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Race, Class and Gender in "Always Running", 2008.
A review of the impact of race, class and gender in Luis Rodriguez' memoir, "Always Running: La Vida Loca: Gang Days in L.A."
769 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Luis Rodriguez' memoir, "Always Running: La Vida Loca: Gang Days in L.A." It particularly discusses how identity is shown to be a prison of race, class and gender in which few young Mexican-Americans are able to escape. The paper gives examples from the text that illustrate how the very first social interactions of Latino youth in Los Angeles are severely impacted by their undeniable Mexican-American identity.
From the Paper
"Another substantial iron bar of Rodriguez's prison was that of Gender. Clearly, male bravado played a big part in the early teen trouble-making years of Luis and his fellow gang-members. One example closely follows a summer expedition to the beach with some friends--both male and female. Rodriguez tells the story of young teens at the beach, flirting and fondling--interrupted by the local police. One thing that is interesting is his description of one of the female's body rising from the water after being thrown in by one of his friends. It is the first detailed account of the female form, and the account's graphic nature shows that his interest in becoming desirable to women has now become important. This description of his subject of interest, Hermie, is harshly broken up by the young group's run-in with the local law-enforcement. The reason this seems significant is because when Rodriguez gets home, his mother scolds him for being a trouble maker, saying: "You have to work, to help us out here. You're a big man now." The close relationship between his graphic memory of untouchable Hermie and his inability as provider for his family shows that his role as a man amidst all the other social challenges had just added more height to his mountain."
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Brazil and the FTAA, 2008.
A comprehensive evaluation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas(FTAA) and its potential positive outcomes for Brazil and the global community.
11,988 words (approx. 48.0 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 232.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the impact of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement on Brazil. The paper examines NAFTA as a working model and its influence on and benefit for Mexico and their economy. The paper evaluates various trade structures and associations relative to the potential impact of the FTAA for Brazil and South America. The paper explores the benefits and the negatives of a potential FTAA and focuses on several impediments to its further adoption in the region and by Brazil specifically.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the FTAA
Economic History in South America: Brazil in the Twentieth and Twenty First Centuries
Trade Models
Future of the FTAA
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Brazil has long been a highly populated and growing nation within South America. However, it generally has not been recognized for its substantial positioning in the world market or its cultural strength among Latin American people. In the 1990s, however, Brazil began to be recognized as a significant inclusion in the world market because of its collaboration in creating the Mercosur agreement with other South American countries. As Mercosur began to be realized the United States offered the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) with the intention that it would have the same results for Brazil that NAFTA had for both Canada and Mexico."
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The Identity of Jamaica and Bermuda, 2008.
This paper explains that the national identity of Jamaica and Bermuda is complicated and troubled by a history of colonialism, race, sugar and slavery.
1,390 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, from a legacy of colonialism, Jamaica and Bermuda have carved out a more independent path through which they are better able to express an authentic local culture and identity. The author points out that, while Jamaica is the island with actual independence, Bermuda appears to be developing the more versatile and durable society. The paper states that the education system of Jamaica is still hampered by colonialism insofar as external imagery and tourist considerations actually determine what is taught to Jamaican school children so a citizenry is created, which will behave appropriately in the presence of white tourists. The author underscores that the Bermudans are moving towards eradicating the island's over-dependence upon tourist dollars although its education system and no doubt its society remains not wholly dissimilar to the systems of Great Britain.
From the Paper
"Continuing onward, the racial legacy of colonialism manifests itself in many ways. For one thing, there is evidence (at least in the popular press) that racial identification has grown stronger in Bermuda in recent years; unfortunately, the pyramidal arrangement of historic Bermudan society (one in which certain groups are associated with power) has lingered: as one example, it is noteworthy that a Caucasian British subject was chosen to head Bermuda's judiciary over many other qualified candidates - at least some of whom were non-white Bermudans."
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Women and the Canadian and Mexican Workforce, 2008.
This paper argues that globalization is widening the already existing gender gap in the workplace, making Canadian and Mexican women more vulnerable.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, on the American continent, the NAFTA agreement between Canada, Mexico and the U.S.A. has been responsible largely for the liberalization of economies, privatization and deregulation, which have all impacted the workforce, particularly women. The author points out that globalization has brought about an unequal structure of the global economy in which corporations are creating labor segregation, paying the most minimum wages possible and providing the least amount of labor regulations, all of which cause social and economic marginalization of women. The paper relates that various trade agreements push countries to privatize public resources causing a shift away from welfare and social programs such as social insurance, health care, child-care and childcare subsidy. The author stresses that the new jobs created for the sole profit of the employers are usually lower-paid, part-time or contract flexible work having no benefits.
From the Paper
"One example of such harassment and discrimination is cited by Quintero-Ramirez, (2002). She describes how managers are often able to request a medical examination to show that a job applicant is not pregnant. Because of deregulation, the working conditions in these factories are often unsanitary and even dangerous, and inadequate or non-existing healthcare often exasperated the health impacts suffered by these women workers. These women work for minimum wages while foreign countries reap most of the benefits. The maquiladora sector is of particular importance because it has grown 89% in the period between 1995 and 2000 . The managers of these manufacturing plants often prefer to hire women because of the patriarchal beliefs that women are more docile and better suited for boring repetitive jobs. "
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"I'm 50/50": Case Study of a Black-Hispanic Woman, 2008.
A case study of an American-born woman of black-Hispanic descent.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper consists of an interview with a woman who was born in Los Angeles in 1932, during the Depression to a black mother and a Mexican citizen father who had immigrated to the United States. In the paper, the interviewee speaks of her life growing up in Los Angeles and some of the challenges she faced due to her unusual parentage. She also discusses some information about her father Renaldo and how he came to America, and the experiences he had here and how he ultimately met and married her mother, Violetta. The paper also includes some discussion based upon what the interviewee learned in her studies of race and ethnicity and how one distinguishes different aspects of one's background and culture, and how this affects one's relationships with other members of the community. Finally, the paper includes a brief discussion of her siblings and her own grown children, and the decisions they themselves made in terms of selecting what they felt to be the most appropriate genetic matches for themselves, taking into account the experiences of their mother.
From the Paper
"Mrs. Diaz notes that her own reading and study has taught her that "Latin" is not a racial designation, but a language designation. While her Mexican father spoke Spanish, racially he was known as a mestizo, partly of Spanish descent and partly of Aztec descent, but, she tells us, "even he could not say in exactly what proportion," since an exact genealogy was long ago lost to memory over the generations. Like most mixed Mexicans, he did not fare as well in his country as more pure-blooded Spanish, who tended to rise to the upper castes; so, he emigrated to the United States. He worked in Arizona cotton fields, then migrated to California to work in fruit orchids; after saving some money he moved to Los Angeles to get involved in a small grocery store with a couple of partners. This would have been shortly before the Depression."
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Archaeoastronomy, 2007.
This paper discuses archaeoastronomy using sites from Mesoamerica as examples.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that archaeoastronomy is the study of the astronomical practices, celestial lore, mythologies, religions and world-views of all ancient cultures. The author points out that many of the great monuments and ceremonial constructions of early civilizations, such as the Great Pyramid at Giza in Egypt, were astronomically aligned. The paper relates that many of the major structures of Mesoamerica have been found to have an astronomical connection. The author states that the astronomical knowledge of these ancient people from different parts of the world were not connected in any known way yet they undertook some similar approaches to studying the skies and to building monumental structures with astronomical purposes. The paper examines the Mesoamerican sites of the Olmec, the Teotihuacan, the Toltec, the Mayan, the Zapotec and the Aztec civilizations.
From the Paper
"The links between the Olmec and the later Maya are numerous, and some believe that the Olmec may have been Maya speakers. Olmec emerged around 1,500 B.C. and came to dominate most of Mesoamerica. Olmec-style monumental art and architecture developed in the northwestern and southeastern edges of the lowlands. Much of this monumental art shows squat figures topped by rounded hats as a key feature of this art. In the southern lowlands during the Classic period, progressive growth and increasing complexity were the norm."
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Miguel Leon-Portilla's "Broken Spears", 2007.
This paper reviews Miguel Leon-Portilla's "The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico", which presents a history of Mexico.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Leon-Portilla's book "The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico" is an excellent illustration of how the naivete of one culture and the rapacity of another usually collide to produce wide-spread tragedy. The author points out that the writer's objectives were to give a voice to the forgotten victims of the conquest of Mexico, which history had denied them, and to present the surviving Aztec accounts of this conquest as being great works of literature, which rival anything found in the western tradition. The paper relates that the significance of Cholula was to undermine the civilizational confidence of all Aztecs who heard about it, to constitute massive loss of native life, to re-affirm the efficacy and might of the Spaniards and to reinforce among the Aztecs the desirability of aligning themselves with the Spaniards rather than joining with their Mexican brethren in opposition to the new arrivals.
From the Paper
"The massacre at Cholula had many negative effects upon the Aztec peoples - leaving aside the obvious loss of life. Most notably, the massacre revealed the penchant of the Aztec peoples of Mexico to conspire against one another by feeding Cortes and his minions half-truths or outright fabrications about a bitter rival; this sort of rumor-mongering on the part of the people of Tlaxcaltecas, suffice it to say, stirred Cortes to march on Cholula, killing all present there. Moreover, the brutal defeat of the Cholultecas was compounded by the fact that their idol Quetzalcoatl had not served them in any way during the battle."
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Hispanics in California, 2008.
This paper explores the impact of the growing Hispanic population in California.
2,354 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the Hispanic population in California and analyzes their growth, racial identity and English proficiency. The paper looks at the ability of the Hispanic population to integrate into the United States through geographical stability, language diversification and economic strength. The paper highlights the need for educational improvement in order to maintain and support this large economic labor force in California. The paper concludes that this demographic will play a large socioeconomic and political role in the future of California.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining the Hispanic population
Are Hispanics a Minority in California?
Hispanics as a Staple Citizen
Racial Identity among Latinos
English Proficiency
Hispanic Education
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is an intrinsic difficulty in defining the Hispanic due to the numerous stereotypes evolved from such trends as migrant seasonal workers and illegal immigrations. The most widely used and accepted terms are "Hispanic" or "Latino" (Ramos 14). The term Hispanic is normally applied to all those citizens who are Spanish-speaking and have a historical and cultural heritage or lineage linked to Spain. Latino refers to people originating or having a cultural heritage from Central and Latin America. This is important to note the difference between both classes, as it can become confusing and cumbersome in data analysis. Latino does not necessarily imply Spanish background and linkages, instead encompasses numerous languages derived from Latin e.g. Spanish, French, and Portuguese, which are commonly found to be spoken in some context in many Latin American nations (Ramos 15)."
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Loss, Nostalgia and Remembrance, 2008.
This paper compares three novels; "One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, "Wide Sargasso Sea" by Jean Rhys and "Breath, Eyes, Memory" by Edwidge Danticat.
2,087 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how "One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, "Wide Sargasso Sea" by Jean Rhys and "Breath, Eyes, Memory" by Edwidge Danticat all present themes of loss, nostalgia and remembrance. The paper discusses how all three authors have offered powerful lessons about the function of loss, nostalgia and remembrance, not only in terms of how they influence individuals and families, but how they influence society as well.
From the Paper
"In One Hundred Years of Solitude's surreal but fascinating story of a small village in Columbia, Gabriel Garcia Marquez presents a powerful theme revolving around a family whose members, despite their material prosperity and superficial happiness, ultimately stand alone in life. Through magic realism, Marquez explores the postcolonial world
of 20th century Latin America and the Caribbean and demonstrates how forgetfulness, loss, human remorse, fear, pride, and submission lead to solitary lives and solitary deaths. He emphasizes that even though relationships can be flawed and painful, unless we live a life of emotional bonding with other people we will not have lived at all and will be remembered by no one. It is love more than anything else that must be remembered and cherished, for life has no meaning without love."
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South America in Literature, 2008.
A comparison of the accounts of South America in "The Cloud Forest" by Peter Matthiessen and "One River" by Wade Davis.
1,892 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper compares two different visions of different portions of the vast continent of South America. It compares Peter Matthiessen's vision in his book "The Cloud Forest" with Wade Davis' vision in his book "One River." The paper discusses the different perspectives that the two books are written from and describes the different accounts of each writer of the continent.
From the Paper
"By comparison, Matthiesen's book is a more conventional account by a travel writer of the countries through which he passes and the people he meets. Both books do a good job of evoking a sense of the people and their lives, and there are clear parallels between the people of Brazil and those of Chile and Argentina, all of which are addressed in these two books. Both writers are observant and write well about what they experience. The descriptions of the countryside in both books is vivid and compelling, and taken together, these books say much about the different parts of South America and make the people of each area seem very real to the reader."
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The Immigration Debate, 2008.
This paper addresses the immigration debates in both the United States and France.
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at how Alexis de Tocqueville describes France and the United States and the political and civic situations found in each. The paper utilizes the readings of Max Weber to define terms such as migration, assimilation and citizenship. The paper compares and contrasts the situations in France and the United States and concludes that France has a much more progressive approach to immigration than America.
From the Paper
"Perhaps no foreign observer has better captured the unique nature of the civic and social life of the United States than Alexis de Tocqueville - and none, certainly, is better-equipped to offer an analysis of both the United States and France with regards to their respective political and civic milieus. De Tocqueville writes that the elective institutions and vigorous politics of America bind together men (and women, although de Tocqueville was writing before women had the franchise in the United States) in a sort of common servitude to each other and to the greater good; by comparison, nineteenth century France was a society, in the Frenchman's view, which impugned political freedom (here, de Tocqueville may also mean civic duty though it is not clear) as something to be avoided (vol. II, "That the Americans Combat the Effects of Individualism by Free Institutions," 102-105)."
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The Mexican Migrant Worker, 2008.
This paper reviews how Tomas Rivera addresses the issues of class, gender and ethnicity in "And the Earth Did Not Devour Him."
822 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Tomas Rivera's collection of short stories, "And the Earth Did Not Devour Him", that paints a dark picture of physical hardship, social struggles and spiritual enlightenment. The paper looks at how Rivera demonstrates the separation of classes between Americans and Mexicans, as well as the racial biases and stereotypes that have been placed upon the Mexican people since their migration post-World War II.
From the Paper
"The history of Mexican culture has steadily gained popularity in the United States. With the population steadily increasing throughout the years, it is no surprise that its integration has made it to the public school classroom. However, the Mexican people struggle to battle stereotypes and generalizations. While there are many characteristics that typify a native Mexican, or even a Mexican American, their ethnicity and class divisions are significantly apparent in modern America. Tomas Rivera addresses the issues of class, gender and ethnicity in And the Earth Did Not Devour Him. Taking place in post-World War II, the novella tracks the year in the life of a young Mexican boy, traveling with a group of migrant workers in search of work. Topically, the novella is about the young boy's internal struggle to find meaning behind the life events of the year. However, the undertone reveals a great deal about the prejudice and American perspective on the Mexican Migrant worker."
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The Progressive Era, 2008.
This paper studies the progressive era and looks at the United States and Latin America, labor and nationalism in this regard.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the progressive era in the United States meant that there would be regulations that controlled industry and that no one industry would be capable of driving up prices or negatively impacting the common consumer. The writer notes that the chief proponent of the progressive movement was President Theodore Roosevelt. The writer then points out that Roosevelt felt, as many Americans of the time did, that large industries were beginning to control the lives of citizens and that unless some form of control was placed on these industries people would not be capable of having any hope of achieving success. The writer concludes that ultimately the impact of the American progressive era on Latin American countries was felt in the labor force, as well as in the nationalism that began to arise.
Outline:
United States Impact Abroad
Latin America: Labor and Nationalism
From the Paper
"President Roosevelt further believed that the manner in which many industries were operating would eventually cause environmental concerns throughout the United States. Because of this, Roosevelt moved to limit the amount of land that could be used by businesses and protect the natural environment in the country. This meant the creation of national parks and preserves, as well as the protection of national forests. By 1902 Roosevelt was also focusing on the protection of rivers and waterways within the country to protect the natural habitat of wildlife and ensure that there was adequate irrigation. This was because it was evident that industries were failing to comprehend the impact that their mining, oil drilling, use of timber and use of waterways was contaminating the environment. Roosevelt felt that the only way to ensure that these natural areas were safe in that time and in the future was to forcibly make industries to comply with federal laws."
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Immigration and Healthcare, 2008.
This paper argues that the correlation between illegal immigration and hospital closures is unproven.
2,316 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the issue of illegal immigration and health care in the US. The writer notes that one aspect of this issue is that illegal immigration is blamed for the deteriorating quality of health care in the Unites States. Specifically, the writer points out that illegal immigration is often blamed for the closing of hospitals. This essay examines hospital closures in California, an area hard-hit by the influx of illegal aliens. The writer concludes that illegal immigration and its attendant costs played only a minimal role in recent hospital closures, so that the link between immigration and hospital closure is, at best, not proven.
From the Paper
"The cost of care that a hospital must provide before it can safely discharge a patient can be very extensive and extremely expensive. In the first case in which the United States Supreme Court dealt with EMTALA, the patient was life-flighted to a hospital. In emergency surgery, doctors removed her spleen. She then remained in acute care, on a ventilator, for some two months. At the point when the hospital was about to transfer her to a nursing home, she developed severe complications and had to be returned to acute care for an additional six months."
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Salsa Music, 2008.
This paper discusses salsa music and Puerto Rican culture.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer relates that the Puerto Rican people have a sense of their cultural heritage that sets them apart from other Latinos. One may hear the cultural music of Puerto Ricans, a style that the world has come to know as salsa. The writer notes that the notion of a pure Puerto Rican culture is an irony itself, however, and this can be understood from a brief consideration of salsa and its cultural representations and implications. The writer maintains that, as the music has become popular around the world, the move to bottle it and sell it has been carried out in much the same way that other colonialist movements have, with the United States recognizing a viable product to be mined in the minority culture and then sold to the world as a product for profit. The writer concludes that in this way salsa is not only characteristic of the relationship between the Puerto Rican people and the U.S., it is in some ways contributing to their ongoing exploitation.
From the Paper
"It is, in other words, a beautiful mongrel mix of different cultural influences just as the Puerto Rican people themselves come from the intermixing of native Taino Indians, Spanish colonizers, and African slaves. The fact that it is in no way Puro Puerto Ricano makes it no less special or globally important. It simply is to acknowledge that it is through the stewing and brewing of cultural influences that both salsa music and Puerto Rican heritage gain their magic."
"Of course, salsa is not only important for what it says about Puerto Rican specialness. It is also important for what it says about everything in daily life of Puerto Ricans - from gender and class roles to fashion to politics."
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