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Aircraft Accident Investigation Tools and Techniques, 2004.
This paper consists of specific areas of aircraft accident investigation technologies and their uses by investigators.
3,587 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the various techniques used by aircraft accident investigating teams today. The writer explains the technical terms for the layman, which include accident scene photography, metallurgy, fluid analysis of fuels and oils, fire investigation in flight or on the ground occurrence, human factors, flight deck design, appropriate degree of automation, automatic overwing exit, human forensics and pathology, and flight data recorders.
From the Paper
"Aviation accident and incidents are extremely painful and expensive for the aviation industry. This is why the aviation industry has investigative engineers who hold the responsibility of investigating accidents by reviewing and identifying the primary cause of the accident, whether it was related to aircraft performance such as, aerodynamics, engines, electrics, hydraulics, or if it was environmental or simply human error.
Investigating aircraft accidents can be extremely complex, sometimes taking many months to figure out the cause of the whole accident. So for the purpose of this task, there are engineers who often collaborate to work in teams in conducting the investigations. Primarily they are solely responsible licensed Professional Engineers, hired by the FAA Air Transport."
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Thrombolysis for Myocardial Infarction in Accident and Emergency, 2004.
A look at national standards for emergency cardiac care for patients entering the accident and emergency system.
5,690 words (approx. 22.8 pages), 53 sources, MLA, $ 137.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the standards set by the National Service Framework for coronary heart disease regarding emergency cardiac care for patients presenting to the accident and emergency system at a hospital. The paper explains that these standards place a priority on aggressive management and providing early thrombolysis and that this type of treatment is controversial because it is questionable whether, given the suggested timeline and the need to differentiate from non-cardiac causes of chest pain, an adequate history and physical can be performed to prevent the administration of thrombolytics in patients where they are contraindicated. To further examine this topic, the paper gives a clear definition of acute myocardial infarction, looks at how to diagnose a patient with acute chest pain, explores the history, indications, and contraindications of thrombolysis, and reviews a multidisciplinary approach to thrombolytic administration.
From the Paper
"The definitive diagnosis of AMI is best obtained by following a standard chest pain protocol. Most accident and emergency wards have these in place. It is standard to initially obtain a 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and begin cardiac monitoring. Patient?s routine laboratory studies include electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), complete blood count (CBC) and markers for myocardial injury (Creatinine Kinase isoenzyme-myocardial (CK-MB) or troponin). Normal serial CK values rule out an acute infarction but are negative in the setting of acute unstable angina. A slight rise in CK-MB or troponin indicates myocardial injury but is not specific for ischemic syndromes. Troponin assay is highly sensitive for identifying acute coronary syndromes. Troponin has longer half life in the system than CK-MB but is less specific for the identification of infarction as opposed to repeated episodes of myocardial ischemia. As the total CK greater than two times the upper ranges of normal is indicative of infarction it can be used as an adjunct in diagnosis ischemia versus infarction and also in determining the relative efficacy of reperfusion. Serum troponin may take up to six hours to become diagnostically sensitive enough (Dougan, 2001)."
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Chernobyl Nuclear Accident, 1997.
Examines 1986 accident, fallout & casualties, evacuation, role of govt., focusing on medical effects (cancers) among children & prognosis.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"MEDICAL EFFECTS ON CHILDREN STEMMING FROM THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR INCIDENT
Introduction
This research examines the medical effect on children that have stemmed from the Chernobyl nuclear incident in 1986. The findings of this examination are presented in three major discussions, which are (1) a review of the incident, together with the general effects, both medical and non-medical, stemming from the incident, (2) a review of the specific medical outcomes of the incident affecting children, and (3) a review of the actions by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in relation to the Chernobyl and its victims.
The Chernobyl Nuclear Incident.
The Chernobyl nuclear incident (at the Chernobyl nuclear.."
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Stress as an Accident Factor, 2002.
This paper looks at stress on the job, accidents that may occur as a result, and means of reducing pressures and increasing productivity.
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This essay examines mental and physical pressures that workers bear at work. The author discusses how on-the-job stress affects a person's capabilities and productivity, and how such pressures lend to higher incidences of accidents at work. The paper also discusses methods of reducing job-related stress and increasing productivity and safety as a result.
From the Paper
"Mental and emotional pressure can affect performance and productivity of a worker on the job. One of the biggest influences of today?s worker is on-the-job stress. Job stress occurs when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker, NIOSH. This consequently affects how a person would normally deal with customer service problems, grievances, violence, conflict, and decisions on the job. Stress is an inevitable part of everyday life, and is therefore a distinct part of a person?s job. To properly control the outcome of stress there are certain previsions and methods that should be taken."
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Cardiovascular Accident (CVA), 2004.
An overview of cardiovascular accidents (CVA), their treatment and causes.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the causes, diagnosis and medications used to treat cardiovascular accidents (CVAs), also known as strokes. The paper also gives an outline of the responsibilities of nurses caring for such patients and what is expected of them.
From the Paper
"A stroke or cardiovascular accident causes damage to the brain when the blood supply is reduced or stopped completely usually by the bursting of a blood vessel or the occlusion of a vessel by a blood clot . A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery and blocks the blood supply to part of the brain. An embolic stroke occurs when a blood clot or piece of plaque breaks away in another part of the body and blocks an artery in..."
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Air Accident Investigations, 2009.
A research paper looking at the airline operating conditions that may affect aircraft damage severity.
15,481 words (approx. 61.9 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the relevant literature concerning air accidents and their investigation in order to identify current issues, problems and trends that need further investigation. The paper examines the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning aviation safety in general, and air accident investigations in particular. The paper further examines the quantitative analysis of the causes and incidence of various types of aircraft accidents and a recapitulation of recent media reports concerning the same. The paper concludes with a summary of the research and salient findings and recommendations. The paper contains graphs and tables.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Methodology of Study
Overview of Study
Definition of Key Terms
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The research showed that during the period from 1983 and 2002, there were 74 aviation accidents categorized as "major," 39 aviation accidents categorized as "serious," 267 aviation accidents with injuries, and 275 aviation accidents with damage reported. On the positive side, the number of fatalities per 100,000 hours of flight time during the period 1994 through 2003 decreased somewhat, from a high in 1994 of about 3.35 to a low of 2.2 in 1999; however, there has been a slight increase since that time with an upward trend developing since 2000 to 2003 to a rate of about 2.45 per 100,000 hours of flight time. The causes for aviation fatalities over the past 50 years have included pilot error (weather- and mechanical-related), human error, weather, mechanical failure and sabotage, as well as causes listed as "other." In addition, during the period from 1994 to 2003, the different type of operation that have contributed to aviation fatalities are led by personal and business flights (by far), followed by corporate/executive operations, aerial applications and flight instruction."
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Organ Response to an Accident, 2008.
A case study analysis of the way that organs and systems respond to trauma in order to reduce destruction and increase chances of survival.
757 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a woman who presented to the emergency room of a hospital following an accident and looks at
how the woman's various organs and systems responded to trauma. The paper then looks at how many of these responses can result in minimizing chances of organ destruction and in increasing the victim's chances of surviving an accident.
From the Paper
"The woman's kidney function is decreased due to lowered blood pressure, which affects the rate that the kidneys are able to filter waste products from the blood. In an acute shock situation, the body shuts down many of its functions in the interest of addressing the patient's most-urgent problem. In addition to reduced kidney function, the patient's brain function slows down; she may appear lethargic, have difficulty talking, and eventually lapse into a coma. This is due to the body's diverting blood supply from the brain, which typically takes 20% of oxygen and nutrition, to other areas which require it most."
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Staten Island Ferry Accident, 2006.
Examines this incident from a public relations perspective.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the 2003 Staten Island Ferry accident that killed 10 people, from the standpoint of public relations. The writer explores the way the information was disseminated and given to the public by various agencies. The writer then examines and outlines a model public relations plan that the NYDOT should have adopted.
From the Paper
"The 'public relations' strategies and tactics adopted by NYCDOT were excellent in many areas. They worked to provide the public with needed information while also working hard to lower the sense of panic and hysteria that could begin. The public relations efforts were also effective in immediately creating a sense of credibility so that the public felt things were under control and being dealt with. There were areas however that should have been handled differently so that the public could have been assured without the appearance of sugar coating the situation."
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Cali, Columbia Accident: American Airlines Flight 965, 2006.
An analysis of the American Airlines Flight 965 crash in Cali, Columbia.
7,500 words (approx. 30.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 164.95
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Abstract
This paper reconstructs the crash of American Airlines Flight 965, which departed Miami International Airport, Miami, Florida, in route to Alfonso Bonilla Aragon International Airport in Cali, Colombia on the night of December 20, 1995. It examines in detail the human and environmental factors that caused the events. The paper lists suggestions made by the National Transportation Safety Board to improve flight safety and prevent such accidents in the future. In conclusion, however, the paper point out that the overwhelming majority of these changes have not been implemented because of the politics involving admitting fault and determining which party (or parties) was ultimately responsible. Instead of focusing on changes that have the potential to positively impact the greater good, the legal departments of the different companies involved must actively work to shield themselves from potential lawsuits from victims' families.
Table of Contents:
Introduction - Factual Account of Events
Environmental Factors
Human Factors
Hardware
Software
Strange and Unusual Occurrences
NTSB Recommendations and Recent Changes
Appendix (includes diagrams and photographs)
From the Paper
"The environment on American Airlines flight 965 to Cali, Columbia was in a state of constant change. Many factors affected the flight situation and helped provide a setting without situational awareness. Several environments constituted the flight. At times, it was one of confusion, one of pressure because of a time constraint, one with lack of equipment in Cali, unawareness of terrain, inadequate preparation, communication breakdowns, and lack of pilot experience."
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Complex Life on Earth: Cosmic Accident or Logic of Evolution?, 2001.
An analysis of the book "Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe."
1,655 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a critical look at the book "Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe", by Peter Ward and Donald Brownlee. It discusses their theories of the beginning of life on Earth and additional theories to life on other planets. It challenges their research and data and offers other explanations and theories.
From the Paper
"Was the occurrence of complex life on the planet Earth an isolated event or simply the next logical step in evolution? Ward and Brownlee seem to believe complex life is unique to our home world or at least extremely scarce in the Universe.1 In addition to the factors in their Rare Earth equation, mentioned in their book are some specific factors peculiar to Earth that may have affected the development of complex life. Beginning with the planet Mars, W&B argue that the fossil record shows that the cooling Earth developed bacterial life as soon as conditions permitted. They suggest that this may be because the bacteria first developed on Mars, which cooled earlier, and that perhaps Earth was then seeded with these bacteria carried by meteorites reaching our planet after having been ejected from Mars by asteroid impacts. The low gravity of Mars makes this more likely, and it is estimated that ten percent of meteors ejected from Mars may impact Earth. A system lacking a Mars-like planetary companion might have been slower to develop bacterial life."
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Army Aviation Accidents, 2009.
A research proposal to explore the implications of aviation resource management survey (ARMS) inspections on military aviation accident rates.
9,869 words (approx. 39.5 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 200.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the purpose of the research is to ascertain the effects of aviation resource management survey (ARMS) inspections on aviation accident rates in the U.S. army. The paper presents the hypothesis that ARMS inspections decrease Army aviation accidents and proposes to look into the United States Army Europe and Seventh Army (USAREUR) aviation accident statistics over a four-year period. The paper provides an extensive literature review and outlines the exact research methodology to be utilized.
Outline:
Abstract
Chapter One - Introduction
Chapter Two - Review of Literature
Chapter Three - Methodology
From the Paper
"United States Army aviation resources are an expensive, finite product in the budget of the United States government. The numbers of helicopters required in war fighting deployments have a direct impact in peacekeeping missions and waging war in global conflicts. The loss of United States Army helicopters directly impact the mission, capability, and accomplishment of Army aviation in deployments and support missions to ground forces. The expenditure of these valuable assets, to include loss of life, directly impact the strategy of the United States Army. If present aviation accident trends continue, coupled with combat losses, the expectation of over one billion dollars in United States Army aviation accidents, Class A through C, will become a reality. This downward spiral in aviation accidents must be stopped."
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Death by Electrical Accidents and the Law, 2004.
A focus on the California laws regarding wrongful death and in particular, death resulting from electrical accidents.
1,131 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how there are special laws protecting both the consumer and the worker who have to deal with electricity, particularly California Public Utilities section 8031 and 8033. It looks at how any person who is injured by an electrical accident can sue if the accident was caused by the negligence or wrongdoing of another. It also discusses how, in the case of the electric companies, they must make frequent inspections to insure that the lines are not defective or pose a threat to the safety of the consume ; they are responsible for protecting against any forces of nature or foreseeable threats that could result in injury or death. It also shows how, according to the law, the power company has a ?non-delegable? duty to construct and maintain its facilities in a safe condition.
From the Paper
"In the case of Pappert v. San Diego Gas & Electric (186 cal. Rptr 847), the plaintiff. Susan A. Pappert and her children, appealed the wrongful death of her husband, Charles, arising from his electrocution while trying to cut a tree close to the uninsulated 12,000-volt power line. Were the findings correct in stating that SDG&E could not have reasonably foreseen that the defendant?s own acts would cause him harm? It cannot be proved that the tree pruner ever came in contact with the power line because no one witnessed it. So therefore, who can say what truly happened? There are some that say the tree itself may have been energized by the wire."
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Airplane Accidents in the Media, 2002.
This paper examines the amount of airplane accidents that get covered in the media versus the number of the airplane accidents that actually happen.
1,021 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines how the news media has been changed from a brave, controversy-seeking faction to a community of self-censoring, congress-fearing puppets of whom the politically powerful are the puppeteers. The writer argues that the media is not the same establishment that once looked for the extra, but it is merely a reserved, timid society, a society that has ignored its once unquenchable thirst for the truth in order to satisfy its hunger for the more material things, money and power.
From the Paper
"It is a calm, cold morning in Maine and the news is blaring in one household. The family hears that there has been another violent plane crash. Little Jimmy is quaking in his shoes, because he knows that the story will be covered constantly for most of the week, if not longer. Violent images will be shown on the television that his parents bought for Jimmy's favorite educational television shows. Jimmy decides to change the channel, but almost all of the channels are covering the same information about the plane crash. Then, an image of a man who died in the crash appears on television. Little Jimmy bursts into tears. Jimmy grows up to detest the news, and to hate plane crashes. Why must the news cover tragedies so extensively?"
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Aircraft Accidents, 2006.
A review of a 2001 study regarding the factors that contribute to aircraft accidents.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explores a 2001 study of aircraft accident indicators, including pilot age, gender, education, flying experience, previous accident involvement and attitudes toward flying. The paper examines the study's methodology and findings in each of these areas before focusing on the role of the pilot's personality on airplane crashes. The paper shows how research indicates that personality is involved in decisions to stick to a flight plan regardless of weather, or abandon it in. The paper also examines whether gain (personal safety) or loss (money, time) is instrumental in those situations and concludes that these decisions do not disprove the function of personality, but rather reinforce it -- especially in light of the equivocal results of simulation experiments designed to test the hypothesis that it is the gain/loss continuum alone that determines whether a pilot will continue or abandon a flight plan in the presence of adverse weather information.
From the Paper
"Hunter used data obtained in a national survey of pilots c completed in 1994 with the purpose of examining the validity of measure for predicting accidents and those that occurred after. Hunter used those finding to address two issues: "the relationships among the various measures and accident involvement" (Hunger, 2001, p. 509+). The population Hunter had at his disposal was significant; 561,485 active pilots (those who had been issued a valid airman medical certificate in the preceding 25 months) were used to draw 19,657 participants representing a cross-section of private, commercial and airline transport certificate holders. Those participants then filled out an extensive questionnaire, and, while it was not a personality inventory per se, it did contain 27 questions concerning attitudes about flying."
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Home-Related Accidents, 2004.
A brief discussion of home-related accidents and how to prevent them.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the unfortunately common occurrence of children being severely injured in home-related accidents. The paper contends that the majority of these accidents could have been prevented by implementing minimal safety measures. Statistics are provided regarding the number of children injured in accidents within the home in the United Kingdom. The paper outlines basic safety measures that should be taken to prevent these accidents.
From the Paper
"It is an unfortunate fact that accidents affect young children within their own homes everywhere in the world, and if the adults had taken a mite more care and acted more responsibly, countless number of lives would have been saved, and quite a few instances of injury involving small children could have been prevented. In the United Kingdom alone, it is reported that about 320 children under the age of fourteen died of home-related accidents, mainly by poisoning and injuries due to various other reasons, in the year 2002. This is a figure that shows that more children die due to home-related accidents than of fatal diseases like leukemia and meningitis. These are the types of accidents that may occur to a child within the home: a fall or a trip, either at the same level, or from one level to another. Burns and scalds was another major risk within the home, and either hot drinks or fires caused most of these accidents. Poisoning was another important cause for the death of small children, and this is something that can be easily prevented with the minimum amount of safety measures. (How Many Children are injured in Accidents?) "
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