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Adolescent Depression and Suicide, 2005.
A discussion of various forms of teenage depression and resulting suicide.
4,878 words (approx. 19.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why it is important to look at the problem of adolescent depression and suicide from the perspective of the different kinds of disorders that cause it. The writer claims that there is a need to study the ways that these disorders can be managed so that the depression can be reduced and the risk of suicide lessened. In order to do that, the paper examines major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and bipolar disorder. It also includes a literature review that deals with treatment, including various approaches that are being used or have been used in the past to treat depression and the risk of suicide in the adolescent population. Suicide also has a section devoted to it, dealing with the various risk factors and why adolescents choose to take their own lives. Prevention is also discussed, and the usefulness of the research findings are dealt with and tied into the recommendations that will have to be made for the future of this issue.
Introduction
Types of Mood Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
Risk Factors in Major Depression
Dysthymic Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Literature Review - Treatment of Mood Disorders
Validity and Reliability of Studies
Psychodynamic Approaches
Behavioral Approaches
Biological Approaches
Antidepressant Drugs
Drug Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Depression
Suicide
Why do Children and Adolescents Commit Suicide?
Who Commits Suicide?
Risk Factors for Suicide
How can Children/Adolescent Suicide be Prevented?
Usefulness in the Field of Social Work
How Useful are the Research Findings?
How Will These Findings Make a Difference for Practitioners?
Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Research
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The different types of mood disorders are one of the most important things that should be discussed. These various mood disorders can all lead to depression. However, since depression can be caused by several things, it is vital that there is an understanding about the mood disorders, what they are, and what they mean for treatment options where adolescents are concerned. The first type of mood disorder is major depressive disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is widely utilized to determine whether an individual may have major depressive disorder, and whether they have experienced a major depressive episode. An episode such as this can be indicated by various things, but generally it must have at least five of the following characteristics for two weeks or more: depressed mood; loss of interest or pleasure; significant weight or appetite change; insomnia or hypersomnia; psychomotor agitation or retardation; fatigue or loss of energy; feelings of inappropriate guilt or worthlessness; diminished ability to think or concentrate; and/or recurrent thoughts or death or suicide (Stanard, 2000)."
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Adolescent Depression And Suicide, 2002.
Summarizes possible causes of depression and teenage suicide.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
Summarizes possible causes of depression and teenage suicide. Risk factors identified by psychologists and clinicians. External contributors (gender, birth order, substance abuse, social pressure, unstable families, conduct disorder). Internal contributors (hopelessness, coping skill deficits). Negative outcomes.; academic problems. Need to develop prevention tools. Paper contains many quotations.
From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
Depression has become a multi-million dollar industry. Mainstream daily life offers many stressful life events that are compounded by external stimuli such as the media. Too often, adolescents have received blame for acting out rather than receiving focus for reacting within. "The self is a multi-faceted dynamic entity that is involved in the construction of meaning, mediating and regulating emotions and motivating actions" (Orbach, Mikulincer, Stein, & Cohen, 1998, p. 435). With teenage suicide purported to be epidemic and rising, it is essential that the adolescent "self" be examined so preventive tools may be exacted and implemented. "Adolescent depression has also been shown to predict a variety of negative outcomes, including: academic problems, marital difficulties, delinquency ..."
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Adolescent Depression and the Family, 2002.
Looking at the causes and treatment of adolescent depression and its effect on the family.
7,057 words (approx. 28.2 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 158.95
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Abstract
Teen depression is a serious condition that has been largely ignored until recent events in the media focused more attention to the seriousness of the problem. This research examines the attitudes and past research concerning teen depression. It examines past attitudes and clinical treatments of the past. Many of these ideas and treatments have been found to be largely ineffective in dealing with the problem. This research examines literature regarding these treatments and supports the hypothesis through this literature that teen depression can only be diagnosed and treated through a holistic approach that focuses on the entire family and the many relationships in which a teen is involved. This research examines the causes, diagnoses, and treatment of adolescent depression.
I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
A. Methods for Conducting the Review
B. Factors That May Lead to Adolescent Depression
C. The Family and Teen Depression
D. Treatment Options for Teen Depression
III. Conclusion
IV. Works Cited
From the Paper
"The adolescent years are a time of great confusion for many teens. Their bodies are growing and going through many changes. Many of these are hormonal and can cause a wide variety of emotional reactions. This all comes at a time when they are shedding their childhood and trying to define themselves and become the adults that they soon will become. It is normal for all teens to go through a time of doubt and suffer some emotional turmoil and even depression at times. often this depression is short-lived and can be considered a normal part of growing up.
Because of these changes and the fact that teens often go through emotional swings, real teenage depression has often been misdiagnosed, or simply attributed to a ?stage? they the teen is going through. Until recently, it was not even considered possible that teens could suffer from true clinical depression. It was thought that depression had a Freudian cause and that teens were incapable of suffering from real depression. Depression was considered a normal part of adolescence."
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Adolescent Depression, 2006.
This paper examines the relationship between adolescent depression and poor family communication.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This is the introductory portion of a research paper based on the hypothesis: "Poor family communication leads to or maintains adolescent depression." Literature is cited that corresponds to issues relating to adolescent depression and how familial issues, particularly maternal, have a strong influence on the depressive episodes, behavioral and developmental issues of adolescents.
From the Paper
"Symptoms of depression strike upwards of 30% of all high school students (Ehrenberg, Cox & Koopman, 1990, Olsson & von Knorring, 1997a as cited by Olsson, Nordstrom, von Knorring & von Knorring, 1999). Roberts, Andrews, Lewinsohn & Hops (1990 as cited by Sheeber, Hops & Davis, 2001) tell us that the statistics on adolescent depression are underestimated as many teens demonstrate symptoms which are classified as below diagnostic thresholds. While depression is a problem relating to genetics, heredity, environment and the individual, in adolescence the problem is particularly painful for the victim/patient. Donnelly (1999) tells us that depression and associated symptoms of depression increase during the adolescent years. Olson et al. (1999) states that parents are not always aware of that the symptoms they are witnessing in their adolescent children are signs of depression."
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Adolescent Depression, 2006.
An analysis of the best therapeutic treatment for adolescents with depression.
702 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
Left untreated, minor depression during adolescence can lead to serious and debilitating consequences later in life. This paper examines how current research supports the use of cognitive based approaches rather than drug based approaches as the first line of defense for adolescence, especially given reports of bad side effects from antidepressant use among adolescence. The researcher proposes that behavioral based approaches combined with peer support groups may help eliminate depression among adolescents, when participants are adequately screened and evaluated.
Outline
Treatment Proposition Adolescents With Depression
Support for Non-Medication Approach in Adolescents
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Studies confirm that adolescent's perceptions of their disorder and care may affect attitudes and treatment outcomes (Slimmer, 2005). Because of this it is important that counselors work with adolescents to discover acceptable labels for their disorder. Helpful labels are more likely to result in positive outcomes than detrimental ones (Slimmer, 2005). Richmond & Rosen (2005) confirm the adverse risks associated with antidepressant use, thus encourage caution when prescribing medication. Anti depression medication use demonstrates "variable efficacy" in studies thus the research does not support its use (Richmond & Rosen, 467). "
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Adolescent Depression, 2005.
This paper discusses that depression is often overlooked in children and adolescents because they are not always capable of expressing their feelings, and sometimes the symptoms of mood disorders take on different forms in children than in adults.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that it is the responsibility of the parents, teachers, physicians, and those who interact with the adolescent on a daily basis to help diagnose depression. The author points out that, although symptoms of adolescent depression are often masked, adolescents may express boredom instead of sadness; they may engage in risky behaviors, or they may exhibit other psychological problems, such as anxiety, eating disorders, hyperactivity, substance abuse, and suicide. The paper relates that, for many adolescents, symptoms of depression are directly related to low self-esteem stemming from increased emphasis on peer popularity; and, for other adolescents, depression may arise from ineffective family relationships, including decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents.
From the Paper
"Depression is a disease that affects the human psyche. Adults with depression tend to act and react abnormally toward themselves and others. It comes as no surprise that adolescent depression is strongly linked to teen suicide. Adolescent suicide is responsible for more deaths in teenagers 15 to 19 years of age than cardiovascular disease or cancer. Yet, despite this increased suicide rate, many physicians misdiagnose adolescent depression. This misdiagnosis leads to serious difficulties for the adolescent in school and work."
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Adolescent Stress and Depression, 2006.
This research discusses the root causes of stress and depression in adolescents and the way it affects their schooling.
2,140 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that stress and depression influence every facet of the adolescent's life; however, education is the most affected area. The author points out that the school plays an important role in providing a supportive and nurturing climate by celebrating the student's accomplishments and successes thus developing positive self-esteem. The paper stresses that schools should establish a system, which automatically identifies students suffering from depression and makes a full effort to cure this illness.
Table of Contents:
Stress and Depression in Adolescents
Symptoms of Stress and Depression in Adolescents
Causes of Stress and Depression in Adolescents
Impacts of Stress and Depression in Adolescents while Obtaining Education
Modus Operandi to Handle Stress and Depression in Adolescents
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Stress and depression are curable. The treatment will however depend on the level of severity. The nature and the cause of the disease will dictate its treatment. Some patients may only require counseling and some may necessitate serious medical help. The major problem is to make the patient talk about his/her illness. Adolescents generally avoid such topics of discussion with parents. Adolescent boys find it particularly difficult to talk about their feelings especially at homes. Depression and the accompanying threat of suicide are very serious mental health issues and schools have an important role to play in addressing both the educational and mental health needs of all students. When dealing with such illness, role of the schools expands much beyond education to prevention and treatment of the problem. School is the best place, where an adolescent can be confronted and lured in to talk about the problem."
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Adolescent Depression, 2006.
A look at different treatment options for depressed adolescents.
2,337 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Depression is a problem that needs to be dealt with seriously in our society, especially among adolescents who do not know how to channel what they're feeling into something positive and constructive. This paper examines how the depressed adolescent goes through vulnerability, insecurity, low self esteem and the desire to end his life as he sees it not going anywhere in the future. It looks at how all these problems and symptoms should be dealt with treatment and medication which would be the most efficient and long lasting on the individual.
Outline
Introduction
Recognition of Depression in Adolescents
Support for Treatment of Adolescent Depression
Current Research of Treatment Options for Depressed Adolescents
Recognition of How Adolescent Thinking Effects Depression
Unrealistic Expectations
Automatic Thoughts
Maladaptive Assumptions
Low Self-Esteem or Negative Self-Concept
Treatment Recommendations
Past, Present and Future
Best Treatment Options/Suggestions
Focus On Adolescent's Strengths, Resources and Current Competencies
Evaluate Depressive Levels
Inherent Wish to Change/Resistance & Setting of Goals
Support, Empathy & Time
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The maladaptive behaviors of a depressed individual can vary from his social skills to his concentration ability to his attitude towards authority. The depressed individual would not act his age or be emotionally distraught or seek too much attention. Socially, the depressed adolescent would be isolated and shy and prefer to be unaccompanied. Cognitively, the depressed adolescent would be lazy and incapable of learning and would underachieve. He would not be able to sit still in class or have long concentration duration. The depressed adolescent would also be very rebellious towards authority as well as stubborn and disobliging (Gerald R. Patterson, 1990)."
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Elderly Depression and Suicide, 2007.
This paper examines the suicide and depression rate of elderly individuals today and explores what can be done to lower these rates.
4,823 words (approx. 19.3 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the elderly have much to offer the younger population and this can give them a strong sense of purpose. However, the paper shows how, for too many of these individuals, this is not the case and they end up feeling alone and depressed, which eventually leads to suicide. The paper examines major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder and bipolar disorder. The paper provides a literature review that deals with the treatment for depression and the risk of suicide in the elderly population. The paper also discusses methods of suicide prevention.
Outline:
Abstract
Summary
Introduction and Rationale
Previous Theory and Research
Strengths and Gaps in the Literature
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Literature into the issue of depression and the suicide rate where elderly people are concerned is important for several reasons. Consider these facts: The highest rate of suicide in the United States is among the elderly population. Moreover, suicide rates steadily increase as age advances in individuals of all races and both genders. Those that are 65 years and older successfully complete suicide attempts 50% more often than the national average. Every 90 minutes a senior citizen in the United States commits suicide. Population experts estimate that by 2030, the elderly population will be about 20% of the population-about 75 million people (Heisel, 2004). Clearly, the problem of suicide among the elderly is significant and if left unaddressed can be expected to increase."
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Clinical Adolescent Depression, 2004.
An exploration of the symptoms, prevalence rate, and treatment plans associated with clinical depression in young people.
2,582 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how depression, a condition consisting of symptoms, such as extreme sadness for a prolonged duration of time, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, marked increase or decrease of appetite, etc., is increasing rapidly among children and adolescents in the United States today. It looks at how several factors, such as maternal depression and interpersonal relationships, are contributing to this trend. It examines depression in the child and adolescent populations, the warning signs, its implications, and proposed therapeutic treatments.
From the Paper
"Currently in the U.S., nearly 2 million children and adolescents are diagnosed with some form of depression, with twice as many adolescence girls as boys, being diagnosed with depression. More than half of depressed adolescents has a recurrence within seven years. In some cases, the biological tendency toward depression is hereditary. In several other cases, environmental stressors are the basis of depression. Clinical depression may resemble these emotional dips, but it is much more pervasive, long lasting, and life threatening. A common fallacy is that childhood is a blithe, uncomplicated time in one?s life. Today?s family system may be a basis of depression."
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Hopelessness, Depression and Suicide, 1999.
Examines the relationships between two mental states and suicide in rural and non-rural areas. Definitions, causes and effects, stressors and self-esteem.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"DEPRESSION, HOPELESSNESS AND ADOLESCENT SUICIDE
Introduction
According to Sue, Sue and Sue (1994), as many as 250,000 adolescents in the United States attempt suicide each year; of these, approximately 3,000 successfully end their lives. This societal tragedy has led several researchers to examine for associations between the suicide behavior of teens, hopelessness (negative expectation for one's future) and depression (an emotional state characterized by intense dysphoria, sadness, feelings of futility and worthlessness, and withdrawal from others).
The purpose of this paper is to examine the current research investigating for relationships between hopelessness, depression and suicide. The reviewed research will be examined in two ..."
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Adolescent Depression, 2002.
Discusses various factors and influences.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 15 sources, $ 127.95
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Abstract
Discusses various factors and influences. Examines the diagnostic criteria, the DSM-IV major depressive criteria. Somatic complaints, irritability and social withdrawal. Comorbidity including disruptive disorders and eating disorders, substance abuse, suicide attempts, phobias, panic attacks. Etiology of the condition. Environmental factors including family, peer, trauma and stress. Genetic factors.
From the Paper
"DEPRESSION IN ADOLESCENCE
Introduction
This research paper will present a discussion regarding adolescent depression. The following topics will be included in the discussion: diagnostic criteria, comorbidity, etiology, and summary and conclusions.
Diagnostic Criteria
Diagnostic criteria for depression is described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Diagnosis for Major depressive Episode is the same for children, adolescents, and adults. Differences in age may result in differing presentation of symptoms. The prepuberty age group is more likely to present somatic complaints, irritability, and social withdrawal. Adolescents and adults as oppose ..."
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Depression and Suicide of the Elderly, 1992.
A look at the definitions, causes (ageism, physical problems, sexuality, isolation) and treatment.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 11 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature on depression and suicide in elderly populations. To this end, the review defines depression and discusses contributive factors that can lead to suicide. Incidence rates are reported and treatment interventions are discussed.
Depression and Suicide in Elderly Populations
Dworetzky (1985) defines depression as:
A feeling of sadness and sometimes total apathy. Guilt or inability to cope with problems, frustrations, or conflict is often behind depression. It may be influenced by chemical imbalances in the brain as well. (p.470)
In DSM III (1980), the American Psychiatric Association..."
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Adolescent Depression, 1993.
Research proposal to determine thr effectiveness of group therapy intervention (describes ten sessions) at a crisis center.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
According to a report issued by the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (1989):
Almost 30,000 Americans take their own lives each year. . .This number is greater than the annual number of homicides in the United States. . .About 5,000 suicides occur among young people between the ages of 15 and 24. That means that each day, 13 Americans in this age group kill themselves. Many more young people attempt suicide and fail. (p. 7)
It is statistics such as the foregoing that lead authors such as Harris and Ammerman (1986) to refer to adolescent depression as one of the most serious mental health concerns facing the nation..."
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Adolescents and Depression, 2005.
A research paper addressing the causes, existence and proliferation of depression in adolescents.
18,885 words (approx. 75.5 pages), 55 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research paper examines the relationship between adolescence beliefs about the impact of rumination and stability of traits on depression. As part of the research, an affluent sample of fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth graders are examined. The paper attempts to uncover correlations, if any, between depression and rumination, attributional style, and stability of traits and attempts to determine if there are any differences between girls and boys in terms of depression, rumination, attributional style, and stability of traits. The paper also looks at whether or not older children are more likely to suffer from depression than younger children.
Outline
Theory of Rumination and Attribution
Learned Helplessness Theory
The Hopelessness Theory
Stability of Traits
Literature Review
Major Depression
Dysthymia
Bi Polar
Causes of Depression
Depression in Adolescence
Gender Differences in Depression
Attribution Style in General
Attribution in Adolescence
Gender Differences in Attribution Style
Stability of Personality Traits
Stability of Traits in Adolescence
Gender Differences in Stability of Traits
Rumination (Introspection) Style in General
Rumination in Adolescence
Gender Differences in Rumination
From the Paper
"Depression is the preeminent mental health issue of our time. (Klerman, Markowitz, and Weissman, 2000 World Bank, 1993) Depression affects millions of people each year and can have deadly consequences if it goes untreated. (Bernal et al 1995) The National Institutes of Mental health reports that, depression effects 9.5% or nearly 19 million of the American population (Depression, 2000) Researchers have consistently attempted to understand why some individuals are more prone to the development of the disorder than others are. The disorder affects men, women, children and adults. Over the last decade, the number of adolescents suffering from depression has also increased considerably. In addition, the number of adolescents committing suicide because of prolonged depressive episodes has increased dramatically. In fact, an estimated 4% of teenagers suffer from depression (Lerner 1993). In addition, studies have suggested that adolescents as young as seventh grade are significant moodier than younger children."
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