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Multicultural Counseling: Conflicts and Concerns, 2003.
This in-depth paper analyzes the issues and problems facing minorities in the U.S. while focusing on the critical need for counselors who are trained to effectively handle and counsel people of various ethnic backgrounds.
4,473 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper defines multicultural counseling as a relationship in which the counselor and the client belong to different cultural groups, hold different assumptions about social reality and subscribe to different world views. The writer discusses the role of multicultural counselors while stressing the need to increase their understanding of the culture, life history and social circumstances of the people they are counseling. This paper cites relevant statistics and reports pertaining to this topic including the U.S. Census Bureau which states in recent reports that minorities currently make up one-quarter of the U.S. population. This paper examines issues of acculturation, cultural history and norms as well as intergenerational conflicts in two specific families, one South Vietnamese and the other Mexican-American while also detailing the type of counseling recommended for each family. The writer contends and explains why it is imperative for counselors to treat their clients as individuals without stereotyping the cultural characteristics of one specific person to those in the broader cultural community.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Multicultural Counseling
Importance of Multicultural Counseling
Acculturation
The Helping Relationship
Case Study One - The Vu's
Case Study Two - The Santiago's
Role of Supervision
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"When researching a specific culture, it is also important for counselors to be alert to any cultural stereotyping that might be uncovered. For instance, Buriel stated, "Mexican Americans as a group possess characteristics known to be negatively associated with many work attitudes, have experienced the effects of past and current discrimination, and are believed by some to be limited in their economic and occupational advancement." If counselors failed to investigate further, they would be limiting their understanding of Mexican Americans, as well as stereotyping all individuals of Mexican American descent, which would limit the effectiveness of counseling."
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The Bracero Program and the Permeability of the US/Mexico Border, 2004.
Examines the impact and effects of guest worker programs in the United States.
3,078 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The Mexico/American border has historically been opened and closed depending on the standing of the United States workforce. When additional labor is in demand, the U.S. enacts legislation to loosen the borders, bringing in Mexican immigrants for cheap labor. However, when unemployment rates are high, the U.S. often curbs immigration and deports immigrant workers. Such was the case with the Bracero Program of the 1940s. This paper examines this guest worker program and its varying effects on the border and on Mexican contract workers.
From the Paper
"The Bracero program failed Mexican workers in many ways. First of all, the treatment of these workers was anything but fair. At a time when unionization had long been established as a method of worker protection, the Bracero agreement concerning unionization was limited. While the original version allowed workers the right to self-organize, soon the United States government added a provision for the Braceros to maintain their original work contract. (Cockcroft, 68)"
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Teacher Awareness in a Multicultural Environment, 2005.
Discusses the process of learning to be an effective educator in a diverse classroom.
1,481 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
Modern teachers have much to reflect on when designing their classroom plan. Our multicultural world has changed the needs of the students and thus changed what goes into classroom planning. This paper shows that all teachers must start with a new look at themselves so that they may make plans for the students and not for themselves. The paper shows that the teachers also need to make adjustments for the various types of students they will be teaching, for every student deserves a chance at success.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
The Awareness' Necessary to Teach in a Multicultural Environment
Self-Knowledge
Other Viewpoints
Discourse
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"There is so much that goes into creating a successful environment in any classroom, much less one that is multicultural. Teachers today have many things to consider for the good of their students and many obstacles to overcome because of political restraints. The best things a teacher can do to get the best environment possible is to first take a look at self-knowledge, analyzing their own identity as well as asking the students to look at who they are; making students aware of the multiple points of view to be learned; and to alter their classroom discourse style so as to allow every student to participate."
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Immigration Policy, 2006.
An overview of past and present immigration policy in the United States.
1,714 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of American immigration policy in an effort to shed some light on the current immigration policy reform asked for by President Bush. The paper also takes a position against a policy that would limit immigration into the country, suggesting that those in favor of immigration reform are xenophobic conservative individuals.
From the Paper
"Since the birth of the United States, immigration has played a vital role in shaping the country and its culture. Immigrants have literally built much of the country. Throughout early American history, immigration was for the most part unregulated and free up until 1882. Individuals and their families immigrated to America looking for a new life, land, and freedom from war, poverty, famine, or religious persecution."
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"Krik? Krak!" by Edwidge Danticat, 2005.
This paper discusses Edwidge Danticat's short stories "Krik? Krak!" about the conditions and lifestyles of Haitian women.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Edwidge Danticat's nine interlaced short stories, which make up the novel "Krik? Krak!", focuses on the treatment of women who are beaten, imprisoned and raped in Haiti, on the horror that is retained as unforgettable memories of women after their escape from Haiti and on the children who must live vicariously through their parents' memoirs of the motherland. The author points out that critics acclaim the power of this collection of short stories as a complicated, yet connected, chorus of Haitian voices affirming survival. The paper relates that Danticat does not use emotion to fuel her stories; she simply states the facts within her own creative fictional accounts.
From the Paper
"Although not in a prison cell, another mother in the novel was locked into a different kind of hell because the hopelessness of her life was unfortunately almost impossible to rescue her son from experiencing. Little Guy was not aware of what would become his future, but his parents feared he would live the harsh meaningless lifestyles that they had. His mother especially worried about this after her husband killed himself and she was left alone to raise her son to become more than their circumstances should have allowed. Aside from knowing the right tricks to keep young Guy from hunger, she also kept him occupied by helping him recite his lines for the school play."
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Martin Espada, 2005.
This paper examines the life and work of author and political poet Martin Espada.
1,377 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper contains a detailed biography of Martin Espada which focuses on his motivations and influences and chronicles his roles as attorney, historian, professor, poet, author and activist. This paper also explores the prevailing themes in Espada's work which is of transience and a search for a sense of home, community and belonging.
From the Paper
"Influenced by his father's activism and his own exploration of history, law, literature, and other arts, Martin Espada is a political poet in the best sense of the term. Never one to shy away from sensitive political issues, he views life itself as a political statement. His body of work consistently carries the message of the ongoing struggle of immigrant Americans who strive to overcome socioeconomic disadvantage and discrimination."
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Sendero Luminoso, 2006.
An overview of Sendero Luminoso, a revolutionary group in Peru.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the beginnings, leadership, political philosophy, activities and current status of the militant, revolutionary group, Sendero Luminoso, from Peru. The paper also explains why the group was not able to achieve the position of power that it had hoped to achieve and what the future might hold for this group in terms of political influence.
Beginnings
Government Activities
Current Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Within any competent study of Peru, it is imperative to look at the militant Maoist revolutionary group Sendero Luminoso (the Shining Path) and at its influence on Peruvian politics and life. The Shining Path's ideology places violence at the center of its stated goal to destroy the existing Peruvian government and impose its own communist regimes.2 The group engages in extremely violent forms of terrorism, including the indiscriminate use of bombs and terrorist attacks in the capital."
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Hepatitis A, 2005.
This paper discusses the problem of hepatitis A among recent immigrants from Mexico.
1,585 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, because most of the immigrants have more than likely been in the area for less than a month, and since the average incubation is approximately 28 days, it is more than likely that they acquired the illness in Mexico; since Hepatitis A is quite common in Mexico, a majority of the people will have developed a natural immunity to the illness but will be great carriers for others. The author points out that Hispanic folk medicine today believes that illness and disease is caused by imbalance between cold and hot principles; however, the problem with this folk system is that Hispanic individuals will not seek care until they are very ill and very infectious. The paper relates that follow-up and assuring compliance are the biggest problem.
From the Paper
"Hepatitis A is acquired by mouth, usually through fecal-oral transmission, and then replicates in the liver. The virus is then present in the blood and feces 10-12 days after infection and can be excreted for up to three weeks after the onset of symptoms. The incubation period for the virus is approximately 28 days (this amount was roughly the same through the many sources acquired for this paper). The illness has a sudden onset of several symptoms to include; malaise, fever, nausea, abdominal pain/discomfort, jaundices, and dark colored urine. Diagnosis can be confirmed with anti-HAV IgM antibody, which can be detected in patients with an acute infection."
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The Chilean Military Coup, 2005.
Examines the causes of and the events leading up to the 1973 military coup in Chile.
1,877 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
Still present in modern day, discontent amongst lower class Chileans has been existent since the Spanish Conquest and the first imbalances of power. It has grown, evolved and has seemed to become the catalyst of change in Chilean society and politics. The paper shows that Chile's history of politics has not been a clear one; bouncing around from left to right, from one form of political dictatorship to another, it has overcome countless incapable leaders and corrupt governments but has also suffered innumerable losses. The paper shows that the military coup that toppled the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende on September 11, 1973 and initiated a regime of terror under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet was the result of numerous economic and political factors that united to cause the bloodiest day in Chile's modern history.
From the Paper
"As Allende was working for the people and against capitalism, the States was working against him. As the Cold War progressed throughout the world, the United States was on an anti-communist mission to prevent any social movement that would cause disruption in their capitalistic plans and feared any country that had a large number of these supporters. As a result of the increase in real income for the mass of Chilean workers, monetary expansion stimulated a stagnant economy, which caused higher inflation . When copper prices began to fall, the United States made the move to kick Allende when he was down."
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Liberation Theology, 2005.
This paper discusses of the history and liberation theology and its founder Gustavo Gutierrez.
4,145 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that liberation theology as developed by Father Gustavo Gutierrez was shaped by political events specific to Peru and to Latin America's position in the world economy especially the economic crises of the 1960s, which nurtured revolutionary movements in Peru and elsewhere: Social change required unconventional measures as evidenced in grassroot churches and organizations such as the CEB (Comunidades Eclesiales de Base or Base Christian Communities). The author points out that the ecclesiology proposed by Gutierrez is closely associated with his reinterpretation of salvation as a single yet complex process of historical liberation, which encompasses the whole person and all persons, proclaiming a God whose love frees human beings to love. The paper states that liberation theology is moving toward divesting itself from dependence on the Western philosophical tradition by recovering local traditions, values and visions and by using the languages, which emerge from the interaction of the theologians with the poor, who are reclaiming their personhood. Many quotations.
Table of Contents
Introduction/Historical Background
The Ecclesiology of Liberation Theology
The Epistemology of Liberation Theology
Socio-analytic Mediation
Dialogue with the Social Sciences
Introspection and Inter-religious Dialogue
The Hermeneutical Circle
The Hermeneutical Mediation
Practical Mediation
Praxis as Criterion of Truth
Criticisms of Liberation Theology
Alistair Kee
The Vatican
Rosemary Reuther
Michael Novak
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There have been objections to the liberation theologian's social commitment or disinterested nature of science and knowledge. Critics argue that science is no more revolutionary or reactionary than it is religious or atheistic. In countering this criticism, liberation theologians pointed out that, insofar as it is a science, from an epistemological point of view, theology is a disinterested cognition. Insofar as it is a social positivity, or virtue of its factual insertion into the fabric of social interests, theology is not an innocent, neutral, apolitical function but a partisan and interested social instrument. Liberation theologists recognize that there is no straight, logical path from theory to praxis, nor from praxis to theory."
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Illegal Immigration, 2005.
This paper discusses the problem of illegal immigrants, a person who enters a country illegally and works without the permission of the government.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that for the United States, the main problem with illegal immigration is from Mexico because of the porous border between these countries. The author points out the problems with illegal immigrants are (1) that they work in the United States but they pay little or no taxes and yet receive the various benefits of citizens and legal immigrants, such as claiming unemployment compensation, resulting in an outflow of money but little or no inflow from income taxes for the U.S. government and (2) people associated or linked with terrorism seep into the United States through these porous boarders. The paper recommends that the resolution of the problem of illegal immigration requires (1) clarification of the law, (2) stricter enforcement necessitating sufficient funding for the border patrol force and (3) elimination of "birthright citizenship", which attracts illegal immigration because it offers any child born in the United States American citizen regardless of the citizenship or immigration status of his or her parents.
From the Paper
"Last year President Bush took some steps to solve this problem. In 2004, he planned to allow about eight million illegal immigrants to achieve a temporary work permit that would make their stay in the United States as legal. This was a bold step and many illegal immigrants actually want to become legal in the United States. So they would get their legal status while the country would receive its taxes from them. Moreover, this would bring a lot of illegal immigrant on record and would filter out any terrorists or people with other negative agendas. However, this would only solve the problem of the illegal immigrants who are already within the borders of the United States."
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The Vegetation of Nicaragua, 2006.
A description of the diverse vegetation found in the Pacific region, North-Central region and the Mosquito Coast region of Nicaragua.
911 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This report details some of the more common vegetation found in Nicaragua, from the rainforests of the Caribbean coast to the Mangrove forests of the pacific coast. Nicaragua is so diverse in vegetation that it seems like you are in a completely different place from one region to the next.
Introduction
Rainforests
Mangrove Forests
Dry Tropical Forests
Pine Savannas
From the Paper
"The rainforests of Nicaragua are the most diversified forests in Central America. The eco-region is made up of lush, tall forests of trees reaching over 150 feet in height, with a diversity of palms and other smaller trees in the understory. A total of 65 varieties have been identified as commercially valuable, but some of these are more valuable than others. For example, Mahogany is one of the tallest trees in the Nicaraguan rainforest, its umbrella-shaped crown reaching to over 200 feet high and emerging above the surrounding canopy. Throughout its natural range, from Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia, mahogany has been highly exploited, and today the species is threatened not only by outright elimination, but also by genetic degradation, after centuries of having the largest most robust individuals harvested. In addition, as with many tropical trees, mahogany occurs at a very low density in the rainforest, with mature trees rarely averaging more than one per hectare. Mahogany also has a low rate of natural regeneration, requiring from 60-100 years to reach maturity."
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The Cali Cartel, 2005.
An overview of Columbia's largest cocaine exporter.
1,617 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The Cali Cartel is a drug cartel based in the southern part of Colombia, around the city of Santiago de Cali. This paper examines the history, structure and activities of the cartel and how law enforcement agencies are trying to curtail its operations.
Paper Outline:
History of Cali and the Cartel
Participants of the Cartel
Activities of the Cartel
The Structure of the Cartel
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The Colombian population, due to a weak government, is deprived of its sense of security. The weakness of the Colombian government is a very critical issue and even more alarming is the reason for its weakness. Namely, this weakness originates from the presence of strong drug lords, on the one hand and armed political opposition groups, on the other. Colombia has, thus, become a country in which all these different groups, one of them consisting of criminal drug dealers and the other of violent and terrorist political militias, compete with one another for power."
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Hispanic American Diversity, 2005.
Describes the migration of Hispanic Americans to the United States..
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The history of migration of people from Latin American countries has been a long and difficult one. It is an issue that is still being dealt with today. This paper describes the different groups of Hispanics migrating to the United States, including the Mexicans, Puerto Ricans and Cubans. The paper examines how these different groups have assimilated into American society.
From the Paper
"Cuban Americans settled in Florida back in 1831. The number of Cubans today is very modest. A census showed 79,000 Cubans live in the U.S. (Schaefer, 2006, P.247) Schaefer stated, "This group has negative reception, as well as modest skills, lack of formal education, and a great deal of difficulty adjusting to their new life in the U.S." (2006, P.248) The issue of communist governments still overshadows attitudes about the relationship with Cuba. (Dahlburg, 2004) As of today, Cubans are doing rather well, with their college rates being twice as high as other Latinos."
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Conceptualism in Brazil Under Military Rule, 2005.
Outlines conceptualism in Brazil during the 1960s and how it was affected by military rule.
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The 1960s in Brazil were revolutionary times. However, most of this progress halted under a new dictatorship. In 1964, a right wing military coup took control of Brazil, bringing with it an extreme level of censorship of both artists and intellectuals. This paper outlines the effect this dictatorship had on Brazil's contemporary art movement.
From the Paper
"At the end of 1968, the Institutional Act #5 was set in place. This act gave the president dictatorial powers, dissolved Congress and state legislatures, suspended the constitution, and imposed censorship. For culture, this meant strict censorship of artistic events, and the persecution and imprisonment of intellectuals and artists. This was a very heavy blow to artists, as they had to watch their steps even more. Soon after Vladimir Herzog, a journalist accused of subversion, was murdered in prison by the military police, Cildo Meireles began creating his "Insertions into Ideological Circuits" in order to create a system for the circulation and exchange of information that did not depend on any kind of centralized control."
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