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Alternative Interrogation Methods, 2007.
This paper discusses matters relating to alternative interrogation methods and techniques.
923 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that with the strikes on America on September 11th, America changed. The writer points out that no longer were the borders of one of the strongest countries in the world effective barriers against terrorism. The writer discusses that, as in any war, interrogation becomes a primary means of information gathering. For this reason the writer maintains that the issue of the use of alternative interrogation techniques has risen to the forefront of the American debate. The writer then looks at whether coercive techniques can be considered as torture. The writer concludes that if one person standing on a box, who is never in any real danger of being harmed, or one person who is forced to go without sleep, gave information that would prevent a second September 11th from occurring, than the use of these interrogation techniques would be worth it.
From the Paper
"It is difficult to determine what involvement President Bush's administration had prior to passing of legislation such as the Military Commissions Act. President Bush has insisted that the interrogators themselves requested the tough alternative interrogation techniques. Yet, others insist that documents show that instead these coercive techniques were forced on the interrogators. One thing is certain, the Abu Gharib scandal has caused the general public to question just what techniques are being used during interrogation, and at what point does alternative morph into torture?"
"Abu Gharib prison is, perhaps, one of the most notorious recent military scandals brought to the American public's attention. With debate over America's presence in Iraq in full force, the accounts of abuse and torture coming from the prison in 2003 were perfect fuel for the fire. An internal investigation conducted in 2004, and later exposure in the American media, found American military personnel abusing prisoners, severely damaging the credibility of America's presence in Iraq, both at home and abroad. Although the Bush administration noted that these acts were isolated acts of individuals, others noted that these actions were condoned by the military as forms of alternative interrogation."
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Crisis Communications, 2006.
A discussion regarding the use of crisis communication in overcoming barriers when crafting an effective communication strategy during a crisis.
2,261 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses crisis communication as a tool in crisis management strategy. According to the paper, effective communication in a time of crisis, can make all the difference. The paper focuses primarily on Hurricane Katrina. The paper reviews various relevant literature to determine the background of the problems experienced when dealing with the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Overcoming Constraints to Crisis Communications
Eight Key Principles of Crisis Communications
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While many companies still lack an effective crisis communications plan, others have recognized the potential threat to their survival and have taken steps to address these shortcomings. In fact, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and the series of natural disasters that affected the coastal regions of the United States in the years that followed appear to have been a wake-up call for many enterprises. Indeed, following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, a survey of national public relations professionals determined that many companies area assigning higher priority to updating their crisis communications plans and attempting to identify faster approaches to communicate with all employees during such emergency situations (Duhe, 2005). According to this author, "The survey of 150 companies found that 46 percent of companies have increased their focus upon crisis communications planning in the wake of 9/11. Companies re-evaluated their crisis communication plans and determined that the top priority is to communicate quickly and effectively with all employees" (Duhe, 2005, p. 7)."
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The Solution to Global Warming, 2007.
This paper discusses the greenhouse effect, the resulting global warming and the approach necessary to address this problem.
1,224 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the world needs to act to curb the greenhouse effect and the resulting global warming. The paper examines how human activity related to industrialization has upset the natural balance of greenhouse gases that have kept this planet habitable. The paper also discusses how people have tried to address the problem of global warming through technology and legislation and argues that a balanced and global approach must be adopted to bring the greenhouse gases back to their original levels. The paper asserts that people must be willing to make sacrifices, to use less gas and to convert to more renewable energy sources.
From the Paper
"The planet's natural ability to trap heat at necessary has kept if habitable for over four billion years, and maintaining this delicate balance is important for the planet's survival. The thermal blanket of heating gases has kept the earth warm and habitable. If not for these gases, the earth's temperature would plunge to an estimated 59 degrees Fahrenheit, making it uninhabitable for most of the living organisms on earth today (EPA)."
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Cloning, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of cloning.
1,898 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper review and discusses the issue of cloning. According to the paper, cloning has raised a litany of legal and ethical questions, and is an issue that has become shrouded in fallacy, myth and misunderstanding. The paper reports that according to the Human Genome Project, cloning can be easily broken down into three types: recombinant DNA cloning; reproductive cloning; and therapeutic cloning.
Outline:
Introduction
Reproductive Cloning
Therapeutic Cloning
Costs and Benefits
Conclusion and Related Issues
From the Paper
"Lawmakers may need to evaluate cloning policy by using a cost-benefit analysis and a utilitarian ethic. The costs of liberal cloning legislation are both financial and ethical. Financial costs of cloning are normally exorbitant because of the high failure rates of reproductive cloning. However, therapeutic cloning is costly too. Public policy must take financial issues into account because it could impact the allocation of taxpayer monies. Legal costs might also haunt governments that allow cloning research. To prevent complications related to direct government investments in cloning research, legislation could open the door for privately-funded cloning research projects while at the same time banning federally- or state-funded research projects."
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An Orwellian America?, 2007.
A persuasive paper against the policies of the George W. Bush administration.
1,302 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper claims that President George W. Bush will go down in history as one of the most unpopular presidents in the annals of American politics. The paper discusses how both Orwell and Huxley presage the dangers of a despotic regime and the paper equates their visions with the United States of today. The paper asserts that modern and emerging technologies are being used to invade the deepest recesses of our homes and our lives. The paper also bemoans the way suspected terrorists are not allowed the due process of law and humane incarceration.
From the Paper
"President George W. Bush will go down in history as one of the most unpopular presidents in the annals of American politics. With the trampling of Pres. Bush's Republican Party by the Democrats in both U.S. House and Senate, these is a clear sign and mandate from the American voters that majority of Bush's actions the previous years are not accepted by the citizenry. One of the major political platforms of the U.S. president is his stance on the "war of terror" brought about by the 9/11 terrorists attacks and since then, he has been dubbed as doing a lot of Orwellian acts. It all started with "the Bush administration's proposal for a labyrinthine 'Department of Homeland Security (DHS)' included an exemption from the Freedom of Information Act (Evans, 2002)."
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Abortion, 2007.
An argument against Judith Jarvis Thomson's analogy for abortion, found in her article "A Defense of Abortion."
988 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of abortion from the point of view of Judith Jarvis Thomson, found in her article "A Defense of Abortion." It discusses the issue by describing Thomson's hypothetical situation where a woman is essentially tethered to a famous violinist, who lives off the woman's organs. The paper argues against the logic used in Thomson's analogy, while still proposing that there may be circumstances where abortion should be legitimate.
From the Paper
"Perhaps we can all agree that no unborn baby ever reaches adult size and that, in many pregnancies, the baby's size does not become a significant obstruction until the very late stages of the pregnancy. In fact, at the six-month mark a typical fetus will only weigh about a pound and a half (Battle, 1982). And, certainly, pregnant women can be quite active. Many pregnant women exercise and even travel well into their pregnancies. The body has a natural mechanism for storing and carrying an unborn baby. And while we may all agree that carrying a nine-pound baby inside one's womb is not a simple task, we can also agree that the baby is not nine pounds for the vast majority of the pregnancy and that it is still a much easier task than having a grown adult plugged into one's kidneys. The situations, quite simply, are not analogous."
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Abortion, 2007.
An argument against Judith Jarvis Thomson's analogy for abortion, found in her article "A Defense of Abortion."
988 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of abortion from the point of view of Judith Jarvis Thomson, found in her article "A Defense of Abortion." It discusses the issue by describing Thomson's hypothetical situation where a woman is essentially tethered to a famous violinist, who lives off the woman's organs. The paper argues against the logic used in Thomson's analogy, while still proposing that there may be circumstances where abortion should be legitimate.
From the Paper
"Perhaps we can all agree that no unborn baby ever reaches adult size and that, in many pregnancies, the baby's size does not become a significant obstruction until the very late stages of the pregnancy. In fact, at the six-month mark a typical fetus will only weigh about a pound and a half (Battle, 1982). And, certainly, pregnant women can be quite active. Many pregnant women exercise and even travel well into their pregnancies. The body has a natural mechanism for storing and carrying an unborn baby. And while we may all agree that carrying a nine-pound baby inside one's womb is not a simple task, we can also agree that the baby is not nine pounds for the vast majority of the pregnancy and that it is still a much easier task than having a grown adult plugged into one's kidneys. The situations, quite simply, are not analogous."
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Immigrant Integration in France, 2007.
This paper explores the racial divide in France between North African Muslims and French mainstream society.
1,338 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the problem facing North African Muslim immigrants in France is one of both social stigma and economic disability. The paper describes how an unsympathetic government combined with the plight of misinformed French citizenry has caused a near breaking point between the relationships of immigrants and the mainstream populace. The paper shows how the current terrorism and fear of Islamic fundamentalism has had a profound effect on efforts at immigration integration. The paper asserts that France must take further steps to promote greater economic and political incentives for immigrant integration, or else they will face worse problems than rioting within their national borders.
From the Paper
"North African Muslims is the largest sector of immigrants within France, the majority of them came during the migration of World War I from such countries as Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. According to statistics, almost 25% of the total population of inner Paris are immigrants and 14% of the metropolitan area in general. There are over three million North African Muslims living in France according to recent demographic studies. The composition of North African immigrants is contrary to traditional models and the problems they face are unconventional as well."
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The American Intelligence Community, 2007.
This paper looks at how the United States' intelligence community has evolved since World War II to the present.
2,507 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the enormous political and economic changes since the Second World War have dramatically changed the way governments collect and use intelligence. The paper shows how the United States' intelligence community has changed considerably since the end of the Second World War. The paper explains that at that time, it was a force to fight the spread of communism and with it the growth in power and influence of America's chief rival, the Soviet Union. Today, it has become a terrorist-fighting organization and one that is intimately linked with other law enforcement agencies.
From the Paper
"The enormous political and economic changes of the years since the Second World War have dramatically changed the way governments collect and use intelligence. During that period of time, the United States went from a nation with only a small, primarily wartime intelligence community, to a state in possession of an extensive national security apparatus. The "national security state" arose first in response to the perceived threat of communism, and eventually grew to encompass many other potential dangers. Terrorism, economic espionage, as well as rogue states and foreign domestic disturbances are now included within the purview of the contemporary American intelligence community."
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Alien Rights, 2007.
A discussion whether illegal immigrants should have the same rights as legal American citizens.
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The author explores the arguments surrounding the issue of illegal immigration and discusses its positive and negative effects on the United States. The paper looks at the costs in terms of employment, national security, health and social spending and diseases brought into the country. The paper also examines the benefits to the economy that supporters of illegal immigration attribute to these aliens. The author concludes with the opinion that the United States should not tolerate illegal immigrants crossing the borders to take advantage of employment, health care and educational opportunities.
From the Paper
"There are an estimated 12 million illegal aliens living and working in the United States. None of them have any real fear of ever being detained or deported, because it is doubtful anyone is even looking for them (Seper 2004). Explains one veteran Border Patrol supervisor in Arizona, "If they can get by us - and a lot of them do - they know they can go underground, find a job and disappear, particularly in the several cities and towns across the country that have large Hispanic populations" (Seper 2004). In fact, an estimated 1 million illegal aliens flood into the U.S., and few draw attention once they pass through the border region (Seper 2004)."
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Assisted Suicide, 2007.
An analysis of Plato's views on suicide and assisted suicide, as seen in his works.
1,556 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the views of the ancient philosopher, Plato, on suicide. The paper shows that his views, when examined in the context of assisted suicide, show his stance to be one of general disapproval, with a few exceptions. The paper examines his general views in "Phaedo," "Laws" and "The Republic" and then discuss the exceptions to his stance.
From the Paper
"The only assisted suicide Plato would find acceptable based on his beliefs of suicide in general and on his beliefs regarding medical assistance, would be an assisted suicide for the terminally ill and disabled. Again, however, Plato's views on this matter suggest the decision to end the life of such a person would not be in the hands of the ill, but in the views of society in terms of the individual's ability to contribute to moral and social standards. Since the modern view of assisted suicide refers to an individual's choice to end life, such an act would be disapproved of by Plato. Only in cases where society views the individual as a burden, and thus, as an undesirable citizen, would such an assisted suicide be seen as morally acceptable. To assist an individual who is capable of contributing to society, but is simply unwilling to do so, would be morally reprehensible."
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Abortion Rights, 2007.
This paper discusses the right to an abortion and argues pro-choice.
1,549 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper takes the position that abortions should remain a legal option for a woman; her right to control what happens to her own body should not be in the hands of politicians in Washington, or anti-abortion activists anywhere. The writer maintains that a woman's right to privacy is, according to Roe v. Wade, protected by the Constitution. Further, the writer claims that, even though the present executive branch of the U.S. Government is "pro-life" in philosophy and has placed two new Justices who are potentially able to tip the scales to overturn Roe v. Wade, the law should continue to uphold a woman's right to privacy, and allow abortions in clean, medically appropriate healthcare facilities.
Outline:
Introduction
Abortion and Women
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There was a law in 1972 that was struck down by the Court in Eisenstadt v. Baird; the Court ruled that distribution by doctors of the birth control pill to unmarried adults was legal. In 1976, three years after Roe v. Wade, the Court ruled that a married woman did not have to have her husband's permission to get an abortion, if she wanted one."
"The Bush Administration has been pro-life throughout its 6 years in the executive branch of U.S. Government so far; and the NOW Web site points out some of the decisions Bush has made to push forward his administration's agenda."
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Global Warming, 2007.
This paper discusses global warming as a man-induced condition that has produced a real environmental problem.
1,119 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer maintains that global warming represents the single major environmental problem of the 21st century. The writer points out that man's quest for development has contributed to environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources. The natural equilibrium of earth is altered by man-made conditions. Today, the writer notes that while a strong majority of the people believe that global warming represents a real threat and a serious problem that deserves our immediate attention, there are yet others who continue to attribute it as a natural phenomenon or one without economically viable interventions. The writer provides a brief description of global warming and then discusses the reasons why this condition or process is disturbing.
Outline:
Introduction
Global Warming (A real problem)
Undeniable Facts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"What is disturbing, however, is the man induced increase in greenhouse gases, which now trap more heat and thereby increase the temperature of earth more than usual. Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased dramatically due to human activities. Scientists have found that the atmospheric concentration of CO2, one of the important greenhouse gases has increased by over 30% in the post industrial revolution period. The burning of fossil fuels has contributed to this huge increase in CO2, Methane, nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gases. Environmental scientists state that the average increase of Earth's temperature, which was 1 F per century, has over the last three decades increased to 4 F per century. The UN intergovernmental panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has reported that man-made greenhouse pollution over the last fifty years is directly responsible for this rapid warming up of the Earth. If industrial pollution and emission of greenhouse gases go unchecked, it would bear serious consequences for the delicately balanced ecosystems, which cannot adapt to this rapid, artificially induced temperature changes and consequent changes in weather patterns."
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Stem Cell Research, 2007.
This paper explores the controversial issue of stem cell research.
2,226 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that stem cell research is one of the most exciting fields of biology today and yet as it generates new discoveries, it also raises many questions. The writer points out that stem cell research has the potential of developing treatment for some of the most serious medical conditions, such as cancer, spinal cord injuries, and birth defects. Further, the writer notes that while some oppose any type of stem cell research, others oppose only the use of embryonic stem cells but support stem cells derived from adults (such as from bone marrow), from umbilical cords, and from animals. The writer concludes that experts emphasize the need for adequate federal and international uniformity concerning the regulation of embryonic stem cell research to avoid potential abuse.
From the Paper
"Although there are a number of sources for stem cells, each varies in terms of their versatility and usefulness. They can be derived from embryos, fetal tissue, umbilical cord blood, and adult tissue. Fetal stem cells are derived from aborted or stillborn fetal tissue. Embryonic stem cells can come from excess embryos created in fertility clinics for in vitro fertilization, from embryos created specifically for the purpose of research, or from embryos created via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Using SCNT, the nucleus is removed from a donated egg, replaced with the nucleus from a somatic cell, and then induced to divide into an embryo; this process could reduce rejection problems associated with transplantation of stem cells because the replacement nucleus comes from the individual to who the stem cells are given. Generally, embryonic and fetal stem cells are pluripotent and offer the greatest potential, whereas stem cells that come from umbilical cord blood or adult tissues are mainly multipotent or unipotent."
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Contraceptive Devices, 2007.
This paper provides a review of contraceptive methods.
1,571 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews alternatives to the various contraceptive methods available. The writer looks into the issue of possible side effects and also into each device's respective effectiveness in providing reliable protection from pregnancy. The writer notes that there are in fact several workable and reasonably dependable methods to prevent pregnancy, and those are reviewed. In the conclusion of the paper, the writer makes the recommendation for the contraceptive device that this writer believes is the best for the woman who fears she may forget to take her pill.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The contraceptive patch gives the woman "continuous daily doses" of estrogen; the woman has to put a new patch on each week, so one can see that for a forgetful person, the patch might not be the best way to go. She puts a new patch on each week for 3 weeks, then goes a week without the patch, during which time her menstruation occurs. The FDA warns women who use the patch, that they are getting higher doses of estrogen than with oral contraceptives."
"Another option is the vaginal ring, which is "easily inserted" and it remains in her vagina for three weeks; she takes it out after three weeks, goes a week without a ring, and then puts a new one in for three more weeks."
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