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The Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq, 2008.
An examination of inhumane behavior towards Iraqi prisoners by US reserve troops.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In 2005, a 22 year old female reservist serving in Iraq, Lynndie England, admitted to seven charges of infraction and breaking of the United States Military's rules for handling prisoners of war under her charge as a United States Military prison guard at Abu Ghraib, Iraq. The author of the paper uses the example of Lynndie England to examine the situation that young, immature and inexperienced reserve soldiers find themselves in, the environmental factors that influence their behavior, and their capability to behave humanely. The writer suggest, that rather than accusing the perpetrator of degrading and inhumane acts of being inhuman, we should look at the situation where young, inexperienced adults are thrown into a totally alien situation and, in the absence of proper guidance or leadership, adopt the machoistic behavioral patterns that they perceive as being both expected of them and, in their situation, normal. The writer of the paper appends some of the sources used for the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
The Case of Lynndie England
Works Cited
From the Paper
"What this means is that a woman in the company of "revolutionaries," or, in the case of Abu Ghraib, a woman cannot achieve the maximum of her potential because in the presence of macho men, still struggling with their patriarchal "baggage," or those influences that prevent them from coming into the identity of their maturity. As we know, in some cases, this might not happen; in other cases, a man is able to put the patriarch in the proper perspective, and might emerge into maturity as an individual identity. Those men who successfully "liberate themselves of learned patriarchal patterns and tendencies will be able to come into their individuality and succeed beyond the restrictions of their fathers."
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Public Goods and the Tragedy of the Commons, 2008.
An examination of the causes and effects of the depletion of natural resources.
2,038 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Garret Hardin's essay, "The Tragedy of the Commons," in which he discusses how people can use resources for their individual ends and often without restriction, resulting in the depletion and eventual elimination of these very resources. It discusses the effects of the depletion of resources on the natural environment.
From the Paper
"Climate change, being a problem of global scope demands a fundamental re-ordering of normal human priorities. The simple syllogism of individual freedom versus physical well-being must be put aside in favor of far larger and far more profound realizations. The continued existence of material and physical prosperity depends on the continued usability of resources. These resources will become partially or wholly unavailable for continued human use if they are destroyed by climate change. Individual nations must begin to see the big picture, to react to a far-ranging problem as if it is something that affects multiple aspects of human existence and multiple generations of women and men. An alternative way of looking at the problem of global warming would be for the causes themselves of climate change to be seen as common property. Emissions, for example, could be controlled through an emissions credit trading programming under which nations that pollute less than others could give their credits to countries that pollute more heavily (Stewart, and Wiener 2004). An allowable average of emissions could be set against which credits would be issued. Eventually as societies work toward tighter emissions controls these standards could be amended, thus furthering the goal of largely eliminating climate changing pollution."
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U. S. Foreign Policy, 2008.
Describes U.S. foreign policy especially since 9/11 and the viewpoint of European countries regarding this foreign policy.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for years, the United States has used its power and influence to help forge international consensus on vital issues. The author points out that this foreign policy is viewed by many countries as being militaristic because it resorts quickly to the use of force to resolve international disputes. The paper relates the attitudes of the European countries that, even post 9/11, this United States' foreign policy is highly overrated. The author concludes that the United States foreign policy, which supports the war on terror, should be continued despite the opposition from other countries.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Europe
Opposition
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This has been clearly represented in America's war with Iraq and the 'Axis of Evil' that has been dominating American Foreign Policy discourse since 9/11. This contrasts with a Europe, which is seemingly committed to 'soft politics, wanting to build a world where economic strength means more than military strength. A world where international institutions and laws- such as those demonstrated by the United Nations, reign supreme over unilateralism and a state-centric view of the world."
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Urban Refugees, 2008.
This paper explores whether refugees are mainly situated in urban areas and the problems that the urban refugee situation creates.
2,602 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper explains why the contemporary refugee situation in most areas of the world is indeed related to urban features and residence. The paper looks at Southern Africa, Ukraine and Canada and discusses the multitude of problems caused by the influx of refugees into already heavily populated urban areas. The paper then shows how the urban nature of the refugee situation has necessitated the development of management strategies and solutions.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview and Causative Factors
The Urban Refugee Phenomenon
Urban Integration and Management Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The problem and the phenomenon of refugees in the world have become increasingly related to urban areas and the urban environment. This is particularly problematic in regions such as Southern Africa where refugees tend to gravitate towards the urban area. In many cases, the urban management systems and cultural context cannot cope with the influx of refugees. This has resulted in a particular set of problems in Africa as well as in other regions of the world where refugees exist in the urban context. However, as will be discussed, these problems are not ubiquitous and different situations exist in developed countries and regions."
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Terrorism and Social Conflict Theory, 2008.
This paper examines terrorist groups today in the framework of social conflict theory.
1,396 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the principles of the social conflict theory and contends that present U.S. policy in the United States and throughout the Middle East is serving to further drive the desires of terrorist groups to use acts of violence. The paper discusses how those involved in committing acts of terrorism do not seek to enter into any talks or discussions but seek to be heard, acknowledged and to exact their revenge on those who they perceive are to blame. The paper argues that in order to end terrorism, the American government must address the grievance issues in those societies that are experiencing terrorist acts.
Outline:
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Since 9/11
Conflict Resolution Not Possible With al-Qaeda
American Policy and Strategy for Intervention
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United States has undergone many legal transformations since the occurrence of September 11, 2001, such as no-fly lists, and a general trampling of basic Constitutional rights of U.S. citizens. This compliance or passivity relating to many injustices of the U.S. government is much of what has driven terrorism in the United States in that the masses of U.S. citizens have ignored many acts of the U.S. government and military operations in the Middle East. Therefore, according to the social conflict theory the terrorist attacks in the United States were a way of reflecting negative attention on the U.S. Government for its actions in the Middle East by the terrorists committing the attacks."
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Disasters, 2008.
A review of the critical infrastructure and disasters that occurred recently in the United States.
1,108 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the twenty-first century brought with it some challenging disasters; man made, technological, and natural. The paper notes that the worst of these in the minds of the public starts with Hurricane Katrina, and its devastating effects on the Gulf region and the City of New Orleans. There was, too, the technological "blackout" of much of the eastern seaboard in 2003, when circuits overloaded and crashed, leaving millions of people without electricity during one of the worst heat waves of the summer. The paper continues and looks at what has become the most visible and lasting disasters, a man made one, when the events of September 11, 2001, unfolded in New York City, Washington, D.C., and in Pennsylvania. The paper looks at how each of these events tested and tried the existing infrastructures of the places where the events took place. This paper examines whether or not American infrastructures have improved and are better prepared to deal with these kinds of events today.
Outline:
September 11, 2001
Hurricane Katrina
2003 Blackout
From the Paper
"Looking at the events of September 11, 2001, beginning in New York City; two commercial jetliners bound for destinations outside of New York were commandeered by terrorists, who then turned those passenger jets into flying weapons of mass destruction. Two planes hit the north and south towers of the World Trade Center, igniting jet fueled fires that completely destroyed both towers "
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Memoirs of Bernardo Vega, 2008.
This paper reviews the book 'Memoirs of Bernardo Vega : A Contribution to the History of the Puerto Rican Community in New York' by Bernardo Vega.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the book 'Memoirs of Bernardo Vega', which is an autobiography with the subtitle 'A Contribution to the History of the Puerto Rican Community in New York'. The writer notes that the time of the book is the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. The writer discusses that while the book is called an autobiography, it has little about Vega's life in it and is instead a collection of observations the man made of life in his corner of New York City. The writer maintains that the book is timely today because it has so much information in it about the immigration system then in place, and that many of the issues facing the city then are similar to those raised about immigration today.
From the Paper
"As depicted by Vega, these factories had a more complex social structure than an outsider might assume was true. The factory had a committee that raised funds for supplying the revolution in the Antilles. The factory had a press representative whose job was to pass out the workers newspapers from different parts of the country. The workers had lengthy conversations about the issues of the day, which for them centered primarily on revolution in Cuba. Vega was also taken with the life of one of the primary leaders of the revolution, Jose Marti, who raised a great deal of money for the revolution."
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Independent Contemporary Documentary Films, 2008.
The paper examines the development and values of modern documentary film makers.
2,870 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author examines and discusses the development of modern day documentary film makers, especially since the US led invasion of Iraq. According to the author, the ability today to bring to almost every home, events occurring many thousands of miles away, almost instantaneously has changed the way journalists report news and specifically how they approach the making of a documentary film. One of the contentions made by the author is that documentary film politics is usually one of the most purely unbiased, democratic politics available to the public because the nature of the documentary is one that lends itself to the voice of the subject of the documentary. The writer goes on to examine various documentary film makers and discusses their work, finally concluding that today, given the environment of politics and corporate ratings and individual ambitions, documentary film may be the most pure form of unedited and unbiased information available to the public.
From the Paper
"One such documentary filmmaker was Deborah Scranton (2006), who went 180 degree turn left of the traditional media, and chose what she refers to as "virtual" embedding with the troops (WBH Forum 2006). Speaking before the WBH Forum about the "process" of making the documentary, Scranton explained that the New Hampshire National Guard offered here the opportunity to document their Guard in Iraq. Scranton decided that the film needed to be from the perspective of the soldier, and instead of traveling to Iraq, she would equip the troops with cameras, and the reporting and the film would be 100% the story of the soldiers based on their experiences. Scranton discussed at length the soldier's concerns when she met with them and explained her idea. Their concerns were that their stories would become lost in her personal agenda. This suggests that the soldiers had their own experiences with, and impressions of previous embedded reporting."
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Resolving Conflicts, 2008.
A review and discussion on international conflict resolution.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper states that there are several proven ways and means of arriving at closure for policymakers who wish to resolve conflicts, through political, economic, and military tools. The paper reviews some of those strategies and points out why these approaches have become more difficult since the onset of the Cold War. The paper comments that John J. Hamre and Gordon R. Sullivan, writing in "The Washington Quarterly" point out that Afghanistan is an example of a "failed state" that truly needs post-conflict reconstruction politically and socially, not just militarily. The paper continues on the subject of the Taliban.
From the Paper
"A second potential solution according to Hamre and Sullivan is to place a "quarantine" around the failed state. It is not an easy solution, because it entails massive transportation and communication resources, and any potential threats within the borders of the quarantined state must be monitored, intercepted, and those efforts require enormously expensive and risky operations on the part of the nation doing the blockade. Number three on the authors' list is to totally give up on the future viability of the failed state, and "carve it up" into pieces. "
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Administrative Policies to Fight Terrorism, 2008.
A discussion regarding the policies introduced by the US government in the fight against terror.
886 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, as a result of the tragic events of 9/11, the US government is attempting to reassure citizens of their safety by implementing additional laws and policies to curb terrorism. It continues with an analysis of articles written on this subject, concluding with the finding that a respectful partnership between law enforcement agencies and the public needs to be achieved.
From the Paper
"Terrorism is a problem that has always threatened democratic societies around the world. Events such as those on 9/11/2001 serve as a horrible reminder not only of collective political vulnerability, but also of individual mortality. The shock effect of the attacks therefore occurred on multiple levels. In its attempt to reassure citizens of their safety, the government has implemented additional laws and policies to curb terrorism. While this is a logical reaction to the culmination of the terrorist threat, one of the associated problems, according to Timothy Lynch (2002), is that the implemented laws and solutions have not been thoroughly enough investigated for their effectiveness. Indeed, these laws have been readily accepted by both government and citizens in a bid to reestablish a sense of security, often with detrimental consequences for constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms. Some critics therefore feel that policy changes should be implemented in the criminal justice system in order to more effectively counter the terrorism threat. These changes are to be based upon an investigation of current policies, their true level of effectiveness, and how they can be modified to more adequately serve their purpose within the context of a free society."
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Medical Marijuana, 2008.
A strong argument against the criminalization of medical marijuana.
1,433 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper asserts that to a great degree, drug policy in America has been irrational, based more on fear than evidence. The paper presents research that proves that marijuana does have medicinal value and explains its many therapeutic uses. The paper contends that the federal government is so dedicated to its policy of marijuana prohibition that it ignores all evidence to the contrary, ignores the expressed will of the electorate and ignores all appeals in favor of protecting the policy, not the public. The paper argues that legislators and drug enforcers are not physicians and should not substitute their belief system for demonstrable scientific studies showing that medical marijuana does indeed benefit patients.
From the Paper
"To a great degree, drug policy in America has long been irrational, based more on fear than evidence. Drugs are targeted when someone perceives that they are a problem, and once they are listed as a controlled substance, the listing becomes a self-perpetuating phenomenon. All evidence to the contrary is dismissed. Marijuana is listed as a controlled substance and has been demonized as a pernicious evil ever since. Growing evidence of the health effects of marijuana for people suffering from certain maladies has not been sufficient to change federal policies, and the irrationality grows as some states have adopted laws allowing for the medical use of marijuana even as the federal government has refused to do so and has sought to criminalize the medical use of marijuana specifically."
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Influences in the Development of Modern Day Iraq, 2008.
The paper examines factors that influenced the development of modern day Iraq.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper examines historical, geographical and religious factors that influenced the development of modern day Iraq. The author contends that within the development of the state of Iraq there are two basic themes of historical continuity from ancient times to the present day: (1) creation and construction of the state (2) the process of economic and social development. Within these two themes there is a constant struggle to come together and to divide. The writer further states that Iraq has had a significant historical struggle with unity, as a result of many centuries of social, economic and political dominance of one group over another, be they ancient rulers or modern "secular" leaders. The paper goes on to examine aspects of that "historical struggle".
From the Paper
"From the more general theory, of geography and foreign interferance one must then discuss the ancient conflict between schools of the same faith, Sunni and Shi' Islam have been in constant struggle for power and representation over the years and to this day there is a clear sense that even modern representations of each of these schools are in a constant struggle to have their foundations build the nation and dominate the social and political arena. This point demonstrated well in the ebb and flow of history represented by Hourani, where he points out that the center of what became modern Iraq (Baghdad) is dominated by the Shi and to some degree still is, while the Sunni are frequently underrepresented and living on the fringes. (p. 35) The differences and similarities of these two faiths have driven them to different ends, and has frequently been the source of much conflict among even the most modern inhabitants of the nation, as it is reflected in a constant struggle to divide, and come together through representation and exclusion."
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Juvenile Perceptions on Capital Punishment, 2008.
This paper examines the perceptions of juveniles on capital punishment.
3,445 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between race and capital punishment. Specifically the researcher explores the racial differences in attitudes toward capital punishment, focusing on juvenile opinions. The paper examines factors affecting views on capital punishment, arguments for and against, attitudes towards the death penalty and provides a review of the literature used in the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature
What Predicts Death Penalty Support?
Arguments For and Against Death Penalty
Public Opinion and Attitudes
Death Penalty Attitudes of the Offender
Death Penalty Attitudes of Juveniles
Summary of the Literature
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Attitudes among juveniles regarding capital punishment are just as heated and challenging as they are among adults. While few studies directly explore the relationship between the death penalty and juveniles, there are reports provided by some empirical researchers suggesting by and large, the juvenile population is just as divided as the American people are on the issue. As noted in the introduction, the Death Penalty Information Center (2006) suggests at least 50% of all adults support the death penalty. However, the same group when offered other alternatives including the alternative of life without parole are likely to change their minds and their opinions of the death penalty. In ancient times, most people unequivocally supported the death penalty, as there were few resources available to conduct elaborate or even minimal burials to individuals that had committed crimes (Bedau & Cassell, 2004)."
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Global Warming, 2008.
A look at how global warming is affecting our world.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the consequences of climate change, particularly due to the elevated concentration of greenhouse gases. It mentions several studies including the work carried out by Al Gore.
From the Paper
"The consequences of climate change are more drastic than people expect. An increase in the average temperature on earth causes ice-cliffs and ice-shelves to melt in Antarctica, Alaska, and Greenland, sea levels to rise, unstable weather worldwide, and extinction of wildlife. The major factor affecting the earth's atmosphere is an elevated concentration of greenhouse gases. Humanity is the culprit causing huge emission of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, which raises the concentration of greenhouse gases. Climate shift is recognized all over the world, but there is an ongoing dispute whether humans are responsible for global warming. On one side, we have some scientists and Bush administration who believes it is a myth aimed at hurting the U.S economy. However, on the other side we have the U.N. climate advocate Al Gore, activists, other scientists and many "common" people like me believing that in fact we are responsible for that turnaround. On February 16, 2005, the Kyoto protocol entered into the force advocating that there indeed is global warming. By December 2006, 141 countries singed the protocol and agreed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. The U.S refused to participate and dismissed the Kyoto protocol (Vendantam). This has created further conflict between the U.S and the rest of the world, and slowed down the process of saving our planet."
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Cultural relations in the Wake of 9/11, 2008.
This paper describes different schools of thought regarding cultural relations following the 9/11 attacks in the United States.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses relations between cultures, civilizations, ways of life and existing tensions following the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. In particular, the author examines past research done by scholars such as Samuel Huntington, Telhami, Tarik Ali and Dr. Mathieu Guidere and Dr. Newton Howard all of whom, in his opinion, have interesting yet differing views on the subject. The writer then examines, discusses and compares the theories of each.
From the Paper
"There are interesting arguments from all parts and it is hard to advocate a single point of view. Huntington's perception is indeed appropriate but it lacks the precision of a scientific research; therefore his argument on the clash of civilization as the new causes for war is relatively vague. Telhami on the other hand makes an interesting point in the sense that his perspective is a useful tactics for the negotiation process. Nonetheless, the "supply and demand" technique cannot be implemented in in the conditions in which the two sides have not established contact, a situation most common in conflict environments. Tarik Ali's argument on a clash of fundamentalisms, although underlines the role of the extreme dimension of ideas, religions, cultures, and national identities, he places too much accent on the actual role of fundamentalist values for the coming conflicts."
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