forth. Students who are not yet adults bring very little to the table by way of life experiences and the education path is significantly more instructor driven than adult learning situations can create(Noe, 2004). For this reason the adult learning theory was created."
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Adult Education in Community Colleges.
This paper is a literature review of the effects of adult attachment on adult education in community colleges.
9,765 words (approx. 39.1 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 198.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there is more involved in the educational process than class and book work, particularly as it applies to adult learners; therefore, educators today are becoming increasingly concerned with concomitant learning, such the student's relationship with their teachers and fellow students and friendships. The author reviews many theories of development and need, such as the work of Maslow, Freud, Piaget, Tisdell, and Erikson. The paper discusses, in detail, adult education and concludes that, since most adult learning is voluntary, adults have the choice to drop out of programs that do not meet their specific requirements, including efficient and affable learning environments.
Table of Contents
Review of the Relevant Literature
Background and Overview
Human Development and Learning
Figure 1 Abraham Maslow's Theory of Hierarchy of Needs
Adult Attachment
Current Trends and Research into Adult Attachment
The Peer/Romantic Partner Tradition
Adult Attachment's Impact on Learning in Community Colleges
Summary
From the Paper
"Perhaps the central accomplishment in personality development is the establishment of specific and enduring emotional bonds, or attachments, with other people." The individual an infant becomes emotionally attached to is known as the target of attachment; such targets of attachment are generally those people who have shown a predilection to respond most consistently, predictably, and appropriately to the infant's signals; this person is generally the mother, but the father and others eventually play an important role in this regard as well. In the last few years, there has been no single area of research in personality and social psychology that has attracted more interest than the application of attachment theory to the study of adult relationships."
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Adult Education and the Internet, 2004.
A look at the relationship between higher education, the Internet, and the adult learner.
5,316 words (approx. 21.3 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the concept of using the Internet in the pursuit of higher education is not exactly new, but what has changed, however, is the increasing legitimacy and widespread use of the Internet in the pursuit of higher education, from the research of traditional college students to the complete education of students enrolled in ?online universities? and courses. It looks at how adult students face unique challenges when they utilize the Internet as part of their education in ways that mirror the issues they face within other instructional modalities and how, in seeking to understand just how adults learn, these issues must be viewed collectively, for general adult learner/adult education studies must be considered as a whole along with the added factors arising out of the use of technology. It is in this synthesis that a good understanding of the behavior of adult learners in Internet/distance courses can be understood.
Outline
The Adult Learner and Adult Education
Learning Theories and Processes in Adults
Developmental Issues
Theory and Practice
Technology and the Adult Learner
Ethical Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Clearly the use of the Internet as an educational technology (when this problem is not acknowledged and dealt with) can allow the drawbacks of experiential contextualization to persist, where, perhaps in a traditional learning environment?one that includes students of varying age, experience, cultural and ideological background, and one that forces the adult learner?s participation in discussion and dialogue--the vantage points of other students may have a greater influence and changing effect. Here, awareness of the problem can be an important tool in developing and implementing ?online courses,? for educators can employ discussion groups online that have the ability to closely mimic physical classroom participation."
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Adult Education, 2005.
An in-depth research paper looking at how we can best help adults learn more effectively.
27,254 words (approx. 109.0 pages), 60 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews available literature in order to find a practical and consistent way to plan and organize instruction that can enhance adult learners' motivation to master any subject and looks at ways for instructors to enhance adult learners' motivation during the process of instruction when they are face-to-face with adult learners. The paper also considers whether a modified version of the third generation formula for sales can be an effective tool for adult education program delivery. Next, the paper looks at new models that can be introduced that will facilitate collaboration between student/consumers/customer and teacher/learning activities provider. Additionally, the paper examines whether a motivationally based theory of instruction for adults can be constructed by blending components of adult motivational theories with those of adult learning theories. Finally, the paper looks at whether a motivationally based theory of instruction can be applied in practical and concrete ways to aid adult educators in designing, planning, and delivering instruction that enhances the adult learners' intrinsic motivation to learn.
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Data Analysis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"A primary goal of educating younger learners is to challenge them without frustrating them; by sharp contrast, a fundamental goal in educating the adult learner is to help him or her achieve personal growth and improvement in pursuit of the larger objectives of career advancement or professional development. The demands on adult learners today require a new model, that of lifelong learning. "It is a model foreseen for the last quarter of a century by various policymakers and educators. But systems for lifelong learning are not new" (Marsick, 1998, p. 119). The systems that are in place across the country are not new, but they are also ill-prepared for the explosive growth in adult learners seeking services today and in the future."
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Education: Adult Learning and Technology, 2004.
A thorough overview of the options available for adult learning in the new technological era.
24,652 words (approx. 98.6 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the adoption of new technologies to address the challenges of the delivery system in the adult education programs. The old and new technologies both are useful in the process. It explains how education must be so designed as to incorporate the most suitable technology that provides effective learning, cost effectively, and assisting people in quick learning. The suitability of the technology and its appropriate use in the educational process enables the learners to attain higher skills necessary to cope with the growing universalization. The writer states that it is therefore imperative that the choice of technology should be made with due care and is backed by proper design and planning. Concurrent assessment of the performance of the adopted technology should be under taken at regular intervals, and supplementation should be made for ensuring the better integration of the technologies. Technology cannot be avoided in the name of economy. Adult education is considered to be the most neglected area of education in terms of the financial allocations and, therefore, cannot be neglected in exploiting the available technological potentialities.
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion
Software Used in Adult Education
Use of Video in Adult Learning
Use of Microcomputers for Adult Learning
Use of Technology in Adult Education in the Various States
Technology in Literacy Mission: Technology in Libraries
Use of Technology in Distance Education
Advantages of the Use of Technology in Adult Learning
Limitations of the Use of Technology in Adult Education
Recommendations
Rectifying the Limitations of Technology in Adult Education
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The transition of present day world is seen towards a more liberal and universal one. The individuals are required to know the ways to keep pace with the dynamism in order to cater to the needs of dynamic world along with simultaneous interaction for productively keeping hold of the associated systems. In order to make available an efficient educational atmosphere and cater to the educational needs of the common individuals in a cost effective and suitable manner it is essential to find out the better approaches. Improvement in the literacy mission is possible through technology. The technology assists in the construction of educational atmosphere that is best fit for meeting the requirements and goals and for making available new avenues to those that have no access to the previous learning systems. It encourages the students to be more resourceful and pioneering. The technology has reformulated our vision to deal with information, laying emphasis on self education from conventional teaching, making education a process through out life rather than confining to a particular period."
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Older Adult Education, 2007.
This paper explores the inclusion of older adults in higher education.
3,777 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a summary of the literature recommending the self-directed learning technique for adult students. The paper discusses the history of older adult education and the modern challenges facing older adult students. The paper looks at the self-directed learning theory as well as other approaches to adult learning. The paper examines factors that are instrumental in implementing a successful adult education plan. The paper concludes that despite the undeniable problems facing the inclusion of older adults in higher education, the benefits to the community and individual are irrefutable.
Outline:
Introduction
A History of Older Adult Education
Modern Challenges Facing Older Adult Students
Self-Directed Learning
Other Approaches to Adult Learning
Suggested Teaching Plans
Conclusion: The Future for Older Students
From the Paper
"Historically, the concept of whether or not older adults are an integral part of the education system has caused considerable debate. Contention has raged for decades over the importance of older adults in higher education, the validity of the acceptance of older students and whether approaches to adult learning should differ compared to that of younger students. The general consensus today is that older adults are becoming an increasingly meaningful part of the education sector as more and more adults find themselves with leisure time and a desire to learn the technological advances occurring around them. This trend is exacerbated by modern conditions such as an aging population, the popularity of retirement and early retirement, and the tendency for people to go through several career changes over the course of their life (as opposed to the earlier half of the last century, when an individual typically remained in the same profession for the course of their life). As growing evidence suggests that the needs and learning preferences of older adults differ from that of younger, traditional students, the burgeoning fashion of adult education indicates a theoretical examination of the situation is prudent."
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Heart Disease in Young Adults, 2008.
This paper explores heart disease in young adults and its prevention.
1,563 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how coronary heart disease has continued to decline among older adults, but has stopped declining among younger adults. The paper first explores the causes of heart disease that include hereditary factors, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyles and alcohol consumption. Next, the paper explains that the lifestyle differences between older adults and younger adults sheds light on the higher levels of heart disease among younger adults. The paper concludes that although many of these risk factors are under our control, various elements of American social culture currently militate against making more responsible choices on the part of many contemporary young adults.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Hereditary Factors
Smoking
Obesity
Sedentary Lifestyles and Alcohol Consumption
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Between 1980 and 2002, death rates from coronary heart disease fell significantly for American adults 35 and older. However, during the last half of that period, the rates of decline differed substantially between young adults between 35 and 54 and their older counterparts. According to studies presented in a report in the November 27th issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology co-authored by Dr. Earl S. Ford, a medical officer in the U.S. Public Health Service, coronary disease in men between 35 and 54 declined, on average, 6.2 percent per year in the 1980s but only by 2.3 percent in the 1990s, after which the rate of decline continued to drop even further, reaching an annual reduction rate of only 0.5 percent between 2000 and 2002 (Edelson, 2007)."
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Adult Development, 2001.
This paper discusses the concept of adult development explaining the role of work in adult development. It will focus on why people work and one?s views on work or leisure.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of adult development explaining the role of work in adult development. It will focus on why people work and one?s views on work or leisure.
From the paper:
Before the start of the industrial revolution in the late nineteenth century, people of all ages inhabited the same social world. Children of all ages were educated together. Children and teenagers worked alongside adults on farms and in factories. Several generations often started one household. Neither children nor old people were set apart from the rest of society on the grounds that they were too young or too old to participate. By the middle of the twentieth century, age consciousness had emerged and people in developed cultures had become accustomed to thinking of life as a progression of distinct ages. Medical students had established pediatrics, the treatment of children and geriatrics, and the treatment of old people. Birthday celebrations had become a commercial enterprise.
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Adult Development, 2006.
An in-depth study of adult development.
2,187 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the role age plays in the development of humans, focusing on the adult years. The author discusses how development can be effected by biological, cognitive, psychological and spiritual changes. Each of these is interlinked and a change in one field causes changes in all others. This paper sheds light in the ways aging and adult development would affect men and women falling into various age ranges.
Table of Contents:
Adult Development Case Study Analysis: Profiles of Adult Development
The Middle and Later Years
Woman: Age Forty to Age Sixty
Woman: Age Sixty to Age Eighty
Woman: Age Eighty and Above
Man: Age Forty to Age Sixty
Man: Age Sixty to Age Eighty
Man: Age Eighty and Above
Adult Development: Age Forty to Age Sixty
Adult Development: Age Sixty to Age Eighty
Adult Development: Age Eighty and Above
From the Paper
"As mentioned earlier, the age forty marks the point where the peak abilities have passed, including cognitive abilities, "for perceptual speed and numerical ability, performance peaks before midlife and declines through midlife and into old age" (Martin and Zimprich, 2005).
However, this age also requires participation in activities requiring high cognitive abilities, "midlife might be characterized by cognitively demanding activities and relatively high levels of cognitive performance" (Martin and Zimprich, 2005). Although individual environment affect the cognitive development in all stages of life, the play a particular in midlife, "in middle adulthood, after having reached a high level, cognitive performance will be shaped strongly by individual environments" (see Sternberg et al., 2001). As cited by Martin for the Seattle Longitudinal Study, "The data suggest that for inductive reasoning, vocabulary, verbal memory, and spatial orientation, the average performance peaks occur in the ages from the early 40s to 60s, with fluid intelligence abilities showing earlier declines than crystallized abilities" (Schaie, 1996)."
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Adult Attachment Styles, 2006.
This paper discuses adult attachment styles, which are the ways adults form special emotional relationships with other people.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper describes four basic adult attachment styles: the secure/autonomous style, the dismissing/avoidant style, the preoccupied style and the unclassifiable/disorganized style. The author stresses that early attachment styles are established in childhood through the infant-caregiver relationship. The paper relates that, regardless of the type of adult attachment style, communication is one critical item that will help people have lasting relationships. The author urges that persons not be labeled by their attachment style because they can re-train themselves to develop more positive behavior.
Table of Contents:
Defined
Secure / Autonomous Style
Dismissing / Avoidant Style
Preoccupied Style
Unclassifiable / Disorganized Style
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As these children grow into adults, the effects are also positive. Children who are securely attached tend to have trusting, long-term relationships in their adulthood. As adults and being securely attached, these same individuals have a great understanding and perspective on important relationships in their lives. They demonstrate a forgiving attitude toward their mate and tend to show compassion for others. They tend to speak of how their past experiences have influenced their present feelings and relationships."
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Education for Adults, 2006.
This paper discusses the history of adult education.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that adult education occurs in two forms; adult basic education (ABE) and continuing education. ABE is delivered to students who are adults and have not received a certain level of proficiency in areas corresponding to computation or literacy. Continuing education is available to adults who have completed basic education and are seeking to engage in an enhanced learning process, such as post-secondary education. This paper explores the history of adult education and demonstrates that the availability of both ABE and continuing adult education have improved the overall quality-of-life for its participants.
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Enhancing Adult Literacy through Technology, 2007.
This paper describes an adult literacy initiative using technology as an aide.
11,386 words (approx. 45.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 223.95
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Abstract
This high-level paper examines adult literacy education through use of technology. According to the study, this approach enhances the learning experience and outcomes of the adult learner. This is accomplished through technological aides in the classroom and in distance learning initiatives. The adult literacy programs were implemented in order to train and retrain adult workers in order to optimize the workforce. The findings of this study also show that the adult learner and the world-at-large benefits from this enhancement in the educational provision of the adult literacy learner.
Table of Contents:
Discussion of Literature Reviewed
Findings of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Recommendations of the Study
Bibliography
From the Paper
"This research proposes that just as an adult must be literate in the languages, technology is in essence a language as well in which literacy acquisition begets the acquisition of literacy, which may indeed be transferable across-literacy just as language principles are transferable across language learning for the bilingual student. Technology is global in nature and is that spoken worldwide in many initiatives, efforts and processes. Technology is 'key' in adult literacy acquisition both in terms of the tools and aides provided and in the acquisition of the language of technology as well. "
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Juveniles Tried As Adults, 2007.
This paper argues that juveniles should to be tried in adult courts for violent crimes.
1,561 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that if minors who commit violent crimes were tried as adults and punished as adults, the number of violent crimes committed by youths would decline. The paper discussses how minors could receive psychological help so that upon their eventual release they become productive members of society and not threats to helpless victims. The paper argues that a transfer to adult court should be available in all cases of violent crimes committed by people in their teenage years.
From the Paper
"With so many people concerned about the increase in violent crimes in our society, the logical place to begin the process of changing this dangerous trend is with the nation's youth. If minors who commit violent crimes were tried as adults and punished as adults, the number of violent crimes committed by youths would decline. Consequently, in the future the number of violent crimes in general would decline as stiffer penalties and punishments would be used to keep violent offenders in prison for longer sentences. Violent crimes can be defined as murder, rape, armed robbery, aggravated assault, larceny-theft and the like depending on state law (pbs.org)."
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The Adult Learner, 2004.
This paper discusses motivating the adult learner.
3,610 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that variations in the approaches to adult education and its delivery systems must be compatible with the results-oriented, learner-centered, and technology-based educational needs of the adult learner. The author points out that the success of adult education is dependent upon the role of instructors because adult learners consider instructors to be co-partners, assisting them in their learning system. The paper states that the core of motivating adult learners is to make them aware of the basic objectives of pursuing their education and reducing the various obstacles to their learning.
From the Paper
"A difference in the objectives of pursuing education by the children and adults are being noticed. The burden of the adults needs to be equilibrated with their basic goals of pursuing education. The different responsibilities of the adult learners inhibit their active participation in the education process. Besides, inadequate time, self-confidence, prospects of learning, inappropriate scheduling, delay, responsibilities of childcare etc also inhibits the learning process of adult learners. Practically, the report cards and gold medals do not drive the adult learners. They are more interested in practical learning experience that is capable of being used in their day-to-day working life. They, therefore, prefer more practical classes that increased their skill to the traditional theoretical classes. To exemplify, the adult leaner is more interested in learning a spreadsheet software package after knowing its usefulness in his working environment."
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Adult Education Philosophies, 2005.
This paper discusses five adult education philosophies and their application to the classroom.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that adult education, or andragogy as it is called, has been in existence practically since the founding of the country and, today, has become a major educational field used to empower millions of adults across the United States. The author discusses five philosophies, which have been created to explain and to improve the practices related to educating adults in the United States: The liberal, humanist, progressive, behavioral and radical philosophies. The paper stresses that the philosophical approach or combination of approaches must fit the specific needs of the adult learn and may vary for that learner from situation to situation; therefore, the learner needs to understand their own goals.
Table of Contents
The Progressive Philosophy
The Behaviorist Philosophy
The Humanist Philosophy
The Radical Philosophy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Like the progressive philosophy, behaviorism is also focused on scientific means to achieve its end. Education occurs within a controlled environment, with objectives that can be measured. The educational goal is then to change the learner's behavior only through environmental stimuli, without a concern for any other aspects of humanity such as emotion. The objective here is only to change behavior according to specific goals such as competency and programmed learning. Occupational training and professional development programs have benefited from this philosophy. The focus is heavily on stimulus-response designs in order to stimulate new behavior."
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