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Analysis of "Culture and the Evolutionary Process", 2007.
An analysis of "Culture and the Evolutionary Process" by Robert Boyd and Peter Richerson.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper ananlyzes the hypotheses presented in Robert Boyd and Peter Richerson's seminal work "Culture and the Evolutionary Process." The reviewer considers assumptions presented in the book which underline the relationship between science and culture in promoting human evolution. The paper also shows links between Boyd and Richardson and earlier research in the field. The reviewer concludes that the discussions and analyses in "Culture and the Evolutionary Process" uncovers explanations and generates further understanding of how humans and human society came about, and continues to develop in the present.
From the Paper
"Boyd and Richerson provide two general assumptions that lead to their hypothesis, which posits that science and culture significantly influence each other in understanding the human evolutionary process. In the words of the authors, "process-oriented "scientific" analyses help us understand how history works, and "historical" data are essential to test scientific hypotheses about how populations and societies change" "
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Infanticide, 2007.
An analysis of the theories of infanticide in the animal kingdom and a look at the insights it provides into primate behavior.
1,558 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the phenomenon of infanticide in the animal kingdom, particularly among primates. It discusses the two ways of looking at the phenomenon from an anthropological perspective and then looks at it from the biologist's point of view. The paper particularly discusses the case for infanticide as a reproductive strategy and suggests that it is a strong case which provides interesting insights into the behaviors of other primate species, especially humans. The paper then describes some of these insights.
From the Paper
"Still, infanticide should be regarded as a reproductive strategy among males. After all, it remains within the female's best interest to mate with a newly dominant male, even if he has killer her infant. Ultimately, this is because the female, having lost her offspring, needs to remain reproductively competitive and to mate with a male. Additionally, if she mates with a non-dominant male, who has not killed her offspring, she runs the risk of the dominant male repeating his actions. Accordingly, she is obligated to mate with the dominant male in order to decrease the risk that her infant will be killed again. It may also be the case that the mothers who are victims of infanticide are physically incapable of preventing the guilty males from mating with them because of the differences in size between the sexes."
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Donner Party, 2006.
A review of the Donner Party and how the Donner name became one of the most unfairly maligned family names in American history.
2,394 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Donner Party, one of the great survival stories in the expansive history of the American taming of the West. According to the paper, the Donner Party resorted to cannibalism as a means of survival. The paper discusses how research has shown that these stories of cannibalism, which have caused a painful black mark on the Donner family name, may be completely false as they pertain to the Donners themselves.
Outline:
Donner: The Name of Tragedy
A Media Firestorm Erupts
Cannibalism Accepted as Fact
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For a century and a half, the American public has essentially labeled the Donner Party, and, by extension the Donner family, as cannibals. The sensationalized media reports that first emerged after the rescue of the Donner Party became widely accepted with time, although they were based mostly on unreliable first-person reports and gossip (Donner cannibalism, 2006). In fact, Eliza Poor Donner Houghton, a member of the party, recalls how Donner Party members would read supposed first-person accounts in newspapers and become shocked with how remarkably accurate information was interspersed with wild fabrications and innuendo (Houghton, 1911). "
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Culture and the Atomic Bomb, 2007.
This paper examines the effect of the atomic bomb on the U.S. with regards to politics and culture.
1,429 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of the atomic bomb in U.S. history. Specifically, the writer analyzes the impact of the atomic bomb on American politics and culture in the decade-and-a-half after the explosion of the first Atomic weapon over Hiroshima. The writer notes that it changed the status of the United States in global politics and that it helped create the Cold War with the Soviet Union. Further the writer points out that it changed American culture almost overnight. The writer maintains that American politics would never be the same after the bombs exploded over Japan and notes that the threat of nuclear war still hangs over the globe today.
From the Paper
"Magazines published graphic drawings of what to do in case of a nuclear attack, including the proper attire to protect from the "heat flash." While many things were changing in American culture, the roles of men and women were still quite distinct. Women had certain roles to fulfill in Civil Defense, such as hospital or medical work, driving cars, and childcare. Men, however, were more apt to serve as fire fighters, volunteer police, air-raid wardens, and rebuilding after an attack. As the country returned to normal after the war, women stayed home to raise the family, while men went off to work. It would take more than atomic bombs to change the acceptable roles women held in society, and it would not happen in the two decades following the bombing of Japan."
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Religion and Magic, 2007.
An analysis of the different types of religion and magic and how one culture may change to accept another.
1,282 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the contrast that exists between the worlds of religion and magic. It begins by defining several types of religions and then discusses two types of magic that exist. The paper then discusses cultural change, as it can apply to an individual, a group or an organization. The paper concludes that revolution still occurs today and will continue happening in the future because people have different beliefs and practices.
From the Paper
""Acculturation is a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group" (Rice University, 2006). There are cultural groups that have the power to convince other people and this is the reason why minorities are easy to encourage. Although, cultural groups can convince others, they can also assimilate some of the cultural beliefs of the minorities. According to the Website of Rice University, "assimilation of one cultural group into another may be evidenced by changes in language preference, adoption of common attitudes and values, member's hip in common social groups and institutions, and loss of separate political or ethnic identification (2006)." This is also a process where two cultures are combined together to harmoniously unify."
"One example of acculturation is when the Spaniards introduced to the Mayans the Christianity as religion. The Mayans are believers of gods that can help them in farming. When the Spaniards came, the Mayans were able to gradually adopt the Christian beliefs although they continue to believe on their traditional faith. O'Neil stated that "as a result, their indigenous religious belief system was essentially only added to and modified; the overt religious practices seemed to be Christian to the Spanish authorities but they retained dual meanings for the Maya (2006).""
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Health Seeking Behaviors of Appalachian Culture, 2007.
An analysis of the cultural diversity that characterizes Appalachia and the relevant healthcare-seeking behaviors identified among people living there.
1,941 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of understanding the cultural aspects of healthcare-seeking behaviors in a given region and how that can help both practitioners and consumers alike improve the process and provide improved quality of care. The paper also provides a critical review of five recent journal articles concerning the cultural diversity that characterizes Appalachia and discusses the relevant healthcare- seeking behaviors identified among people living there and how they are best dealt with.
Table of Contents:
Review and Analysis
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Throughout the country, studies have also shown time and again that age and ethnicity are also important indicators of what types of health seeking behaviors people will tend to pursue. For example, in 1999, 42.1 million non-elderly people were without health insurance in the United States; while there were more white, non-Hispanic people among the uninsured in terms of total numbers because they make up a greater percentage of the population, as a group they are also less likely to be uninsured. Likewise, among all Hispanic Americans, 35 percent are uninsured; among non-Hispanic African Americans, 22.8 are without insurance and almost one-third (32.8 percent) of Native Americans and Alaska Natives do not have any type of health insurance today (Giffords et al., 2005). Furthermore, among Asian/Pacific Islander Americans, the probability of being without health insurance is 22 percent. For white non-Hispanic adults this likelihood is 12.7 percent compared with 17.5 percent in the general population; the authors conclude that, "Racial and ethnic minority groups' lack of access to health services and barriers to the health system infrastructure and information result in consistent disparities in race and ethnic health statistics" (p. 213)."
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"The American" and "The Custom of the Country", 2007.
An examination of social conflict in the novels "The American", by Henry James, and "The Custom of the Country", by Edith Wharton.
1,988 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how Americans desire the social classes of Europe, while Europeans desire American money. The paper analyzes how this is represented in the social dramas of James and Wharton. The paper discusses how Henry James' novel suggests that even an American who covets and respects the sophistication of European nobility cannot buy his way into this sensibility, nor lose his American sheen. The paper further examines how, in Edith Wharton's novel, the crass, social-climbing heroine Undine Spragg's social aspirations triumph over the fake American aristocracy of her first husband Ralph Marvell, but Undine is vanquished by the 'real' European manifestation of class in the form of her second, French aristocratic husband.
From the Paper
"At the beginning of the James novel, Newman is seen gazing at the pictures of the Paris Louvre, which he experiences as a kind of an attractive and beautiful marketplace of old European art curiosities and cultural majesty. Newman covets these offerings of Europe, much as a woman might covet objects of commerce in a store, but the culture of Europe, although it can be experienced visually or aurally by an American in a museum or by listening to an opera, cannot be purchased like an American object made in a factory."
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Cross-Cultural Communications, 2007.
This paper provides a research report on the business practices and customs of Japan.
1,864 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at various customs and practices that are present in Japan. The writer demonstrates that in many ways such customs and business practices are different from those in America. The writer points out that when negotiating in Japan, it is best to observe a highly deferential communication style, as opposed to a confrontational style. Further, the writer explains that debate and an open show of disharmony will make a negotiator seem rude, rather than dominant or skillful. In this essay, the writer discusses different types of communication and presents an overview of Japanese styles and customs.
Outline:
Communication Style and Preference
Formal/Informal
Linguistic Differences
Language Barriers and Interpretation
Nonverbal Communication (body language, eye contact, space)
Structure of Business Correspondence
Cultural Norms and Religious Influences
Organizational Structure of Businesses
Hierarchy & Leadership style
Individual or Group Orientation
Role of Women
Negotiation Process
Style and Phrases
Deadlines
Rules of Engagement
Family and Social Structure
Hospitality
Ethical Considerations
Legal and Government Considerations
Codes
Labor Regulations
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The Japanese are likely to know that shaking hands rather than bowing is considered appropriate by Americans, but be prepared to bow, nonetheless. One lesser-known fact is that an American should avoid making the 'OK' sign, as in Japan it means money rather than affirmation. Pointing is simply considered rude."
"As in all nations with different nonverbal protocols, avoid using large hand signals, extremely animated facial expressions and dramatic movements that could be misinterpreted by one's host. Also, although the Japanese may be prepared for American communication differences, it is worth remembering that the Japanese do not talk with their hands and to do so with great animation could distract the Japanese, rather than prove an asset to communication."
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Exponential Population Growth, 2006.
A discussion regarding the effect of exponential population growth.
1,182 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the impact that exponential population growth has on the world. The paper reviews the negative implications such as global warming and air pollution. The paper then discusses other relevant issues.
Outline:
Introduction
Environmental Effects
Health, Food and Education
Urbanization
Resources Issue and Sustainability
Alternate View
From the Paper
"The fact that the world population is rapidly approaching six billion and is having a detrimental impact upon the world's natural resources is now worrying the people at the helm of affairs. Both national and international policy makers worry whether the earth can sustain the rapid growth in population particularly in certain underdeveloped regions of the world. Depletion of natural resources through overuse and destruction of ecosystems by development and pollution seriously threaten the survival of the planet and so the issue of sustainability is raised. "Less developed countries will increase in population from 4.4 billion in 2000 to an estimated 7.7 billion in 2050 (according to UN projections). In contrast, populations of more developed countries are expected to remain around 1.2 billion, due to fertility levels near replacement levels. Even with some improvements in current technologies, the projected increase in developing countries will put severe strains on ecological and economic systems" (Recon, 2004). In order to ensure sustainability different policies need to be adopted. Stringent conservation of resources and reduced demand is one way of achieving environmental sustainability."
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Cohabitation, 2007.
An analysis of the social effects of the increased number of couples cohabiting outside the framework of marriage.
753 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the reasons for the increase in cohabitation among unmarried couples. It bases its discussion on symbolic interactionism and constructionism. The paper looks at the statistics over the last few decades and discusses reasons for the rise in the number of cohabiting couples. It then discusses the social effects of the rise, particularly on the couples and children resulting from their union.
Table of Contents:
The Rise Of Cohabitation
Social Effects
From the Paper
"Research is still being conducted regarding the effects of cohabitation unions on children, especially since statistics show that at least two-fifths of children in the country live with their mother and one cohabitating father. Early research shows that children in such households may be disadvantaged in terms of family income, as cohabitating couples tend to earn less than their married counterparts (Bumpass and Lu 1999). These children are also more likely to undergo transitions in family structures (Ogden 2005). Parents and guardians need to take these needs into account to take care of their children's well-being."
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Leisure and Recreation, 2006.
This paper establishes a professional philosophy for the value of leisure and recreation.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, whereas the Japanese have incorporated the importance of recreation and leisure into their national culture and identity, some Americans feel guilty about recreation and leisure activities because of a residual effect of the Puritan work ethic, which equates having fun with laziness. The author points out, by examining research studies, that recreation and leisure are important to every culture because they contribute positively to the individual, the community and the environment. The paper stresses that American society needs to change its definition of recreation and leisure from being activities that are "squeezed in" during moments of free time to being activities that are made a priority because of their numerous benefits.
Table of Contents:
Individual Benefits
Community Building
Environmental Benefits
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Research by Iwaski, et. al. demonstrated that male and female managers in stressful positions who choose to make leisure a priority find that it becomes an invaluable coping tool. While there do appear to be gender differences in the types of activities selected, both men and women expressed that their recreation and leisure activities were critical to their physical and professional survival. And, although children have not yet entered the competitive corporate world, a similar study by Caldwell et.al. found that middle school students who regularly participated in positive recreation and leisure activities found that they became more efficient and better focused, more aware of their community, and perhaps less likely to participate in substance use and abuse."
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Sri Venkateswara Temple, 2007.
This paper discusses and describes the Hindu temple called the Sri Venkateswara Temple in Bridgewater, New Jersey.
1,159 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the issue of religion and tolerance, like racism, has always been a contentious one in the United States. This is particularly true of the non-Western, non-mainstream religions, such as Hinduism and other Indian religious directions. The writer then looks at the Sri Venkateswara Temple, that is also known as the Balaji Mandir and which functions as both a Hindu Temple and a Cultural Society serving the Hindu people in the area. The writer concludes that the temple has provided a focus not only for the Hindu community in the area, but also for the education of Westerners in the area.
From the Paper
"The Sri Venkateswara Temple is also known as the Balaji Mandir and functions as both a Hindu Temple and a Cultural Society serving the Hindu people in the area. There arose a need for such a temple in the Bridgewater area during the 1980s. One reason is that this period saw a significant increase in the Hindu Indian population in the area. In addition to the fact that this community experienced the need for worship services and cultural connections, was also the fact that many of these people were employed by the professional sector. They therefore had significant funds to contribute toward a project of establishing a worship community and building a temple. As mentioned above, the parental concern for retaining their children's awareness of their cultural roots also played a role in the need for establishing a temple. The first step towards attaining this goal was to buy land on which a temple could be built."
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Low-Income Workers, 2006.
A discussion regarding low-income workers and 'Nickel and Dimed' by Barbara Ehrenreich.
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the issue of low-income workers, said to be - victims of growing prosperity in the USA. The paper reviews Barbara Ehrenreich's book 'Nickel and Dimed' which discusses this subject. According to the paper, Ehrenreich's makes a convincing case against America's self-proclaimed democratic status when it calls the country a "dictatorship" where low-wage workers "dwell in a place that is neither free nor in any way democratic".
From the Paper
"In response to severe workplace abuses witnessed by immigrants at the turn of the 20th century prompted the federal government to take some serious steps. This included the passing of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA). This and other applicable regulations were meant to ensure healthy working conditions and better wages for workers. However over the years, several violations of the provisions of FLSA have surfaced including the violations connected with record keeping. Section 11a of the legislation requires employers to maintain a record of wages, hours and other conditions at the workplace or factories. These records serve as an important tool for checking if any violations of FLSA took place and to ensure that FLSA is properly followed. However the reasons violations of record keeping are rampant is because of a lack of monetary penalties in case of violation. "
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Australian Aboriginal Children's Service, 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to study service provision to Australian Aboriginal children under the age of six years old with intellectual disability.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that social work in Australia, specifically in relation to intellectually disabled children under the age of six years old, is an area of services provision that yet has to achieve its maximum potential. The author points out that the proposed study design will be interpretive in nature utilizing a questionnaire for data collection, which will be coded, grouped and tabulated for analysis. The paper relates that the research will be used to identify specific unmet needs and for developmental planning to meet these needs, which is critical in Australia. The paper includes a figure and several embedded quotations.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Identification of Stakeholders
Literature Review
Figure: Unmet Needs of Intellectually Disabled Children and Their Families
Methodology
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"One type of intellectual disability is related in the work entitled: "The Too-Hard Basket: Education for People who are Deafblind". The authors, Bidenko and James states that there are more than 70 known causes of deaf-blindness, with each cause brining a unique set of needs for the individual. Unfortunately, it is also related that the provision of education of children who are congenitally deaf-blind in Australia, can over the past 2 or 3 decades, be compared with that prior to 1750, of people who were deaf. Another problem that is noted in the country of Australia is the fact that approximately one in four parents was informed of their child's diagnosis by the time their child was three years old. Half the parents had been informed by the time their child was four and a half."
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Filial Piety, 2007.
This paper explores the issue of filial piety among East Asian cultures.
1,272 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer relates that in many Asian cultures, loyalty plays an extremely important part in all areas of life. This is particularly true in professional and family life. As such, the writer explains that certain roles have been determined not only for the different professions, but also for the genders and their roles in family life. As part of the loyalty paradigm, filial piety is an East Asian tradition that has shown a tenacity above all others. The writer points out that this tradition focuses on the family, and particularly upon children and how they should treat their parents. The writer discusses that with the mixture of various cultures often resulting from globalization however, there has been a shift in focus from the importance of honoring and caring for parents towards a more Westernized, exploratory spirit among the East Asian youth. The writer then notes that the cultural evolution in these nations provides evidence of the changing values resulting from this change of viewpoint.
From the Paper
"According to Kyu-taik Sung, for example, industrialization and urbanization have brought about a change in filial piety that is less based on constrictive rules than on affection and reciprocity. While honoring parents during their role in the young child's life and caring for them during old age are still seen as extremely important, this importance is now based upon a different set of values. Filial piety is no longer a value that is inherently a parental right, regardless of how children were treated. Instead, evolution has proved that reciprocal respect and affection are more effective as a basis of filial piety. It is also however important to note that the importance and form of the basic tradition has not change. Parents are acknowledged for their role in the young child's life by being cared for in their old age. In this way, children traditionally show their love and appreciation for the effort that the parents made during their lives. This is however a simplified and very general view. East Asian countries, like the rest of the world, are exposed to Westernized television and values. These values necessarily communicate themselves to impressionable youthful minds, and are subsequently often manifest in rebellious behavior that had previously been unheard of."
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