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"The Wealth of Nations", 2004.
Examines how Adam Smith envisioned human harmony in economics in his famous work.
759 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 27.95
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Abstract
Adam Smith's seminal text "The Wealth of Nations" stands as a tribute to the value of capitalism. Fundamentally, its author espouses an optimistic faith in the essential rationalism of human society and human desires. The paper shows how Smith believes in the ability of human economic impulses to balance one another in a state of equilibrium involving supply, costs, and consumer demand, if there is no interference by outside forces. Smith suggests that there is an 'invisible hand' that guides market forces in a harmonious way and that the state should not interfere with it. The state should only enforce laws so conflict between human beings is kept to a minimum and so the economy can function. The paper explains that the existence of this 'invisible hand' is not generated purely by the economy, but by the nature of modern, human social life that Smith believes is, in its essence, rational and good.
From the Paper
"Smith allows that there is a different kind of value attached by the market to money, as money has a place setting value rather than a value in its intrinsic utility, as in a barter system of goods. Still, Smith believes that the market will always set a fair natural value for a good, based upon the labor required to make a good and the good's costs of production, and the rent expended by the manufacturer. Natural prices made up of wages, profit and rent may be distinct from the market price as determined by supply and demand but the natural price and the market price usually or eventually meet in a state of equilibrium."
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Workplace Safety, 2005.
A look at the Total Safety Management (TSM) philosophy and process developed by David L. Goetsch.
759 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper describes David L. Goetsch's approach to maintaining and establishing a safe and healthy work environment. The paper explains the rationale of Goetsch's approach, describes his belief that the culture of a company is an important element in the establishment of a safe work environment, and outlines the TSM implementation measures.
From the Paper
"It is also dependent upon altering the culture of organizations that adopt it, which means altering the organization's "customs, tradition, rites and rituals" (Goetsch, 1997, p. 15) if necessary to implant the safety-consciousness needed for TSM to work as envisioned. TSM acknowledges that organizations that rely on conventional safety leadership approaches very often fail to inspire optimal safety-related attitudes and behaviors in their employees. Organizations relying on conventional safety and leadership approaches often fail to inspire the necessary safety-related behaviors and attitudes in their employees. (INEL Web site, 2004, total safety culture page)"
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Race and Class in the Pacific Northwest, 2005.
A look at how race and class presented unique problems in the history of the Pacific Northwest.
1,248 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of the history of the Pacific Northwest. Specifically, it discusses how the lives of Mary Arkwright Hutton, Annie Pike Greenwood, and Teiko Tomita, are representative when considering the racial and class tensions of the twentieth century.
From the Paper
"Mary Arkwright Hutton was a union supporter and organizer early in the history of the area. She worked in the mining towns of Idaho, and became an avid union supporter and organizer of the men who labored in the mines. Many politicians and mine owners found her abrasive and difficult, but the men loved her, and listened to her impassioned words about fairness and justness for the mineworkers. After their small mine, The Hercules, made them wealthy, she and her husband moved to a mansion in Spokane, where she continued to work for social causes such as women's suffrage, orphanages, and day-care centers (Schwantes 324). Her social status may have changed from boarding house matron to society matron, but her work continued to champion the disadvantaged and poor. More importantly, her work crossed political boundaries."
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Labor Unions, 2005.
A look at the background, need, and reasons for labor unions.
876 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper, written from a pro-union stance, provides background information on the development of unions, explains the reasons that workers unionize, and takes a look at the pro and con sides of unionization.
From the Paper
"It goes without saying that the balance of power between the employers is always heavily tilted in favor of the employers. The workers are, therefore, vulnerable to gross exploitation leading to low pay, long working hours and poor working conditions. In an unequal relationship, a lone worker stands no chance against an employer who is focused on deriving the maximum profit from his business. Collectively, of course, the workers can be a force to be reckoned with. The initial period of the Industrial Revolution, both in Europe and the United States, was marked by appalling working conditions, and grinding poverty for vast numbers of the working people. Twelve-hour or longer working days for 7 days a week under the harshest of conditions were the norm. The birth of the Labor Movement was, therefore, a logical outcome. Workers in factories, coal-mines, and rail-roads began to organize themselves and demanded better pay and working conditions. The employers, who were used to getting things done cheaply, opposed the formation of such "unions" vigorously. This led to confrontation and strikes but eventually the workers were able to get some of their demands accepted."
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The Future of Unions, 2005.
A look at the changing role of management in the face of globalization and off-shoring.
3,782 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper examines many of the challenges facing managers in today's business environment. Specifically, this paper focuses on whether the negotiating power of unions is affected by outsourcing, off-shoring, and the weak employment market, and if, considering this type of business environment, it would still benefit management to make partnership agreements with unions.
From the Paper
"There are a number of challenges facing managers today, not least of which is the changing face of business. Vestiges of 'old business' are still in use, while the march toward a new business paradigm, including globalization and, worse for many, 'offshoring,' marches on. Several questions arise from this, including whether today's managers, and perhaps more importantly, tomorrow's are equal to the tasks set before them by the changing face of business. The recent supermarket strike in California did not demonstrate whether the managers themselves were capable of coping with it; the negotiations were between the owners and the union leaders. Still, it is likely that in the aftermath of that strike, managers will be tested by both the expectations of the owners and the lingering effects of the strike on the rank-and-file. Whether unions can become partners with management is problematical, a case of asking the lion to lie down with the lamb. Nonetheless, there are scenarios under which it could work. Offshoring is unlikely to affect the grocery business as much as others; after all, the service personnel in a grocery store have to be in the same location as the customers, and, in fact, the jobs most likely to be affected by offshoring are those that do not require the physical presence of the service workers."
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United Kingdom's Trade Unionists in 20th Century, 2004.
A look at the history of trade unions in the U.K. and a discussion of various theories related to the unions.
2,146 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights the various theories and policies of the trade unions in the United Kingdom and the benefits that are provided to employees in response to the various theories of economists, keeping in view the effect of good employee relationships. It also considers the importance of maintaining a good relationship between employers and employees and the effects of such a positive relationship.
From the Paper
"Labor unions are those organizations of workers or employees who act jointly to negotiate with their employers over wages, extreme benefits, working conditions, and other aspect of employment. The main function of unions is to provide a balance for the market control exerted over labor by big business. Labor unions consist of various occupations working under one name or organization for a specific cause.
Trade union comprise of labor union composed of workers in the same occupation, but not necessarily in the same industry, producing the same product, or employed by the same firm. Common examples of craft unions are for plumbers, carpenters, and musicians. Craft unions generally exert market control by limiting the number of suppliers. (Amosweb economics, 2004)"
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Working Class Conditions in Victorian England, 2005.
A look at how substandard working conditions in the Victorian Era resulted in serious health problems among the working class.
913 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper details the poverty and poor working conditions in England during the Victorian Era and how these conditions had a profoundly negative impact on the health and well-being of the working class. The paper describes the long hours, hazardous working conditions, and low pay that sentenced the people of the working class to a life of inadequate food, housing, medical care, and education. The paper also points out how the Victorian Era is a disturbing example of the consequences of substandard working condition.
From the Paper
"Poor working conditions had a tremendous and negative effect on the health of the working class in England in the Victorian Age. The Victorian Age (the nineteenth century) saw the rise of a large working class, where women, men, and children are spent long hours in employment in substandard conditions. Working conditions were poor, and physical mistreatment was common, as were long hours, unhealthy conditions, and poor wages. As a direct result of these poor conditions and ensuing poverty, the health of the average working class Victorian was poor. Nutrition and hygiene were poor, and disease was common, as was malnutrition."
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California Laws for Latinos, 2005.
A look at California labor laws with respect to Latino immigration.
2,862 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the tremendous impact that rising Latino immigration has had on social and demographic policy in California. The paper describes some of the laws enacted in response to the increased immigration and their resulting effects on labor and some of the arguments made by both the laws' proponents and detractors. The paper also looks at the problem of child labor with respect to the children of the Latino immigrant population.
From the Paper
"The population of California underwent dramatic changes in the last 60 years. In the 1940s, the Latinos were a minority of only 6% of the state or roughly 374,000 (Bautista 1991). But by 1980, the Latino population grew to 4 million, almost doubling the figure and increased to more than 7 million in the 90s. In the 2000s, Latinos accounted for a third of California's total population, creating huge political, economic and social impact upon its entire society (Bautista). Besides sheer volume, the continuously increasing Latino population has developed the distinct feature. Before the 60s, immigrants were rare and less than 20% of these Latinos were foreign born, most of them from Northern Mexico. Immigration, however began to fill the ranks since the 80s so that, today, the majority of adult Latinos in California are immigrants. These developments are among the most important criteria to social and demographic policy makers in the state (Bautista) as well as other states in the Union. One area is labor."
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Indentured Servants and Company Towns, 2004.
Discusses how these two forms of controlled labor affected the United States sociologically.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
Sociologically, company towns and indentured servitude are two of the most complex topics of life in historic America. Indentured servants placed their trust in others to eventually gain their freedom and a better life, while company towns existed to better the company, rather than the residents. These two forms of controlled labor created new classes in America and, sociologically, say much about a people who can keep others in bondage, no matter what the outcome. This paper examines the history of indentured servants and company towns in the United States and discusses how sociological concepts apply to these topics.
From the Paper
"Their wages were miniscule after the company deductions, so the company kept them dependent. They could never get enough money ahead to move away, and so, their family's well being and very survival depended on their subservience to the company and its' policies. Anyone who spoke out against costs, living conditions, wages, or social conditions was simply fired and kicked out of their company house. With nowhere to go, most employees simply did not speak up or make waves. Just as with indentured servants, the company, or "master" had all the power, and the worker had little. Indentured servitude may have disappeared in the country, but savvy companies still knew how to control their workers and get the most work out of them for the smallest investment possible."
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Mexico, Gender and Economic Development, 2005.
Essay presenting new insights into the topic of gender and how it affects the Latin American economic development process.
1,781 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This essay attempts to present all new insight into the topic of gender concerns in regard to the Latin American nation of Mexico's economic development. The report is written as if the author is the Minister of Gender Affairs for Mexico and the new president, who is a woman, ran on a platform that promised gender equality in all new and existing policies within her administration. In this paper, the author, as the Minister of Gender Affairs, must develop a new national plan that both addresses and ends the rampant discrimination against females in Mexico and, in turn, creates new ,generous gender equality policies. The essay addresses issues such as family Legislation, Labor Market Legislation, Trade Policies, Educational Policies, and Agrarian Legislation.
From the Paper
"As the world continues to become a smaller place through the use of new technologies like the Internet and the business community continues to face the intrinsic challenges caused by the highly competitive global economy, Mexico's labor markets continue to tighten. As the Minister of Gender Affairs for Mexico, I will address the twenty-first century concerns with the Minister of Labor by having our industries hire more women than at any other point in our nation's history. Once hired, these female workers will discover that the policies that we will institute will remove the existing discriminatory barriers blocking their career paths through obvious glass ceilings. Basically, the existing policies that promote gender discrimination in the work place mean that far too often our qualified females are stopped from moving into positions of leadership within their organization."
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Boosting Employee Morale After Downsizing, 2004.
An examination of different human resource theories for boosting employee morale after downsizing within an organization.
6,015 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
Downsizing has become a significant idea in today's economy, and maintaining the trust of employees when something like this takes place has also become very serious business. This paper examines the question of whether a company should downsize their employees and how to do the downsizing properly so that as few employees as possible are injured. It discusses and analyzes the several ways that companies can downsize that will help retain much of the loyalty of the workers that remain.
From the Paper
"Companies who downsize through attrition and buyouts, those companies that work to help downsized employees find new jobs, and companies that are willing to provide outplacement services to those individuals often end up in positions that are much better than companies that simply fire workers due to downsizing (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994). These companies who show that they care about the workers that they have to remove through downsizing have a much greater chance of retaining a lot of the loyalty originally given to them by the workers that survived the downsizing (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994)."
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Life-Span Theory, 2004.
An overview of the Life-Span Theory of career development.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The Life-Span Theory of career development, developed by D.E. Super in 1953, is a highly useful tool for understanding career choice and development across the lifespan. This paper begins by providing a summary of the theory and then looks at literature written about this theory, which presents its strengths and weaknesses.
From the Paper
"A number of key figures helped to shape Super's Life-Span theory of career development. These included Hull, Thorndike, and Bandura, who helped to shape the major focus of the theory toward an understanding of the distinct life roles of the individual, and that personality and interests could change across the life span, rather than just the first few decades of life (Super, Savickas, and Super, 1996). The basic assumption that underlies Super's theory is that individuals change as they mature. Further, Super's theory is built on an understanding of self concept, which "develops through physical and mental growth, observations of work, identification with working adults, general environment, and general experiences" (Zunker, p. 30)."
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Social Workers and Burnout, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to study some of the factors that contribute to burnout in the social work field.
2,010 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the emotional condition of the individual social worker can be understood as being directly related to the professional's job satisfaction, which is no longer understood to result from a monetarily successful practice or other extrinsic factors that affect the social worker. The author points out that the nature of human service occupations often attracts people who are empathetic, sensitive, and tend to be people-oriented, but also who are anxious, introverted, and overenthusiastic. The paper reports that the cross-design research will break the surveyed population into groups by age and gender demographics and will attempt to identify common experiences, factors, and perceptions, which affect the appearance of burnout in the professional's career path.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Methods
Part One
Part Two
Sampling Plan
Measurement Variables
From the Paper
"Burnout, on the other hand, is defined as a negative psychological experience that is a reaction of workers to job-related stress. Burnout refers to a cluster of physical, emotional, and interactional symptoms, including but not limited to emotional exhaustion, a sense of lacking personal accomplishment. This condition often results in the professional depersonalizing clients their clients, and detaching from the lists of emotional and psycho-social needs which clients bring into their office each day. Burnout symptoms also can include physical symptoms, emotional exhaustion, depression, or other serious emotional dysfunction. Recurrent bouts of flu, headaches, fatigue, poor self-esteem, difficulty in interpersonal relationships, substance abuse, inability to concentrate, rigidity, and tendency to blame clients for their problems can appear singularly, or in combination as evidence of burnout."
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Outsourcing and IBM, 2004.
An analysis of IBM and the outsourcing of jobs in the information technology industry.
2,056 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the outsourcing of jobs is one of the most hotly contested in issues in modern-day America and how skilled positions that were once thought secure are now regularly finding their way overseas to places like India and China. Big corporations claim that there are not enough properly trained and educated workers in the United States, and labor advocates say it is all because a computer programmer, in India for example, commands perhaps a third of the salary of his American counterpart. The international human rights advocate sees the outsourcing process as a necessary step in the development of the developing world; a weapon in the fight against poverty and parochial prejudice. In particular, it looks at how IBM has emerged as one of the leading players in this debate and how, as one the world's leading information technology companies, it employs hundreds of thousands of people across the globe and sets standards that others are bound to follow. In order to understand the role of IBM, it examines the industry itself, IBM's own corporate policies, and all of the various political and social arguments for and against the computer giant's course of action.
From the Paper
"As a quick look at the latest available figures will reveal, IBM dominates the market in the production and sale of mainframe computers. From 2002 to 2003, IBM's market share increased by ten percent, as compared to an industry-wide average increase of only five percent. With this increase, IBM now holds a solid 32% piece of the forty-six billion dollar global mainframe industry. Together, IBM and its three largest competitors - HP, Sun, and Dell - control nearly seventy-three percent of this market. IBM is a world leader in other fields as well. It shares the top five spots in computer notebooks with HP, Dell, Toshiba, and Acer. IBM lags only two-tenths of a percentage point behind Hewlett Packard in terms of IT storage revenue; the two companies together managing a hefty fifty-one percent share of the entire storage market. As a leading IT player, IBM and its few leading competitors thus have almost a stranglehold on the global industry. "
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Sweatshops in Third World Countries, 2004.
An overview of the growing problem of sweatshops in Third World countries and what the governments can do to stop them.
1,849 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how cheap labor has always been appealing to corporations and how, as the business world becomes globalized, outsourcing work to countries such as Mexico, China, Korea, the Philippines, India, Africa, and Taiwan has become a common practice among companies from industrialized nations. It looks at how the lack of restrictive and costly government regulations overseas is very attractive to businesses because it provides a favorable bottom line and how this lack of regulation allows dangerous work environments to flourish.
From the Paper
"Taiwan has long been famed for its transformation from a developing country to an industrial colossus, however, in recent years labor disputes at a Taiwanese-owned textile factory in impoverished Nicaragua has cast global attention on the island nation (Perrin Pp). Taiwan has set up scores of garment factories in Central America to produce goods for the American market, but management practices at these factories are said to seem as if they're taken from the pages of a Dickens novel (Perrin Pp). According to Charles Kernaghan, executive director of the National Labor Committee, "Taiwanese manufacturers have one of the worst reputations in the world regarding the treatment of workers" (Perrin Pp). A few of the abuses include obligatory overtime, physical violence, union busting and pregnancy tests as a condition for employment (Perrin Pp)."
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