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Action Plan for Portland's Open Reservoirs, 2002.
A paper which shows why changes should be implemented in Portland's open water reservoirs, examining possible solutions.
1,362 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
Portland?s landmark water reservoirs have been intact for the past century. The paper shows that five out of six of the original reservoirs are currently in use today. These five are located with Mt. Tabor Park and Washington and serve to collect and store millions of gallons of drinking water for distribution to businesses and residents throughout the city of Portland. The paper shows, however, that these wide-open reservoirs fail to meet today?s standards for drinking water, posing a threat the health and safety of the citizens of Portland. In addition, they require an increasing level of maintenance to ensure water quality.
This paper examines the safety risks posed by Portland?s open reservoirs, revealing why a major change must be implemented and recommending the best solution for this problem.
From the Paper
"This plan aims to remove three reservoirs from service in Mt. Tabor. Two of the reservoirs will be replaced with underground storage. The city will place tanks at these sites to maintain the advantage of existing piping and gravity flows. It is expected that these underground tanks will ?upgrade the storage facilities to current and anticipated state and federal standards as well as provide higher levels of security, public health, and water quality protection? (City of Portland). When the reservoirs are contained, the city will be able to install park improvements.
The plan also calls for temporary floating covers over the existing reservoirs in Washington Park, which were built in 1894. While these covers will provide short-term enhanced security, the city also recognizes that it must ?replace the existing Washington Park reservoirs with underground tanks following additional improvements necessary to strengthen the water distribution system? (City of Portland)."
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Portland?s Open Drinking Water Reservoir, 2002.
This paper is written as a report about the conditions of the water in Portland?s open drinking water reservoir.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper investigates many factors relating to open drinking water reservoirs such as water purification, toxic chemicals and testing systems. The paper shows the risks faced by Portland's reservoir which include the dumping of prescription drugs, waste from tankers and busses and the threat of radon in the drinking water. The paper suggests ways in which the Portland municipality could improve the situation through testing and legislation. It also includes maps of the area to illustrate points.
From the Paper
"While the water is safe perhaps it is not sterilized, which means that it does contain chemicals and other killer organisms. The best way to handle this situation is by protecting and regularly monitoring water from the main source so as to eliminate the possibility of potential contamination later on. To purify the water, treatment practices are used to get rid of the pathogenic organisms that are liable to enter into the water in the reservoir. Most of the water treatment techniques and technologies were actually developed several years ago to cure chloera and typhoid. These techniques are still applicable because they can still protect the public today like they have been for nearly a century. However, the new contaminants require new techniques to treat them, such as pathogens."
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Open Source and Open Standards in Ecommerce, 2007.
An in-depth look at the use of open source solutions and standards in the world of e-commerce.
4,190 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews, evaluates and discusses the emergence and use of open source solutions and standards. The paper reviews the importance, benefits and pitfalls of open source solutions and critically evaluates the future. The paper is written in a two-column format.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Wonder Years
The Market For OSS
The Public and Private Sectors
Open-Source-A-Me, The Enterprise Structure
Why Open Source Me? Pros, Cons and The Future
Benefits
The Future
From the Paper
"MySQL is the overall leader in Open Source databases with over 5 million active installations across the globe and is by the one of the most successful Open Source solutions."
"It is one of the few Open Source software solutions that are available under the dual-license model as it is available both for under GPL and commercial license. MaxDB, which has it's origins as a commercial DB software solution was developed as a result of an alliance between MySQL and SAP to form a market leading enterprise solution, which is capable of running high-end mission-critical applications."
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Representative Action, 2003.
A law paper providing a definition and discussion of the term "representative action", also known as class action.
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by defining the concept of representative proceedings or actions. It then discusses the procedural aspects of commencing a procedural action. This is followed by a discussion of the benefits to both the applicant and respondent regarding representative actions and what the limitations of such proceedings are. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the future of representative actions.
From the Paper
"The popular term, Class Action, is better defined in the Australian Jurisdictions as a Representative proceeding, a proceeding in which a defined party (or parties), will bring an action as plaintiff on behalf of a group, of seven or more members , where the group has an issue arising out of common circumstances , giving rise to a common question of law or fact. The legislative provisions Part IVA are mirrored by the Judgement of Mchugh J in Carnie , where his honour held;
?In my opinion, a plaintiff and the represented persons have "the same interest" in legal proceedings when they have a community of interest in the determination of any substantial question of law or fact? "
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Affirmative Action, 2002.
This paper discusses the education component of Affirmative Action, a social action program of President Johnson?s ?War on Poverty? that attempted to counterbalance minority injustices by increased opportunities for minorities.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper states that affirmative action was never intended to give prospective students a significant advantage based solely on racial origin. The author feels that affirmative action has had a negative effect on both minority and non-minority students and should be discontinued. The paper recommends that educational inequalities should be rectified before students get to college.
From the Paper
"However, some California university officials have responded by seeking ways to get around Proposition 209. They now use an admission policy called ?comprehensive review.? (Williams, 2002) Under this new admissions policy, the personal circumstances of all students are considered, ostensibly without regard to race. If a student has faced significant hardship in his or her life, the student is given extra consideration for admission."
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Action Research: Origins and Applications, 2008.
An analysis of the action research, and the role of teachers in educational history.
1,371 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the subject of action research, a term that is used to describe a continuum of activities that focus on research, planning, theorizing, learning and development, and involves a continuous process of research and learning in the researcher's long-term relationship with a problem. This paper reviews the action research and the different cultures of inquiry. An examination of the origins of action research is followed by a discussion concerning how action research fits with the educational system. An analysis of the role action research has played in educational history and the role of teachers is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Types of Action Research
Goals and Contributions of Action Research
Action Research Steps
Data Collection Methods for Action Researchers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although the framework illustrated in Figure 1 above is clear and consistent with basic action research and experiential learning premises, is remains inadequate to specifically address the complex context and requirements of contemporary educational research by distinguishing experiment design and planning from action and data collection (McPherson & Nunes, 2004). These authors maintain that these research stages should be separated from data analysis, interpretation and dissemination, and offer an eight-stage framework developed by Cohen, Manion and Morrison (2000) that provides a much better support for education researchers."
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Affirmative Action, 2004.
An explanation and comparison of goal-based affirmative action and process-based affirmative action.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper distinguishes between two forms of affirmative action policies, the goal-based affirmative action and process-based affirmative action. This paper argues that most people who protest against affirmative action are actually against goals-based affirmative action. This paper further argues that a greater emphasis on process-oriented affirmative action policies will more effectively address the concerns of both sides of the affirmative action debate.
From the Paper
"Critics decry race-based admissions policies as an undermining of the merit-based system. However, Jesse Jackson points out the effects of race and socio-economic class in the academic performance of many minority children. Jackson argues that unlike affluent white, many minority students from low-income families do not access to resources like honors classes and SAT preparation courses. Also, the fact that many have to work after school to augment the family income places minority students at a distinct disadvantage at the college applications process (Jackson 290)."
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Affirmative Action, 2005.
This paper argues the dichotomy of affirmative action in education and the workforce.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that affirmative action is a moral and political question which seems to divide Americans more than it unites them, because some people regard it as a program designed to rectify racism and reverse the effects of both past and present discrimination but others simply see it as another form of discrimination. The author feels that affirmative action is a program of opportunity, not a program of discrimination; affirmative action's mission has never been about hiring less qualified workers, but about opening up equal opportunity and ensuring that equal opportunity with equal results. The paper stresses that diversity in education and the workforce not only includes African-American men and women but also includes other ethnicity groups, such as Asians, Latinos and Indians, who have been able to gain both an invaluable education and work experience through affirmative action programs.
Table of Contents
Educational Aspects of Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action in the Workforce
The Counter-Argument against Affirmative Action
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These policies have been when minorities are actively sought or preferred, the reason given is usually that this is necessary to compensate for advantages to groups such as males or those of European descent from racism, sexism, results of historical circumstances, and institutional racism. In the U.S., the most prominent form of affirmative action centers on access to education, particularly admission to universities and other forms of tertiary instruction. Race, ethnicity, native language, social class, geographical origin, parental attendance of the university in question (legacy admissions), and/or gender are often taken into account when assessing the meaning of an applicant's grades and test scores."
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Affirmative Action in Schools, 2004.
A comparison of goal-based affirmative action and process-based affirmative action within the education system.
2,071 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper distinguishes between two forms of affirmative action policies, the goal-based affirmative action and process-based affirmative action. In goal-based affirmative action, the emphasis is placed on giving minority racial status special consideration even before a qualified pool of candidates is established. This form of affirmative action was evident in the controversial admissions policies at the University of Michigan Law School, where African-American and Hispanic applicants were given 20 extra points solely based on their ethnicity.
From the Paper
"Other opponents of affirmative action in universities argue that by fostering an atmosphere of race-based promotion, these policies also serve to minimize the individual gains that many African Americans, women and other minorities achieve on their own merit. Instead, their achievements are tainted by a stigma. In one example, a young black woman made the University of Virginia's Law Review just as the university's affirmative action went into effect. The change from the previous, merit-based system significantly reduced the value of the young woman's Law Review achievement (Conti and Stetson 44-45)."
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Affirmative Action in the Medical Community, 2002.
Looks at the continuing debate over affirmative action programs and, in particular, affirmative action programs in the medical community.
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper presents arguments on the advantages and disadvantages of affirmative action programs. Specifically, it looks at the arguments presented in favor of and in opposition to affirmative action in medical schools. A landmark legal case about affirmative action is reviewed, and the utilitarian view of affirmative action is stated. The paper concludes by asserting that, ultimately, affirmative action programs do more harm than good.
From the Paper
"COMMUNITY
America has a long history of racial segregation and gender discrimination and unfortunately most actions to resolve these ugly issues have resulted in a failure. The opponents of affirmative action programs maintain that this law is also one of those failed attempts. Affirmative action was developed to remove racial and gender discrimination problems by making merit the only criterion for selection thus promoting equal opportunities among qualified women, colored and disabled people. But it has been noticed that despite its good intentions, the law has failed to produce positive results because it is ironic that while the law aimed at removal of racial discrimination, it has resulted in a new kind of racial segregation, which can be called ?reverse racism?"
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Affirmative Action, 2005.
Examines the history and effectiveness of affirmative action in American society.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Affirmative action began with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which Lyndon Johnson was pressured to submit to Congress as a memorial to JFK. The idea was to redress the discrimination and the unconstitutional treatment of African-Americans in the United States. This paper examines how affirmative action spread to include women, other minority groups and the handicapped. It shows how the act has been accepted by some and criticized by others. The paper concludes that the idea of affirmative action is not to exclude anyone, but, at the same time, not to include someone simply because of race or gender. While it would seem logical that affirmative action opens doors for admissions or for hiring in the workplace, it is just as logical that previous discrimination should not now become the basis for inclusion.
From the Paper
"There are now more women working. TME Magazine even featured a story about a womanw commanding a U.S. warship. Two wage-earner families are no longer rare in this country. Single mothers need to work, and are expecting to earn the same pay as their male co-workers. But, there is still an "out" for the employer who wants to attempt to discriminate against equal pay for women: pay according to experience. Since most of the white males have been on the job longer, the excuse often is- experience is worth a few more dollars an hour. Suits are continuing to be brought under various Titles of the Fair Employment section of the Affirmative Action laws."
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Affirmative Action, Against whom are we Discriminating?, 2001.
A closer look at how Affirmative Action affects the College Admissions process.
3,710 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This argumentative paper deals with the issues surrounding today's struggle to get into colleges and how race is involved in this process.
Table of Contents
Introduction of Affirmative Action and how it relates to today and the college application process.
History and evolution of Affirmative Action
Causes for Affirmative Action
Pros of Affirmative Action
Cons of Affirmative Action
Theories of how to maintain diversity while eliminating Affirmative Action
Resolutions
From the Paper
"Year after year as high school seniors apply to colleges they are turned away from their school of choice and are forced to watch silently as a less qualified person takes their spot. These students are not turned away because of their test scores, or because they do not have good grades. They are not pushed away from their dream college for a lack of community service or extra-curricular activities. Contrary to the usual reasons for not being accepted into colleges, these students are denied the chance of higher education because of what basically comes down to their skin color. One might assume that racial discrimination ended in the 1960?s with the Civil Rights Act, but that person would be wrong. Perfectly qualified students are being rejected by college admissions time and time again for students who are less qualified, but are ethnically diverse. Affirmative action is often used on college campuses in order to maintain diversity among the student population, as well as to furnish opportunities of higher education to minorities who would have otherwise been unable to attend college. Yet, many students believe that affirmative action has outlived its intended purpose, and that granting preferences towards anybody for anything other than his or her own academic merit is a form of discrimination in itself, a sort of reverse discrimination. Although some schools are slowly ridding themselves of this practice, affirmative action still exists throughout the college world. Should this trend of ?dissolving? affirmative action continue, or do minorities still need the help getting into post-secondary institutions that affirmative action provides? Or, is there some sort of middle ground that can be reached?"
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California's Affirmative Action "Prop 209", 2005.
This paper discusses the linguistic problems of California's Affirmative Action "Prop 209".
3,215 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that nowhere has the struggle to mandate "affirmative action" in a meaningful way been more viciously fought than in California, and its Proposition 209. The author points out that, at first glance, the wording of Proposition 209 sounds the same as the federal Civil Rights bills of 1964 and 1991 but it is actually very different: The sticking point is that phrase "or grant preferential treatment to", which seems to continue to make all the difference between normal equal rights and forced equality. The paper stresses that the idea of affirmative action is not to exclude anyone, but, at the same time not to include someone simply because of race or gender; while it would seem logical that affirmative action opens doors for admissions or for hiring in the workplace, it is just as logical that previous discrimination should not now become the basis for inclusion.
From the Paper
"Proposition 209 was only the latest attempt to "right some wrongs". California, it seems, has always tried to find some means of balancing hiring, education, and fairness, regardless of gender, race, religion, or ethnic background. With the growing minority populations of both Hispanics and Asians entering the state, some sort of fairness needed to be legislated. And, there were just as many who sought to defeat any sort of mandated (i.e. forced) hiring or college admissions. So, years before Proposition 209, there was CCRI...California Civil Rights Initiative
This is a proposed amendment which, as in proposition 209, forbids discrimination and preferential treatment. It was a Republican initiative, co-written by Tom Wood and Glynn Custred. They enlisted the aid of Ward Connerly, who was black and a Republican, and considered a traitor by many blacks in California, since he was one of those working with the Board of Regents to re-establish admissions and hiring guidelines in Berkeley. The reason he was called was because the Amendment was in trouble, lacking enough signatures to put it on the ballot in November."
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A Historical Perspective of Affirmative Action, 2004.
Discusses affirmative action from a historical, economic, and social perspective.
4,816 words (approx. 19.3 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an extensive study of affirmative action programs. It begins with a definition and explanation of the objectives of affirmative action policies and then goes on to look at the many societal areas the policies impact. The paper also looks at the primary focus of affirmative action policies, some of the arguments supporting and opposing affirmative action, and rulings on affirmative action programs that will affect their implementation in the future.
A Historical Perspective of Affirmative Action
Worldview
Roles in Affirmative Action
Education
Ethnic View
An Economic Perspective
A Sociological Perspective
From the Paper
"The American government justifies affirmative-action programs as ?the principal of compensatory justice (Giraldo, p. 45)?. Basically, this means that just compensation must be awarded to an injured party if an injustice has occurred. Affirmative action requires employees to hire members of groups that were wronged in the past in an effort to undo or compensate for historical injustices."
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Affirmative Action, 2004.
Looks at some of the criticisms of affirmative action programs and argues that, in spite of the criticism, affirmative action is sound policy.
2,156 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses affirmative action, with particular emphasis on how it pertains to decisions on hiring and promoting. The objective of the paper is to show that, for the most part, affirmative action works well. There are only some instances when it is taken too far so that it becomes detrimental to both white males, because they cannot get work as easily, and minorities, because they are believed to be promoted based on race and gender, and not on the merits of their work.
From the Paper
"Affirmative action is a reasonably new development when looking at the history of this country. It is basically designed to ensure that people who were treated unfairly in the past get equal treatment now, but there are some difficulties with this and there are some people who feel that affirmative action is unfair to those that are not minorities. Mainly white males feel that women and/or minorities are chosen before them in hiring decisions and are also promoted at a better rate in companies that have affirmative action policies in place. It has become difficult for many companies to find a balance between being fair to white males and being fair to everyone else."
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