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Death Penalty, 2007.
An analysis of the ethical issues surrounding the administration of the death penalty in the United States.
5,401 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate on the death penalty as more than a moral issue of whether it is ever permissible to intentionally kill, but rather as an ethical debate on how the death penalty is administered in the United States. It suggests that issues surrounding the administration of the death penalty, make a compelling case for abolishing capital punishment as a sentencing option in the United States.
Table of Contents:
Does The Death Penalty Deter Crime - And Do Americans Really Support It?
Arguments On Behalf Of Victims' Families Ring Hollow
The Wrongly Accused: DNA And Other Exonerations
Racism And The Death Penalty
Executing The Mentally And Psychologically Incompetent
Ineffective Counsel
Methods Are Not As Painless As Some Argue
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When celebrities such as Robert Blake or O.J. Simpson are charged with murder, it is not uncommon for millions of dollars to be spent on their defense. While we may not expect such extremes when poor or middle-class people are charged with murder, we would expect that these defendants would at least have competent legal representation. Quite clearly, this is often not the case."
"For example, the state of Florida allocates only $3,500 for a person to defend themselves against murder charges when a private lawyer can not be afforded and a public defender is unavailable (Payne 2006). That is, in fact, much less than what one might expect to pay for a reliable used car, and yet it is all the money that is allocated for people trying to save themselves from execution. Further, the state also caps how much can be spent by the defense on appeal (no such cap exists for the prosecution), resulting in what State Supreme Court Justice Raoul Cantero has referred to as "some of the worst lawyering" he has ever witnessed (Payne 2006)."
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Stem Cell Research, 2007.
An examination of the debate concerning the ethics of stem cell research.
1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how stem cell research continues to be a controversial subject. It looks at how proponents note the variety of diseases that could be treated effectively by stem cell technology, from Parkinson's to Alzheimer's to spinal injuries to a variety of other diseases, many linked to heredity factors. It also discusses how opponents consider the use of embryonic stem cells unethical. Although the promise of embryonic stem cell technology is great, the question remains - is it worth the cost?
Outline
Introduction
Proponents
Opponents
The Hippocratic Oath and Stem Cell Research
An Alternative Acceptable to Everyone?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Proponents must not only focus on the possible good of embryonic stem cell research, but must also address the question of moral status of the embryo. In so doing, it is noted that an embryo, at the stage of development for stem cell cultivation, has "no central nervous system, no brain, no capacity to suffer, they consist of a few hundred cells" ("No problems", 2006). Even when embryos are naturally conceived, there is a high natural rate of embryo failure, which makes the assertion that an embryo is a person even more difficult."
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Oregon Death with Dignity Act, 2007.
This paper discusses the Oregon Death with Dignity Act.
1,494 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper details recent legislation on assisted suicide known as the Oregon Death with Dignity Act. David Gil's Policy Analysis Framework is used to analyze the new law. According to Gil's analysis, the "objective" of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act is to settle the dispute as to what the desires of an incapacitated person really are. The author concludes that as a result of the enactment of this law, the number of physician-assisted suicides will continue to grow, and disability supporters will protest and try to bring awareness to the general public.
From the Paper
"The danger of defining "terminal" with time limits or definitions of illness is that these limits may be defined differently by different doctors. In the Netherlands "terminal" is simply "concrete expectancy of death" and time limits and definitions of "terminal illness" have been fastidiously avoided, to protect both the ill and their physicians when a terminal illness or mental state cannot be judged within these limits. Patients may suffer long past the six months that the doctor assumes is remaining for the patient. (Marker, 2006) In Oregon, the legal interpretation of "terminal disease" is "an incurable and irreversible disease that has been medically confirmed and will, within reasonable medical judgment, produce death within six months." [1995 c.3 s.1.01; 1999 c.423 s.1] (Definitions, 12)"
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Stem Cell Research Proposal, 2005.
A research proposal regarding the future of stem cell research.
1,931 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This proposal outlines a plan to research the future of stem cell research. According to the paper, stem cell research is an extremely volatile topic worldwide due to the abilities it can potentially create for the medical field. The plan proposes to explore the history of stem cell research, the uses it currently offers, the controversy surrounding its use and what the future of the field seems to be.
Outline:
Summary
Introduction
The Problem
Objectives
Proposed Procedure
Library
Experts
Survey
Data Collection
Task Target
Budget
From the Paper
"Studies have been conducted for the purpose of identifying the most pressing ethical issues in the area of stem cell research. These studies have aimed their objective at helping to inform the issue of policy making by providing the ethical questions in research format. While these are important studies that have answered many of the more pressing questions the measurement of public feelings and support are what will ultimately drive the policy decisions regarding stem cell research. A recent Canadian study targeted a population of participants who were sent email messages asking them to provide their feelings and ideas about what the most pressing issues surrounding stem cell research are. "Responses were collated and categorized under broad topic areas. The topics were then reviewed by a panel of experts through teleconference discussions(Ogbogu, 2006)."
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The Morning-After Pill, 2007.
This paper discusses the use of the morning after pill, or the emergency contraceptive pill, in the United States.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the use and availability of the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) in the US. The writer argues in favor of this contraceptive method, citing statistics that demonstrate its need and benefit. Also discussed is recent legislation regarding ECP and FDA approval of various types of this drug. The author also details the confusion and misinformation associated with ECP. The author concludes that emergency contraception pills are a safe and effective method of preventing unplanned pregnancies.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Background of the Problem
Discussion
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Emergency contraception is commonly known as the morning after pill. The name comes from the fact that these methods of birth control are used after a person has had unprotected sex. Unplanned pregnancies are common around the world and it is believed that 50 million unwanted pregnancies are terminated every year globally. [1]In the United States alone, 1 million and more abortions could be prevented with more widespread use of emergency contraceptives."
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Capital Punishment, 2007.
Presents an argument in favor of the death penalty.
1,631 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how capital punishment (also called the death penalty) is a highly contentious issue with both the advocates and opponents advancing numerous ethical, moral, and economic arguments for and against the continuance of the practice. While respecting the views of some of the committed pacifists who oppose capital punishment, the paper contends that we should maintain the death penalty in the United States for serious crime. It supports this contention by refuting some of the major arguments against capital punishment, besides presenting a few valid points in support of continuing the death penalty.
From the Paper
"One of the main arguments against the practice of death penalty is that it violates the 'right of life' of every individual. This argument, to my mind is preposterous, and an insult to the memory of the victims of serious crimes such as pre-meditated murders and rape of young children. How can a vicious murderer who has knowingly taken away an innocent life and callously disregarded the victims 'right to life' still lay claim to his own 'right to life'? I believe that such criminals, after taking away the life of another human being, forfeit their right to live, and the society then has an obligation to judge whether the crime was serious enough to deserve a death penalty."
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Illegal Immigration, 2007.
The paper discusses the controversial issue of illegal immigration in the US and argues for stricter immigration laws.
926 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the difference of opinion between House Republicans and Democrats regarding illegal immigration. The paper maintains that as increasing numbers of illegal immigrants cross the borders of the United States, it is clear that a revamp of existing laws is needed. The paper is of the opinion that illegal immigration should be classified as a felony. This would make it not only illegal for undocumented aliens to remain in the country, but it would also make it a criminal act to assist them. The paper asserts that American citizens should not be obliged to financially support a hand of criminals and their offspring, they should be able to walk the streets safely and be granted the jobs they are entitled to.
From the Paper
"The illegal immigrant issue is age old in the United States, and just about that recent are the futile attempts to improve the situation on the matter. As we speak, some 4 percent of the United States' population consists of illegal aliens and President Bush's guest-worker program doesn't seem to be a solution either to the Republicans or the Democrats on the venture. The House Republicans and the Democrats have been arguing for almost a year whether illegal immigration should be made a felony on the US territory; at the moment it is only considered a misdemeanor but neither of the parts is satisfied with the situation. The Republicans are strongly against the guest-worker program as they consider it to be rewarding illegal immigrants, while the Democrats insist it is a good start but not enough measure, because it is only to bring a temporary solution to the 11 million immigrants."
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Colin Powell, 2007.
A portrait of Colin Powell, one of the most popular military and political figures of this generation.
2,086 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Colin Powell's background as a poor African-American in the Bronx in New York City who rose to attain one of the most powerful positions in the United States government. The paper looks at his impressive military record and shows how Powell became a key figure in many military and diplomatic endeavors. The paper points out that despite his military record and role in the Bush team that began the war in Iraq, many Americans perceive Powell as being the voice of peace and dissent in the Bush White House. The paper concludes that Powell's commitment to hard work, careful advising, diplomacy and might when necessary has made him one of the most popular and distinguished soldiers and statesmen of the 21st century.
From the Paper
"General Colin L. Powell is a study in contrasts in many ways. He has enjoyed a distinguished career in the United States Military, many high-ranking political positions including Secretary of State, and as the founder and chairman of the charitable group America's Promise. He is, arguably, one of the most popular military and political figures of this generation, but his reluctance in those roles is one of the most noticeable characteristics of his service. Although he was nudged by scandal on a few occasions, it rolled off him and never became part of his great legacy."
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The Oregon Death With Dignity Statute, 2007.
An analysis of social work policy, focusing on legal euthanasia.
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Oregon Death with Dignity statute. The paper discusses who the statute is likely to affect, and who the players are that have a vested interest. The paper further examines the ethics involved in doctor-assisted suicides. The paper explores the role that medical insurance companies play in supporting the statute. The paper concludes that the power of the statue should be in the hands of the public, not the physicians.
From the Paper
"The short term effect of the statute is that federal resources previously used to care for the elderly and terminally ill will be freed up to be allocated toward other uses. Since the statute effects the population in question, the public will not take any action to change the mindset of these ill individuals. Rather, their "right-to-die" will be supported. The long term effect of the statute is that no physician will be charged with manslaughter for facilitating an assisted suicide, or prosecuted under drug laws. More importantly, doctors will once again be in control of making all of the health care decisions. Those that probably do not really want to die will assess their current situation, and assume that the government is most likely right in its reach."
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Death Penalty, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of crime and capital punishment.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that among the claims made about the death penalty by proponents of capital punishment is that the penalty is fairly applied so that it cannot be rejected as being applied more readily to any one group in society. The writer argues that this claim is false, and various analysts have shown how the poor are disadvantaged by the entire legal system and how minorities who kill whites are far more likely to be sentenced to death than anyone who kills another minority member. The writer notes that reforms of the entire justice system have been proposed, with the view that the unfairness extends to all crimes and not just to capital crimes. The writer concludes that it is not clear how any of the proposed solutions would affect problems in the system and unfairness in particular.
From the Paper
"More and more analysts have found that the death penalty is not applied equally and that there is often a racial component in the way some offenders are treated and sentenced. This view has not been accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, however, even as opponents of the death penalty cite statistics showing that the death penalty is racially discriminatory. These opponents have raised the issue in court with little success. They cite statistics to the effect that black murderers are far more likely than white murderers to get the death penalty, and that this is especially true if the victim was white. Statistics from Georgia show what happens. In that state, a black man accused of killing a white person is substantially more likely to receive the death penalty than a white person convicted of killing either a white or a black. Some forty six percent of the inmates on Georgia's death row are black, and most were sentenced to die for killing a white victim. Other states show similar statistics."
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Should Aliens Have The Same Rights As U.S. Citizens?, 2007.
An analysis of the rights of aliens in the United States and a discussion on whether or not they should be changed.
2,907 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the rights of residents of the United States who are citizens of other countries (aliens). It discusses whether or not the amount of rights that aliens in the United States benefit from is in accordance with the International Law of Human Rights and religious and moral principles. The paper explores whether aliens should be awarded more rights or if they already have too many rights and discusses the implications of providing them with more rights.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Aliens' Rights
Protests
Mexican Immigrants
Working Conditions for Illegal Aliens
Prejudice
Benefits for the Illegal Aliens
International Human Rights Legislation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"During the years, due to social pressure the illegal aliens have been granted a series of temporary benefits. They have been awarded amnesties at times. That is the granting of a legal statute into the country. They have had educational subsidies. In some states they have had drivers' licenses. One such benefit was the illegal alien identification card which was introduced in an effort to legitimize and control illegal migration. Especially the governments of the countries of origin of most of the aliens, like Mexico, were very important supporters of this card. This card is used if the alien is deported according to the laws. These cards have been strongly opposed by the American conservatives as they were thought to be aiding and abetting illegal migration."
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Bio Ethics & Globalization, 2006.
A discussion regarding the contentious issue of stem cell research.
1,428 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at stem cell research and the possibilities it holds for human development. The paper reviews the issues surrounding stem cell research and discusses both arguments for and against this science. The paper further discusses the impact that globalization has and will have on scientific development.
From the Paper
"This debate has been taken to a higher level as President Bush was required to take a stand in the matter. However, due to the fact that the debate became political, it demanded a wider approach and therefore the attention focused on the issue of abortion and the presidential opinion on the problem. Practical issues such as vote numbers make a clear position to be highly improbable. The issue of federal funding of the research was somewhat dealt with by Bush who in the end, after a thorough analysis of the different points of view, decided that "Embryonic stem cell research offers both great promise and great peril. (...)This year, your government will spend $250 million on this important research. I will also name a President's council to monitor stem cell research, to recommend appropriate guidelines and regulations, and to consider all of the medical and ethical ramifications of biomedical innovation." (The White House, 2001)"
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Importing Pharmaceutical Drugs, 2007.
An analysis of the problems related to importing pharmaceutical drugs into the United States.
1,367 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate over loosening regulations on the import of foreign drugs into the United States. It discusses the high cost of many drugs in the United States and the issues of regulating drugs that are manufactured overseas. The paper then discusses ways that the problems of drug regulation can be overcome, by comparing it to the successful regulation of other industries that are responsible for safeguarding the public's health.
Table of Contents:
1.1 Introduction
2.1 Opposition To Wider Importation: Ineffective Drugs
2.2 Opposition To Wider Importation: The Canada Problem
3.1 Arguments For Importation: Solutions From Other Industries
3.2 Arguments For Importation: Controlling The Black Market
4.1 Conclusion
From the Paper
"The notion that quality cannot be controlled if the pharmaceuticals are manufactured in foreign countries rings a bit hollow, as other industries that are responsible for safeguarding the public's health have successfully overcome the same problem. For example, the water treatment and food processing industries, like many industries where poor quality could negatively impact the public health, have both heavily exported equipment and materials from Asian countries (Cupp, 2005)."
"The fact is that both the water treatment and food processing markets have created global standards that are enforced by a variety of certification bodies. Entities such as NSF (formerly the National Sanitation Foundation) and Underwriters Laboratories have certification programs that manufacturing entities around the world must apply to join. The organizations will visit a firm's manufacturing facilities, no matter where they are, and rigorously inspect the process and test the firm's products and processes at regular intervals (About NSF). When you see the NSF mark on commercial, residential or municipal water filters or on commercial or residential food processing equipment, you can be certain that the parent company has undergone this rigorous process."
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Racial Profiling and Discrimination, 2006.
A discussion regarding racial profiling and discrimination in the criminal justice system.
1,316 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how there is currently a considerable amount of debate and contention about the practice of profiling, particularly with regard to the legal and ethical implications. The paper also reviews the argument that in some cases profiling is necessary in terms of national security.
Outline:
Introduction
Profiling and Prejudice
The Results of Profiling and Discrimination
The Contemporary Problem of Profiling
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A factor that has already been alluded to is that the result of profiling not only increases racial prejudice and social dissention, but that it can also lead to the biased overrepresentation of ethnic groups within the criminal justice system. There are numerous studies that attest to the overrepresentation of Blacks and Hispanics in the criminal system. One report state that there were "...serious findings of systematic unequal treatment of African American and Hispanic Americans and other minorities, as compared to their similarly situated white counterparts within the criminal justice system. "( Dunnaville C. 2000) Another important aspect of the study was that these disparities were found to begin with the very first stages of the process; which included the investigation of the suspected criminals by law enforcement officers, which again suggests discrimination. ( Dunnaville C. 2000) These disparities were then continued throughout the legal and criminal system. These are serious allegations as it amounts to stating that overrepresentation is in the first instance closely linked to racial and ethnic bias. "
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Biological Terrorism, 2007.
This paper looks at the potential threat of water contamination by terrorists.
3,997 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how preventing and responding to terrorism are two issues that are now critical aspects of the United States' security and political landscape. The paper attempts to investigate why the water systems of large cities are vulnerable to terrorists' attacks. The paper also evaluates why the water system in the city of Chicago is vulnerable to terrorist attacks. The paper discusses how such an attack would most likely be unsuccessful because of detection methods, dilution, chlorination and the filtration processes but there is still an element of danger. The paper looks at the theories of bioterrorism and bioterrorism defense.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Water Facilities in Large Metropolitan Areas
What Will Happen if Terror Attacks Do Occur?
Protecting These Systems
Chicago Water Systems Vulnerability
Theoretical Framework
Competing Hypothesis
From the Paper
"Biological and chemical warfare are particular concerns for the American government as it relates to protecting the citizenry. America has already experienced small scale biological attacks with the anthrax attacks that occurred following the terrorists attacks of September eleventh. Anthrax is a naturally occurring substance that causes severe respiratory problems and can result in death. The previous Anthrax attack affected only a few people; however a large scale attack using anthrax or some other biological agent could be catastrophic. The impact of such an attack could have devastating consequences as millions of Americans could be left dead or seriously ill."
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