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The Abortion Rights Struggle in Canada, 2002.
Analyzes the social dynamics of the Canadian pro-choice/pro-life movements from a sociological perspective.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
The focus of this paper will be not upon the issue of abortion rights so much as upon the social dynamics of the pro-choice/pro-life movements which have been in conflict over abortion.
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Abortion Rights are Human Rights, 2005.
This paper discusses and argues that the rights to abortion are in themselves human rights.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This is an opinion paper explaining why abortion is a human right and should be available to all women as long as the fetus is not an "actual life" but is still a "potential life." The writer argues that the mother's human rights would take precedence over the "potential life" of the fetus, and once the fetus has transitioned to "actual life" then the mother's rights would be seriously limited.
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Abortion Rights, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of the sociology of abortion and looks at abortion rights among women.
2,269 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the subject of abortion requires exploration into multiple moral, social and religious values. The writer points out that some may argue that abortion also requires an exploration of political views and legal perspectives, as the concept and subject is often shaped by multiple dynamics including those in the political realm. This paper reviews the subject of abortion from a sociological standpoint, arguing that women should be allowed the right to an abortion. The writer concludes that a woman's right to an abortion should be upheld and that women should be afforded the opportunity to make the decision they feel is best for them and their family when it comes to their body and their privacy.
Outline:
Introduction
History of the Problem
Discussion Present Situation
Opinion
Conclusions and Summary
References
From the Paper
"The subject of abortion is one that has long been argued among politicians, sociologists, humanists and citizens. Controversial because it involves one's definitions of life and values as a human, the subject of abortion is one that legal analysts have reviewed over decades. Ultimately however, the subject of abortion is one that rests on a woman's right to privacy. As a woman's "right" to privacy is a right upheld by the law, one can only assume that a woman should be guaranteed that right under the law. Because abortion involves one's personal decisions affecting their bodies, it is important that sociologists, psychologists and legal analysts avoid applying political idealisms to the subject of abortion, and rather consider the subject of abortion based on value systems and beliefs."
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Abortion and Rights, 2008.
A critique of George and Sheila Grant's 1986 article, "Abortion and Rights."
1,532 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the logical fallacies in George and Sheila Grant's 1986 article, "Abortion and Rights". Particularly, the paper looks at the Grants' use of a faulty premise, their use of ad hominem arguments and their appeals to the reader's sympathy, their use of the "slippery slope" argument and their use of appeals to antiquity and to authority.
In the end, the paper argues that these logical shortcomings diminish the force of their arguments even in the eyes of readers who are inclined to share their position.
From the Paper
"To begin with, it may be said - even though this writer is sympathetic to the argument presented in many ways - that they (the Grants) are guilty of producing a faulty (or at least highly dubious) premise in one of the central arguments of her paper. For instance, when discussing the controversial 1973 Supreme Court decision, Roe v. Wade, the Grants state that the High Court chose to resolve the case on the basis of individuals having inalienable rights within a democratic society. But, in settling the case in the manner it did, the Court essentially concluded that the mother has all of the rights and the fetus has no rights at all. As George and Sheila Grant argue, by negating the rights of the fetus - by making it non-existent - the Court is stating that the fetus has no right to continued existence. At this juncture, the authors become guilty of injecting their faulty premise into the proceedings. Specifically, they assert that, since the fetus is the same species as the mother, the fundamental question becomes the following: what is it about the mother (or any person) that makes it appropriate for her to have any rights herself (118)? The question is a faulty one inasmuch as there is no acknowledgement of the possibility that the fetus is not really "human" at all; in other words, if it cannot live independently outside the womb, if its basic organs are not sufficiently developed to allow it to live in the same environment that humans live in, and if it cannot "think" or excogitate in the way that human beings can, then perhaps the fetus is (as feminists often state) merely a bundle of cells. Naturally enough, if the fetus can be differentiated from the human family, then it can also be differentiated from the mother; to wit, just because a fetus does not have certain inalienable rights does not mean that the mother should not have certain inalienable rights. On this basis, the couple predicates their argument upon a premise that may very well not stand up to scrutiny. As an addendum, it could be argued that they commit a formal fallacy inasmuch as they compose a deductive argument - humans have rights; fetuses are human; therefore, fetuses must have rights - that is (maybe) probable, but certainly not "air-tight" because there is too much uncertainty over whether or not fetuses (at least in the early stages of pregnancy) really are human.
At the same time, a case can be made that the Grants commit the logical sins of engaging in ad hominem and "appeal to pity" arguments that do not server their paper well. For example, the ad hominem argument takes place - at least in the view of this writer - when the authors write about how history is riddled with terrible examples of persecution carried out by regimes that have decided to leave entire groups of people outside the scope of human rights. As they put it, "Mass murder comes when we forget what a human being is, and begin to regard people as accidental conglomerations of matter" (Grant & Grant, 119). Leaving aside the earlier doubts about the veracity of claiming that fetuses are human, the argument is compromised by the fact that the couple is implicitly associating those who have abortions (or those who carry them out) with mass-murderers who have exterminated (or tried to exterminate) whole classes of people. In this sense, they are launching an ad hominem attack of sorts insofar as they are focusing upon their adversaries and their perceived moral deficiencies and not upon the validity of their arguments."
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Abortion and the Rights of Minors, 1990.
This paper ia a historical and legal analysis of abortion as it pertains to the rights of minors as given by both state and federal constitutions: Court decisions, parental consent, privacy vs. responsibility and fetal viability.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 18 sources, $ 127.95
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From the Paper
"This paper focuses on abortion pertaining to the rights of minors Consideration is given to both state and federal constitutions. In particular, the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is analyzed to ascertain infringement of liberty, if any, upon the rights of minors to obtain an abortion without parental consent or notification, the rights of parents to be informed of such actions to maintain family unity, and the responsibility of the state to protect its citizens.
Historical Analysis
Abortion1 is not a new issue in the United States: rather, the practice was legally used as early as 1660. Restrictive abortion laws were not written until the late nineteenth century and went unchallenged until the evolution of the women's movement of the 1960s.2 The first winds of change were moderate. ... "
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Thomson's Allegory for Abortion Rights, 2008.
A review of the arguments presented in Judith Jarvis Thomson's article, "A Defense of Abortion."
839 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper provides the ethical background to Judith Jarvis Thomson's allegory of the violinist and the woman in regards to the right to life for pregnant mothers who need abortions in mortal circumstances. The paper discusses the arguments in Thomson's article, "A Defense of Abortion", and concludes that Thomson provides an ethically sound argument for abortion rights.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, the allegory of the violinist provides a rational and moral argument for abortion that takes the mother's life into account before the child within her. The immediate threat to life and the choice of keeping the mother alive is a valid argument, since she has not consciously disregard the child's life simply out of inconvenience. The premise of Thomson's logic resides on questioning the issue of murder for abortion, since the mother's life is just as valuable (if not more), than the unborn fetus that resides within her. In this manner, Thomson makes a rational and ethical argument through the premise of the violinist allegory in this article."
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Abortion and Women's Rights, 2007.
A discussion of a woman's right to have an abortion.
1,683 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the controversial subject of abortion from the perspective of women's rights. The paper is written from a pro-choice perspective, and argues that the right to abortion is essentially a women's prerogative. This study explores the various arguments that support the right of women to choose for themselves. Relevant literature is cited including studies that pertain not only to American women but also women in developing nations. The author concludes that women's reproductive rights should be seen in the larger context of class, race and economic discrimination.
Outline:
Abstract
References
From the Paper
"Reproductive rights, as the essential rights of women over their own bodies and sexuality, are not something separate from other issues relating to gender rights. One the central arguments put forward in this regard that it is the woman that must make this choice and not a society that is dominated by male views and prejudices. Considered in this larger context, the issue of abortion is seen in a more appropriate and rational way. "
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Human Rights and the Issue of Abortion, 2005.
A look at the history of the issue of abortion and how it relates to basic human rights.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of legal abortions and human rights. It is an argumentative paper that begins discussion of Roe v. Wade, and the core of the abortion issue - human rights. The paper further discusses the role of women in society, the abortion issue from a global perspective, and the final decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. The conclusion is that abortion rights are equal to human rights, and the rights of women that have been ignored for centuries.
From the Paper
"On January 22, 1973 one of the most controversial decisions in United States Supreme Court history was delivered by Justice Blackmun in Roe v. Wade ("Roe v. Wade"). Roe, a pregnant Texas woman, sought an abortion. She was told, however, that in her home State of Texas abortions were illegal unless the attending physician believed that the pregnancy posed a severe threat to the life of the mother. In Roe's case it did not. Yet, Roe felt that having an abortion should be her decision, not one that should be made by a physician, judge, or court ("Roe v. Wade"). She held that terminating a pregnancy was a personal and intimate decision. It was one which no person other than the expectant mother should have the right to make."
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Equal Rights and Abortion, 2006.
An application of equal rights to the abortion issue.
1,551 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that if all human being's rights are equal before the law, then no human being's rights are superior to another. It argues, however, that there is group of human beings that are being denied their basic human rights in abundance and how these are the unborn children victimized by abortion.
From the Paper
"Pro-choice activists claim that a human being is not truly alive until he is fully developed. If this is true, then any human being who has not yet reached adulthood would be considered "not alive". Babies inside the womb are just in a stage of development, like the toddler years or teen years. Is having a heartbeat enough to make someone human (4 weeks), or does one need a tiny complete human body (13 weeks)? Where does one draw the line? The physiological and developmental differences that occur between the stage of being an unborn child to a born one are minimal vs. the changes that occur between the toddler and the teen years."
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The Abortion Debate in Canada, 2002.
An overview of the abortion debate as it is seen in Canada.
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 57.95
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Abstract
A brief history of abortion and abortion legislation in Canada will be outlined. Subsequently, the arguments advanced by advocates of abortion will be explored. Next the arguments of opponents of abortion will be considered. A brief conclusion will review the preceding arguments and attempt to reach some general conclusions.
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Legal Abortion in Canada, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of legal abortion in Canada.
1,149 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer explains that abortion was decriminalized and abortion clinics were established in Canada as a result of direct challenges to federal and provincial governments. The writer looks at Section 251, which restricted the conditions under which abortions could be performed and not be considered an indictable offense. The writer notes that on January 28, 1988, the Supreme Court of Canada declared Section 251 of the Criminal Code unconstitutional. The writer concludes that social policies that support women, including prenatal education, universal daycare, parental leave, community midwives, affordable housing and economic equality, are needed in order to ensure real freedom of reproductive choice.
From the Paper
"Section 251 was passed in 1969. This law criminalized abortion under any circumstances but in an accredited hospital with a therapeutic abortion committee. Activism in opposition to that law began in 1970 when Dr. Henry Morgentaler was arrested for doing abortions without the consent of an abortion committee and outside of an accredited hospital. He performed the abortions as an act of civil disobedience, and when he was prosecuted in Quebec in 1973, 1975 and 1976, all three juries refused to convict him as a criminal. In 1976 a newly elected Parti Quebecois government refused to continue with the prosecutions of Dr. Morgentaler, and English Canadian activism subsided because the new government promised there would be no further cases brought before the Court for violation of Section 251. Although Section 251 was a federal law, cases were prosecuted in the provinces. Abortion was de-criminalized, but women continued to fight in Quebec for better access to abortion services and for public medical insurance coverage for abortions done in clinics and health centers."
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The Issue of Abortion and Abortion Law, 2001.
This paper examines the issues of abortion and abortion law
6,015 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 20 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper examines various aspects of abortion and abortion law such as social and ethical concerns as well as the law, and more specifically concerned to that of women's rights.
From the paper:
"While medical science is making abortion much safer for the woman, the debates and the legal battles continue unabated. In the United States, the battles rage in the courts, the Congress and state legislatures. There have even been violent confrontations in the clinics where abortions are performed. There are people in favor of giving the woman the right to abort, and people who are not prepared to allow abortion except when it puts the life of the mother in danger. In between these two extreme positions, we have people taking intermediate positions."
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A Struggle for Identity: CBC and Hockey Night in Canada, 2002.
An exploration of the part of hockey in the composition of Canada's national identity, focusing on a program broadcasted by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC).
1,534 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at multi-ethnicity in Canada and at what unifies this nation. It focuses on the sport of hockey as an important component of the country?s national identity. It looks at the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and its struggle for identity, claiming that when it broadcasted its first ?Hockey Night? in Canada, it found it?s ?true being?. The paper explores the origin and importance of CBC?s ?Hockey Night? to national unity. It explains how the program crossed the boundaries of young and old, rich and poor, urban and rural, French and English, east and west. The paper also discusses the controversial aspect of the program?s time slot, overlapping the national news. The status of the program as a source of education is mentioned and the paper concludes with a review of the contribution of CBC?s ?Hockey Night? to the national identity of Canadians.
From the Paper
"Canada is comprised of many different cultures, spread over a vast geographical region. The only way for all these different types of people all over Canada to create a cohesive united nation to dwell on the similarities, which are shared amongst the majority. Cultural identity, it could be said can found when a whole nation can share in and care about a similar subject. For Canada this sense of national identity is represented by the sport of hockey. In any social or academic setting where the topic of discussion is Canadian identity the lists always begin with peacekeeping and multiculturalism and always come back to hockey. Some may say hockey is only a symbol of Canadian identity, and is no different then a moose, a beaver, or long winters. Hockey however has more then a symbolic animal because hockey gives a spirit of unification and it is here where our country has celebrated some of its greatest victories and most horrifying defeats. The love of the sport of hockey may not be shared by all Canadian citizens, but it is certainly been loved and adored by many since its beginnings in Montreal in 1875."
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Quebec's Struggle to be a Distinct Society Within Canada, 1999.
A look at the problem relationship between Quebec and Canada and a suggestion on what needs to happen before Quebec's national aspirations can be satisfied within Canada.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 73.95
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From the Paper
"Canada and Quebec have always been in conflict from the confederation of 1867 to the Supreme Court judgment on the secession of Quebec in 1998. Quebec faces several challenges in terms of constitutional relations with the rest of Canada. Fundamentally at the roots of the unity problem lies Quebec?s desire for special status ? to preserve and protect its culture and language ? and Canada?s refusal to acknowledge Quebec as une province et un peuple pas comme les autres, as a distinct society. Unless Canada is willing to acknowledge Quebec?s distinctiveness, Canada?s relationship with Quebec will remain problematic and unsolved: but there is hope. By learning from the lessons of the past, Canadians can help articulate their future. It is important to see the Meech and Charlottetown accords not as failures but as learning experiences. It must also be comprehended that Quebec cannot be accorded its wishes regarding distinct society and other reforms without simultaneously satisfying the desires of Western Canadians and initiating a reform process satisfactory to the Aboriginals. Only then can Quebec?s national aspirations be satisfied within Canada. "
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