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"Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens", 2007.
An overview of abortion from a feminist ethics stance through a review of "Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens" by Susan Sherwin.
1,896 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a critique of a work by Susan Sherwin, "Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens," which takes the stance that abortion is appropriate within the individual contexts of many women's lives and should be determined by the needs and concerns of women - and not by the needs and concerns of the fetus. The paper outlines Sherwin's major conclusions on this important topic and the premises which underlie her position. The paper also notes several counter-arguments which can be raised in objection to her views. It concludes that while her article certainly has merit, she fails to satisfactorily consider the implications of her thought on some matters.
From the Paper
"Most non-feminist perspectives on abortion consider the moral or the legal permissibility of the act in isolation whereas feminist perspectives look at abortion within the context of institutions that (allegedly) seek to subordinate women. Also, whereas other perspectives look at abortion within the context of abstract constructions such as property rights, feminist perspectives seek to look at abortion within the context of a woman's particular needs when she chooses this course of action. Going further, feminists argue that the moral dimensions of the discussion extend beyond simply whether or not abortion is right or wrong; they must also include a discussion about whether or not abortion clinics and services are accessible to women contemplating an abortion."
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Abortion and Ethics, 2005.
A discussion about the ethical consequences of abortion.
1,885 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
Abortion is a serious political, social and legal issue which has always been highly contentious. In this paper, the writer studies the issue from ethical perspective and discusses its possible spiritual and psychological consequences. The paper concludes that abortion raises ethical, spiritual, social and psychological issues and it is against Christian values and results in hazardous consequences.
Outline:
Abortion and Ethics
Varying Viewpoints Regarding Abortion
Proven and Possible Consequences of Abortion
Spiritual Consequences
Psychological Consequences
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"In 1989, the survey conducted by Los Angeles Times discovered that "56% of women who had abortions felt guilty about it, and 26% "mostly regretted the abortion" (). Problems related to after-affects of abortion have been clinically proven and are called PAS. Research proves that "women suffering PAS may experience drug and alcohol abuse, personal relationship disorders, sexual dysfunction, repeated abortions, communications difficulties, damaged self-esteem, and even attempt suicide. Post-Abortion Syndrome appears to be a type of pattern of denial, which may last for five to ten years before emotional difficulties surface" (Is Abortion safe?)."
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Abortion and Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses both sides of the abortion debate.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the underlying ethical arguments of both sides of the abortion debate, using Ronald Dworkin's "sanctity of life" principles. In this article, the writer includes all forms of abortion, from early fetal abortion through the RU46 drug to late-term abortions, from abortions out of "convenience" to abortions in cases of rape and incest. The essay evaluates how the anti-abortion crusade has framed its campaign on the personhood and the rights of the unborn fetus. The second part looks at the pro-abortion movement, which has framed its issue as a campaign for women's rights to privacy and reproductive freedom. The writer concludes that both pro- and anti-abortion factions have a common interest in seeing a society with no abortion, where the stigma and economic concerns attached to unwanted pregnancies no longer apply.
Outline:
Abortion and Ethics
Anti-Abortion Arguments
Pro-Abortion Arguments
Works Cited
From the Paper
"All these scientific arguments about fetal heart rates and brainwaves serve to tie abortion to a greater and more clear-cut moral issue - murder. At issue is what Ronald Dworkin terms people's belief in "the sanctity of life," a multidimensional value measured in several factors. First, life itself has an instrumental value, because everyone's life can contribute to the interests and well being of society as a whole. Second, life has a personal value, a good or personal worth to the living individual. Finally, beyond the instrumental and personal, life also has an intrinsic value. This intrinsic value exists independently of other people's valuation, regardless of the beliefs of its possessor or other observers."
"By proving that a fetus has a heartbeat, distinct DNA and brainwaves, through graphic films showing how a fetus reacts to shock and pain, the anti-abortion camp is focusing on what Dworkin identifies as the intrinsic value of life."
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Abortion: An Ethical Issue, 2002.
This essay discusses the ethical dilemna that the abortion issue presents using the arguments of three philosophers, Judith Jarvis-Thompson, Mary Anne Warren and Don Marquis to analytically discuss and debate each of their individual positions.
4,083 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
Examined here is the seemingly intractable debate that has garnered much debate and philosophical discourse. Is abortion unethical? If so, on what grounds? Does a fetus have an unquestionable right to life? The arguments of three philosphers, Thompson, Warren, and Marquis attempt to construe argument devoid of appeal to religious sources. Actual logical arguments are put forth and then dissected by the author. Instruction of Informal fallacies also included, as well as topics such as debate through analogies, Criteria of Personhood, and Potentiality theories: FLO theory.
From the Paper
"First let us begin with an argument derived from the article by Judith Jarvis-Thompson entitled, ?A Defense of Abortion.? She starts of with explaining the common pro-life argument, which relies heavily on the premise that a fetus is a human being and a person at the moment of conception. While examining the continuous expectancy that the fetus constantly develops into a child, she from this judges that to draw a line of personhood from this point or another is to exemplify the argument with an arbitrary carelessness. She makes no attempt to refute a fetus as a person or otherwise. To do so she deems as participation in a ?slippery-slope argument.? Thompson acknowledges that the fetus is a human well before it?s birth, for it would be biologically unsound to state otherwise. Based on her take of the anti-abortionist?s argument an acorn (a potential oak tree) would be viewed in the same way as an Oak tree is, even though that this is an incorrect and rather crude observation. From this basis, she says on cannot make a good examination until a better counter-argument is examined and then she says we will have more sufficient grounds on which to reject it or not."
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Abortion: Ethical and Political Issues of RU 486, 2002.
An opinion paper against abortion, focusing on the major controversy surrounding the 'abortion pill' RU 486.
3,689 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that abortion is a totally unacceptable, cruel and unethical practice and should be considered illegal except under some special cases and medical circumstances that indicate a danger to the mother. The writer states that the judicial system must consider the ethical and moral aspects of abortion as an intrinsic part of the problem when approaching this social issue. The paper discusses that the abortion pill RU486 has not been a breakthrough and instead of making abortion a private and safe method it has only increased the physical discomfort and the psychological ordeal for the woman.
From the Paper
"Abortion is the one of the most debated social issues of this century. The controversy as to the right that man has over the life of a baby in the fetus and in controlling its entry into the world is a much-debated topic. Abortion is nothing but putting an end to the life of the baby by killing it in the womb itself. This social issue assumes all the more importance given the fact that an astounding 1.7 million people have abortions every year in the United States alone. Abortion, which was initially indicated as a life saving procedure, is today misused to suit the whims and fancies of the people. Let us briefly discuss the abortion procedures before going into the ethical and political aspects of RU 486, the latest abortion pill."
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Bio-Ethics: Rape and Abortion, 2007.
A discussion of ethics on whether a teenage rape victim should have an abortion.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the question of whether or not a 15-year old girl, pregnant courtesy a rape committed by an unknown assailant, should abort the fetus or not. The paper also looks at whether or not the parents of the girl have an ethical obligation to counsel her against the abortion, an ethical obligation to counsel her to have the abortion, or whether they should simply stand aside and let the girl make up her own mind. The paper explains that in addressing this problematic subject, it is essential that some philosophical theories be introduced so as to offer an intellectual framework for the discussion and the paper then examines Kant's deontology (with its emphasis upon the categorical imperative) and the theory of utilitarianism espoused by Jeremy Bentham, John Stewart Mills and others (with its concomitant emphasis upon "proportionality"). In conclusion, the paper shows that a deontological approach to this problem is too inflexible and unyielding and that a better resolution is to apply a proportionality test which recognizes that the harm which would be done to the young girl if the child was brought to term outweighs the argument by others that abortion is unethical.
From the Paper
"In the view of Erin Soros, the fetus arising from a rape becomes, at least for the woman or child who must bear it, a manifestation and reminder of the illegitimate desire of another. Additionally, the fetus is "a physical replacement for the part of herself that was lost through the trauma" (Soros, 1998, p.153). From an ethical stand-point, the woman's body has been violated by another and, to the extent that an abortion can heal the psychic wounds inflicted by rape, a woman is entirely within her prerogatives to demand that the product of sexual violence be excised from her being. For the young girl whose story lies at the heart of this paper, there is a utilitarian component to all of this; to wit, the suffering she would endure, and the displacement within her life which would result, from bringing the child to term outweighs whatever loss might be associated with aborting the fetus - at least that is Erin Soros' view."
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The Ethics of Abortion, 2005.
An opinion paper discussing the ethical issues surrounding abortion.
2,050 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper examines issues that make abortion morally and ethically justified. It shows that, while abortion should be avoided and should not be promoted, there are times when it is the only permissible option. The paper also looks at the views of different religions on the issue of abortion.
From the Paper
""Situational ethics is the philosophical position that although there are a few universal truths, different situations call for different responses; therefore some action can be right or wrong depending on the situational factors." (Pollock, p. 395) As stated earlier, there are many situational factors that can make the act of abortion moral or immoral. It is unreasonable to say that abortion is immoral no matter what the circumstances are. Some women risk losing their lives if they carry on with an ectopic pregnancy, some babies' lives may be in danger if they are brought into this world, and some babies may live a harsh life due to physical or mental impairments they may be born with. Situations like these make abortion moral in my opinion."
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Peter Singer?s Utilitarian Ethics and Abortion, 2002.
An examination of Peter Singer's book "Writings on an Ethical Life" and his view on abortion. The paper explains that Peter Singer has been hailed as the most influential living philosopher and ethicist.
1,907 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on Singer?s application of the principle of utility to the ethics of abortion. The first part of the paper discusses how Singer refined the utilitarian principles popularly associated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill to his own principle of preference utilitarianism. The second part examines how Singer applies this preference utilitarianism to conclude that abortion is completely moral and ethical. The last section is a critical examination of Singer?s utilitarian approach to abortion, as he articulates in the book "Writings on an Ethical Life."
From the Paper
"Recognizing the difficulty of measuring pleasure or happiness, Singer instead proposes a principle of utility based on interests. He writes that ?my own interests cannot, simply because they are my interests, count more than the interests of anyone else? (16). Instead of acting according to our own self-interests, Singer calls on people to take on a universal point of view. In essence, one?s own interests and ideas matter only when seen in their consequence to everyone else?s interests. Singer calls this view ?preference utilitarianism.?"
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The Ethics of Abortion, 2006.
An analysis of the ethical and moral arguments for and against abortion.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the ethical conflicts surrounding abortion. The paper begins with an overview of ethics concepts, including beneficence, justice and autonomy. After explaining each of these terms, the paper attempts to apply them to the question of abortion. The author begins with the pro-life position, detailing how these three principles relate to the unborn child. Next the author applies the same principles to the rights of the mother to make decisions regarding her own body. The author concludes that both the pro-life and pro-choice factions have compelling ethical arguments on their side.
Outline
Introduction
Ethics Principles
Ethics Principles and Promotion of the Pro-Life Position
Ethics Principles and the Promotion of the Pro-Choice Position
Analysis and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The principle of beneficence certainly does not support abortion. The requirement for nonmaleficence is violated when a fetus is aborted, as harm is intentionally being inflicted on an innocent human being. Abortions do not in any way promote the values of goodness, kindness, and charity. And, although the mother may feel that she is benefiting from the abortion, she may well be inflicting physical and mental harm on herself. Likewise, the principle of justice is violated by abortion. When a mother conceives, she owes life to her baby. In aborting her fetus, a mother is not treating her baby in accordance with what is fair, due, or owed. Fairness would dictate that a mother give her baby a chance at life. She owes, and her baby is due, no less. She can always place the baby for adoption if she does not want it."
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The Ethics of Abortion, 2007.
A comparison of the arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral".
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the respective arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral." The paper argues that while the two approaches to the question of abortion are distinct in their fundamental assumptions, in general both arguments are based on the same methodological premise that the complex ethical issues surrounding abortion can be understood through what may be termed a "property-rights" approach. The paper concludes that Marquis' argument is marginally stronger than Thomson's in this regard.
From the Paper
"Thomson's analogy that for a mother to be compelled to carry a person she does not want for nine months - with the possibility of years of support following - is analogous to someone using one's property without permission is clearly very strong. It suggests that the self-defense argument is particularly strong, to the point of being almost unchallengeable. After all, if we defend the right of a person to defend his own life to the point of killing another if necessary, then why cannot the same rule apply to a mother. More broadly, why should a mother be forced to allow another person use of their property should they not wish this? In contrast, Marquis seems to emphasize the value of the property in this analysis. For the mother to terminate a fetus would be, in effect, the elimination of decades of life-value for the unborn fetus."
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Ethics and Abortion, 2002.
An indepth exploration of both sides of the abortion debate.
2,646 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Almost three decades after the landmark 1973 Roe vs. Wade case legalizing abortion in America, the issue remains the greatest moral flashpoint facing America today. This paper examines the underlying ethical arguments of both sides of the abortion debate, using Ronald Dworkin?s ?sanctity of life? principles. By ?abortion,? this paper includes all forms of abortion, from early fetal abortion through the RU46 drug to late-term abortions, from abortions out of ?convenience? to abortions in cases of rape and incest. It evaluates how the anti-abortion crusade has framed their campaign on the personhood and the rights of the fetus. The second part looks at the pro-abortion movement, which has framed their issue as a campaign for women?s reproductive rights. Finally, the paper examines the approach of a minority of women, activists from both camps who are working to bridge the gap between pro- and anti-abortion factions.
By presenting both sides, this paper argues that because of current societal structures that make unwanted pregnancy more likely to happen and its consequences more difficult to assume, abortion must remain an option, a ?necessary evil.? Both pro- and anti-abortion factions, however, must work towards their common ground ? a society where abortions are no longer necessary.
From the Paper
"Despite the legality of abortion and its importance to women?s rights, anti-abortion activists have successfully curtailed several pro-choice gains. More important, the ?pro-life? camp?s appeals to a higher moral law have successfully placed pro-choice advocates on the defensive.
However, pro-choice advocates also frame their stand on morality. Forcing a woman to continue and unwelcome pregnancy is ultimately harmful to the mother and the child. The creation of unwanted and uncared-for children has a two-fold effect of limiting a woman?s potential for both the present and future motherhood. As Roiphe states, becoming a mother is a crucial choice and its imposition makes women into ?slaves of their biology? (142)."
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Ethics, Religion and The Issue of Abortion in Medicine, 2006.
A look at the highly contentious issue of abortion from a medical perspective, a philosophical perspective and a theological perspective.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The social order of the United States has been in a continuous debate over the issue of abortion since the early 1800s. State and federal laws have affected the legal medical practice of abortions and the individuals on both sides of the issue within the health care profession. The Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade contended that laws relating to women's rights were unconstitutional. However, the court also stated that the issue of when life begins, to address ethical concerns about abortion, would ultimately have to be determined by those in "medicine, philosophy and theology". This paper considers the ongoing and controversial abortion debate, looking at different theological and ethical perspectives as well as the medical perspective on the topic.
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The Issue of Abortion and Abortion Law, 2001.
This paper examines the issues of abortion and abortion law
6,015 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 20 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper examines various aspects of abortion and abortion law such as social and ethical concerns as well as the law, and more specifically concerned to that of women's rights.
From the paper:
"While medical science is making abortion much safer for the woman, the debates and the legal battles continue unabated. In the United States, the battles rage in the courts, the Congress and state legislatures. There have even been violent confrontations in the clinics where abortions are performed. There are people in favor of giving the woman the right to abort, and people who are not prepared to allow abortion except when it puts the life of the mother in danger. In between these two extreme positions, we have people taking intermediate positions."
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Abortion, 2004.
This paper discusses the law and ethics of abortion.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the legal status of abortions and of the fetus. The author evaluates and the ethics of abortion and of making a woman carry a fetus to term. The paper considers situations where an abortion is ethical, if not legal.
From the Paper
"Considering what is ethical and what is legal in terms of abortion can become very complex. When the Roe v Wade decision was handed down by the Supreme Court in legalizing abortion many believed that the Court's reasoning in reaching their decision could just as easily be used to justify infanticide which is clearly against the law. Dr. C. Everett Koop then Surgeon-in-Chief at Philadelphia's Children's Hospital and Professor of Pediatric Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania gave a commencement speech that year at Wheaton College predicting ..."
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Abortion, 2002.
A discussion of the ethics of abortion, using examples.
1,885 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how abortion has always been a very sensitive issue and how most of the nation is divided into two camps, pro-choice, and pro-life. Those who are in the pro-choice camp believe that abortion is the choice of the woman because it is her body and her life that will be forever altered by having a baby. Those that are pro-life believe it is the killing of a child and should never be done. It looks at how abortion has held its position as one of the most heated and emotional topics in the country for many years. Using examples it demonstrates how although for pro-choice and pro-life advocates most cases are clearly cut and dry regarding the ethics in the case. However for some cases it is not as clear and the decision to perform an abortion has to rest on the ethical conscious of the health care professional.
From the Paper
"Many women suffer from depression. If an unwanted pregnancy is in the picture depression can occur. Depression can affect many aspects of the patient?s life including the ability to eat, sleep and function. Now the decision in this and future causes discuss the health of the baby. According to this decision an abortion can be performed if carrying the child full term may cause the baby to be born with sever problems or handicaps. If someone is depressed about being pregnant and they are refused an abortion based on ethics it may cause them to do harmful things to their body. They may stop eating correctly, or they may begin or continue to take illegal drugs or drink to excess. In addition they may ingest things that are not healthy or conducive for the baby to thrive in the womb. All of the above are things that can easily happen if one is depressed about a pending and unwanted childbirth."
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