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Administrative Ethics and Public Interest, 2003.
The author compares the works of E. Pendleton Herring, Frederick Mosher and Dennis Thompson on their theories about the relationship between ethics and public administration.
832 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, although Herring, Mosher and Thompson would agree that there should be administrative ethics in place to keep administrators morally sound and in tune to the needs of the public, they would debate on employee consent of--and who was to blame for--administrative unethical conduct.
From the Paper
"Many theorists have looked to examine the relationship between ethics and public administration. E. Pendleton Herring (1937) and Frederick Mosher (1974) were just two theorists that have addressed the issue of ethical accountability and responsibility of public managers. In Herring's "Public Administration and Public Interest," he discussed critical roles of bureaucrats and interest groups in the formulation of public policy. In "Watergate: Implication for Responsible Government," Mosher provided an overview of merit systems and equity issues of public administration. Both of their works can be compared to that of Dennis Thompson's (1985) "The Possibility of Administrative Ethics." In it, he raised the question of whether there is such a thing as administrative ethics at all. These three writings are similar in content; however, there are some portions where the ideas of the authors contrast."
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Public Interest or Public Best Interest, 2002.
A study of the topic of what is the 'best public interest' compared to 'public interest' and the role of the public administrator.
1,810 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper shows the difficulty the public administrator is faced with when deciding what is the ?public interest? or ?public best interest? and that sometimes the administrator has to make decisions based on the community ?best? interests or the ?objective control of administration?. Sections of the paper include: Pluralists and the Public Administrator, The Public as Consumers, The Public as Represented, The Public as Client and the Public as Citizen.
From the Paper
"Other examples can be commercials. If a child sees cereal with a toy in it, he/she will beg and cry until the mother buys the cereal. The mother may know this is not the ?best interest? of the child because it lacks important vitamins or may be full of sugar. The commercial has placed value on knowing children will see the commercial and will talk their parents into buying it. The interest of the children is met, but not the ?best? interest of the children."
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Public Interest, 2002.
A discussion of the decision-making considerations of public administrators.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how decision-making is an important process, which needs to consider many different viewpoints and interests and how in every sphere of private and public administration it is critical to take into account the interests of those who would be affected by a decision in order to be able to make the right decision. It evaluates how public administrators are more likely to encounter severe criticism if a decision goes wrong or is considered ineffective or self-serving than a private corporation and how a public administrator is therefore required to create awareness regarding the long-term effects of an action before it is claimed to be in public?s best interest. In other words, while actions taken under normative theoretical approach are easier to understand, those undertaken through other models may lead to confusion and conflict. It shows how effective communication and access to correct information can minimize the risks of such conflicts.
From the Paper
"This is because while private firms are answerable to the community and its own employers to a certain limited extent, the pubic organizations are accountable for every action as they claim to be making decisions in the public interest. However the concept of public interest is highly ambiguous and controversial in nature as public administrators are unable to define the term effectively. The inability to define public interest leads to many governance problems not to mention major and minor conflicts over the possible short and long-term effects of a certain decision."
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The Shift from ?Old Public Administration? to ?New Public Management', 2002.
This in-depth paper seeks to clarify, thoroughly explain and critically debate the idea as to whether there is a shift from old styles of Public Administration to new styles under the name New Public Management (NPM).
10,115 words (approx. 40.5 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 204.95
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Abstract
The main tenets of NPM are explored and their application to the U.S., New Zealand, and the U.K. is documented. The application of the NPM to developing countries of Africa, Latin America, South East Asia and the Anglophone Caribbean is also evaluated for their strengths and weaknesses.
From the Paper
"Like the Traditional bureaucracy, the New Public Management approach is yet another ?problem-solving tool? in the schema of public administration, that has emerged with a style of ordering the delivery of public goods and services, however, with a different method in mind. In discussing the so-called ?shift? from Old or Traditional forms of Public Administration, or as some such as Christopher Hood term it, Progressive Public Administration, quite a number of circumstances, situations, contexts as well as a variety of explanations should be proffered and assessed. One needs to critically examine the concept of a shift to New Public Management. The term ?shift?, if one is not careful, could indicate a sharp distinction in the change from Old to New styles of Public Management, or a leap from one paradigm to the other excluding essential features of the old, by replacing such features of the old with the new. This is certainly not the case. It should be noted tentatively, that New Public Management, as Hood, Patrick Dunleavy and others will later confirm, not only exists alongside other aspects of the traditional Model, but also that other features of other ?Intermediate Models? such as those of the Management, Comparative Development and the influences of earlier Market Models, still persist alongside NPM."
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Public Administration: Four Major Administrative Traditions, 2004.
This paper reviews four fundamentally different intellectual traditions and offers input as to where the ?public administration? of the U.S. is in 2003.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the issue of public administration and then discusses four major theories of public administration: the Hamiltonian Tradition, the Jeffersonian Tradition, the Madisonian Tradition, and Wilsonian Tradition. The paper then compares these traditions and provides an analysis of the traditions and today?s U.S. executive administration.
From the Paper
"Alexander Hamilton?s insistence on a strong executive branch was not based solely on his desire to push his own philosophy of public administration on the young nation. He had seen the failure of the Articles of Confederation in its attempt to solidify the country; states quarreled about everything before ratifying the Articles, and some even went out on a limb and had their own foreign policy. States couldn?t agree on paying for a national army, nor on taxation and spending. Hamilton?s balancing act was, how does the country create an executive ?powerful enough to make the government strong? (Kettl, page 30) and yet how does the country prevent a concentration of too much authority and power in the White House? Hamilton had plenty of experience in executive decision-making, as he was the very first treasury secretary in the nation; and it was his authorship of documents on public credit, national banking, and manufacturing that later formed the basis of the executive branch of national government."
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Ethics and Administration, 2005.
An discussion and definition of ethics.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how ethics are usually based on shared societal norms and values. The paper further analyzes how ethics serve as a guide when confronted with ethical dilemmas. The paper explains that ethics are concerned with an individual's awareness of themselves and of others, as well as being impacted by their experiences.
From the Paper
"Ethics are usually based on shared societal norms and values, and consist of guidelines and rules which "emphasize the ability to see morally salient features of a situation and the development of dispositions or attitudes or virtues" (Normore, 2004, p. 4). Ethics serve as a guide when confronted with ethical dilemmas. Ethics is concerned with individuals' awareness of themselves, of others, as well as the experiences and organizational life they share. Ethical dilemmas are the norm in the current state of social, economic and political flux."
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"Public Administration & Public Affairs "( Nicholas Henry ), 1996.
Critical review of work on public management methodologies & techniques & policy formulation & implementation.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
" The purpose of this research is to review the book by Nicholas Henry, entitled Public Administration and Public Affairs (1995). This review will analyze the central themes of the work and address its strengths and weaknesses.
Henry begins by explaining the role of public bureaucracy and public administration in democratic society. He notes that bureaucracy and democracy are in fact antithetical. Bureaucracy tends to be hierarchical in nature and elitist. Democracy, on the other hand, tends to be egalitarian in nature. But in order for a democratic society to function properly, the bureaucracy and democracy must be reconciled (p. 1). Bureaucracy represents the technological elite, the body of persons skilled in how to get things done. The democratic mass is charged with determining the direction of public policy, but it is the skilled.."
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Equality and Public Administration, 2002.
Examines how the concept of equality relates to public administration.
2,068 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explores several barriers to an equitable public administration in the United States, such as racism and the Jim Crow laws and examines the steps taken to fix some of the problems. It then looks at the benefits and problems associated with affirmative action programs. The paper questions the role of honor in public administration and whether honor always interfere with the ethical implementation of public policy. Finally, the paper examines the lessons learned from the Watergate case concerning ethics and public administration.
From the Paper
"Another lesson from Watergate is that politics still does have an influence in what happens to unethical public officials. Although Nixon resigned from office, he was almost immediately pardoned by his successor, saving him from further public humiliation and possible prosecution. He was then able to go on and rehabilitate his "honor" and become a respected, and consulted, elder statesman, although this took many years. This is one of the reasons that I question the Shafritz and Russell emphasis on the importance of honor. Honor seems like a good concept, but it does not necessarily have to do with moral or ethical behavior. Instead, it is more connected to the person's image in the world, his or her reputation or persona."
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Ethics and Environmental Ethics, 2006.
An investigation into ethics and how they apply to natural resource management.
4,455 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper defines ethics and explains some of the different viewpoints on ethics that exist. The paper then gives a critical view of ethics. Next, it discusses Aldo Leopold's land ethic. The paper concludes that there are many different opposing viewpoints in ethics and every person must make up their own ethics by which to live.
Table of Contents:
How do we Define Ethics?
A complicated System of Groups
Ethical Theories
Deontological Versus Teleological Theories
Every Situation is Different
The Critical View of Ethics
The Never Ending Story
Ethics as a Limiting Factor
Ethics as Propaganda
Ethics and the Environment
Aldo Leopold's Ethics
Aldo Leopold's Land Ethic
Conclusion
In the Literature
The Rose Theory
From the Paper
"In order to discuss ethics, one must first attempt to understand the intricacies involved in this discipline. First, a distinction must be made between ethics and morality. "Ethical wisdom consists in knowing how to frame the ideal, and moral sagacity consists in knowing how to put the ideal to work and realize it in practice" (Rader 1964). In other words, ethics may be thought of as the theory by which morality is practiced. Although separate ideas, neither morality nor ethics can exist without the other. Once this distinction is made, the question must be asked, is ethics a science? Researchers have long tried to answer this question, and many have come to the following conclusion. It is believed that ethics is a "normative science: concerned with norms and standards not empirical facts" (Rader 1964)."
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Philippine Public Administration Reform, 2008.
Examines the concepts, issues and prospects for public administration reform and economic development in the Philippines.
13,635 words (approx. 54.5 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that public administration, within the context of public sector governance, plays a key role in Philippine economic development. The author points out that major issues and factors vital to the attainment economic development of the Philippine are encompassed within the sphere of public administration and governance. This paper argues that crucial to better prospects for the Philippine economy are improvements in fiscal and administrative performance of public institutions and the public sector in general. The paper reviews some key macroeconomic issues affecting economic growth in the Philippines and attempts to give some insights into perplexing questions as to why the Philippine economy remain sluggish.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Public Administration Reform for Economic Development: A Conceptual Framework
Review of Related Literature: Economic Development and Role of Public Administration
Institutions and Economic Development
The Public Sector in Economic Development
Information Market Failure
Spillovers
Sunk Investment
Social Impacts
Political Pressure
Aspects of Public Finance and Growth
On Public Administration Reform and Economic Development
Fiscal Administration
Bureaucratic Efficiency and Innovation
Transparency and Accountability
Rule of Law and Judicial Reforms
Review of the Philippine Situation: Administration
of Economic Development
On Fiscal Administration
On Bureaucratic Efficiency and Innovation: Rationalization Program of Government
On Transparency and Accountability
On Rule of Law and Judicial Reforms
Implications to Prospects for Economic Development
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Efforts on mainstreaming transparency and accountability principles practices in government operations and anti-corruption measures still remain such a formidable challenge and progress have been lacking. This is very important area for reform since it has been found out that perceptions of corruption and weakness in government to maintain and promote the rule of law has far-reaching negative economic implications. Hence sincere effort has to start somewhere."
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Public Administration, 2003.
Discusses functions of public administrators.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Explores the necessity of examining policies to determine if they address broad and comprehensive public interests. Discusses the need to ensure that the interest of public is not overridden by self-interest and considerations of economic gains.
From the Paper
Public administrators are often challenged to differentiate between the "public interest" and the "public's best interest" as they participate in decision-making processes focused on resolving problems. ..."
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Public Administration, 2002.
An examination of the role of the public administrator and the influence of strategic management of public organizations.
4,542 words (approx. 18.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review and comparative analysis of four articles which span three centuries of public administration on the role of the public administrator and what the ideal standard should be. The four articles are : "To Run A Constitution: The Legitimacy of the Administrative State" by John A. Rohr, "Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government, by Mark Moore", "Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector" by David Osborne and Ted Gaebler and "Twenty-First Century Public Administration: The Folly of Experience and the Wisdom of History" by H. George Frederickson. It also provides the personal views of the author of the role of the "ideal" PA, followed by a comparison of that ideal to the standards suggested by the four authors.
Outline
Introduction
Four Books
Rohr and the Constitution
Moore: The Birth of Strategists
Osborne and Gaebler?s Reinvention Plan
Frederickson and the Janus View
A Personal Definition
Arguing the Ideal PA
Reaction to General Semanticist
Reaction to Cybernetician
From the Paper
"From that challenging position, Rohr then spends the next part of the book with the early days of the American nation, drawing interesting historical parallels between the jobs that the founders wanted the Constitution to do, and the creation of strategies to ensure that these jobs were done. Rohr doesn?t draw some watershed moment when the "PA" was born, rather it is treated as an ad hoc situation that grew and developed organically. His primary contention is that the PA has an implied Constitutional role that empowers him or her to act as a balance wheel or mediator or filler of a vacuum left by Congress and the President and cabinet."
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Information Technology and E-Government in Public Administration, 2008.
A literature review to study information technology (IT) and e-government in public administration.
4,045 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the implementation and deployment of information technology (IT) solutions in public administration have tended to strengthen the hierarchical bureaucracies already in place instead of transforming these processes. The author then identifies propositions and barriers to effective e-governance. The paper concludes that e-governance has a long way to go in actually delivering public service administration via the Internet. A better understanding of the potential of public administration via the Internet is critical for public administration employees and officials if the benefits of e-governance are to be realized in a manner that truly benefits the public. Several tables and figures are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Theoretical Ideal of Information Technology Examined
Key Issues in E-Government and Public Administration
E-Government Initiatives and Local Government
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The second reform proposition claiming that IT has the power to change the structure of an organization and was therefore a tool for reform is "grounded in the belief that information technology can directly impact the data structure of public administration enforcing or relaxing traditional hierarchical forms." The main-frame computer was viewed from the perspective of being a consolidator of data and expertise which resulted in a reinforcing of hierarchical organizational structures and this is upheld in research findings."
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Evolution of Public Administration, 2008.
An examination of the evolution of public administration in the United States with particular regard to effectiveness and efficiency.
2,847 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the influence of the structure of the U.S. political system, in relation to the Constitutional separation of powers and federalism, on the evolution of public administration in the United States. It particularly examines the notions of effectiveness, efficiency and reasonable standards of performance within the political system.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Federalism
Role of Factions Model (ROF)
Public Interest Model (PI)
1880s-1930s
1940s - 1960s
1970s-Present
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The third model is the 'public interest model' (PI) stated to have as its cornerstone "...the efficacy of science" which was believed by reformers of the late 19th century to be the solution to "current public problems and inculate morality." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) there was a stated need of creation of "governmental structures that empower experts: people who possessed relevant scientific knowledge. Expertise would be indicated by educational credentials, beginning the American concern, if not obsession, with academic degrees." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) This is a concept of science "which is more correctly termed 'technology'. It is stated that reformers held the perception of there being very little limitations "to the efficacy of science and its ability to solve all current problems by the application of unbiased general laws." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) This belief is stated to be derived in philosophy from what is known as the Enlightenment movement." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) Within this framework "rationality was seen as not only desirable but also feasible in an era of urban-centered technology. (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) Stated as a critical element of the "new politico-administrative system was management, since science enables administrators to be rational." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998)"
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Public Administration Education, 2002.
An examination of the effectiveness of public administration in preparing students for a career.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 16 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
Examines the effectiveness of public administration in preparing students for a career. The gap between theory and practice in the discipline of public administration. Identifies areas where public administration education is not effective. Need to focus education on speciific levels of government. Teaching ethical decision-making to enhance ethics & values.
From the Paper
"Effectiveness of Professional Education in Public Administration
Introduction
In the Future of Governing: Four Emerging Model, Peters (1996) discussed the future of public administration. Although his primary emphasis was on the future structure and focus of the practice of public administration, Peters (1996) also noted that public administration education programs generally were not preparing graduates for the demands of public administration in the future.
Three issues identified as important areas where public administration education is not as effective as is desirable in preparing graduates for future responsibilities in public administration provided the foci for an examination of the effectiveness of public administration education. These issues..."
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