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Legalizing Marijuana, 2007.
This paper discusses the use of marijuana and argues in favor of its legalization.
767 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that marijuana is one of the most common drugs available today. The writer points out that both the use and possession of marijuana are illegal, but the trade in this substance continues to flourish. This paper argues that law enforcement efforts to contain the marijuana trade are futile and wasteful. The writer maintains that this effort only serves to further tax jails and court systems that are already strained, whereas these resources could be allotted towards greater law enforcement, public safety programs, and medical research. The writer concludes that legalizing marijuana has tremendous social, financial and safety-related values for the general community and therefore the harsh laws against marijuana possession should be revised.
From the Paper
"In 2003 alone, state and federal courts processed an estimated one million marijuana convictions. This figure does not even include the marijuana convictions that are handled by lower or municipal courts. Failing to legalize the possession of marijuana therefore further taxes the corrections system and slows down the workings of judicial courts."
"The legalization of marijuana would also free up valuable law enforcement resources, so that police could address other, more dangerous crimes. In his analysis of the costs of enforcing marijuana laws, Harvard economist Jeffrey Miron estimates that the taxpayers spend $7.7 billion annually (Lazarus 2005). This figure could certainly be allotted towards other vital activities, such as the training and recruitment of more police officers. A recent FBI study, for example, notes that violent crime has increased 28 percent in 2005."
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| Term Paper # 96729 |
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Organ Transplants, 2006.
A review of Dr. William Beschorner ideas regarding organ transplantation.
846 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses Dr. William Beschorner and his belief that organ farming is a solution to the lack of organs readily available for donation and transplantation. According to the paper, specifics of his research deals with how to get the human body to adopt an animal organ, as it is the natural response of our bodies to reject anything alien.
From the Paper
"The core concept behind his revolutionary research is that by injecting cells from a potential donor into the host, the host will be able to accept transplants later on. This technique was successfully used between sheep and pigs. Beschorner used this technique to inject bone marrow from sheep into fetal pigs. As a result, the pigs were born with a tolerance to sheep cells. The pigs that were produced ultimately are transgenic, which means that they have genetic material from two different species within their body. Using the same strategy, he was able to transplant the aorta of these pigs into sheep with strong acceptance rates. He has found that "the tolerance goes both directions, the pig become tolerant to the sheep cells, and the sheep cells in the pig are programmed to become tolerant to pig cells" (NPG). This revolutionary technique is what Beschorner wishes to adapt to the next stage of his experiment. In one experiment, Beschorner grafted pig hearts onto the necks of the sheep. As a result, the sheep's blood would flow through the heart but it didn't replace the sheep's own heart. Such experiments demonstrated that only seven of the thirty five within the test actually experienced vascular rejection, whereas all of the sheep receiving hearts from unmodified pigs exhibited vascular rejection."
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Terrorism, 2006.
A discussion regarding methods of countering the new terrorism.
2,802 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the issue of the new terrorism threat. Specifically, the paper examines the strategies implemented to counter the new terrorism threat (post 9/11) and whether these strategies have been successful. It also looks at many possible long-term strategies to counter this new terrorism.
Outline:
Protections Already in Place
Protecting Internal Hubs
Target Hardening and Displacement
Chemical and Biological WMDs
Container Security
Future Strategic Theories
From the Paper
"One way to do this is to enlist the aid of other Middle Eastern nations and their moderate populations. Mockaitis states, "Finally, the moderate majority in key Arab states must be persuaded to support the war or to at least stop supporting Al Qaeda. This last task will be the most difficult to achieve since it requires some significant changes in US foreign policy." So far, gaining the support of other Middle Eastern countries has not been accomplished, and those that do have good relations with the West often suffer attacks inside their borders from terrorist organizations. This is true of Saudi Arabia, who Osama bin Laden feels has turned its support to the West and so has become a nation of infidels. Many experts recommend a change in U.S. foreign policy to gain more support from Arab nations and their populations, rather than driving them away with actions such as the invasion of Iraq, which has resulted in animosity toward the U.S. by many nations around the world, including the Middle East neighbor, Iran."
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Capital Punishment, 2002.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of capital punishment.
1,692 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the hot topic of capital punishment. According to the paper, the death penalty is authorized by thirty-eight states, the Federal Government, and the U.S. Military. This paper explores mixed feelings exist regarding capital punishment and concludes that disagreements on appropriate levels of punishment are the real drivers for controversy.
Outline:
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Opposition to the Death Penalty
3.0 Why the Death Penalty Should Be Supported
4.0 Conclusion
From the Paper
"Even if capital punishment is unfairly applied, it should be fixed by making sure that rich and white prisoners get what they deserve, not by eliminating punishment for black and poor prisoners. Therefore, the best solution lies in making capital punishment mandatory for all capital cases. It could be argued that all laws are unfairly applied because of racial and economic biases. Certainly, no sane person would then argue that we should disband our entire legal system. The more reasonable approach is to make sure that laws are applied equally to all citizens."
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Homeland Security, 2007.
An analysis of the role of homeland security in the United States during Hurricane Katrina.
2,271 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses homeland security in the United States. It particularly discusses the impact of the signing of the Homeland Security Act in 2002, especially focusing on its role following Hurricane Katrina. The paper criticizes the slow response from homeland security and especially FEMA with regards to Hurricane Katrina. It then suggests possible solutions for avoiding such future tragedies.
From the Paper
"Finally, the most important aspect of the post Katrina analysis is the role FEMA was supposed to play in organizing and coordinating the relief operations. Generally speaking, people tend to search for the guilt inside the authority chain and to consider them responsible for every major negative event. However, in this particular case, FEMA had been especially designed for emergency cases such as Katrina; it may be that no one could have been aware of the magnitude of the disaster to come, but the slow response from this specialized agency is yet to find an excuse. The 2006 report analyzing its activities during the hurricane pointed out that the agency had "lacked clear leadership between FEMA headquarters and the disaster sites, had operated under outdated or inadequate response plans, had needed better-trained or more experienced employees, and was unable to get a clear picture of emergencies as they unfolded." (Associated Press, 2006) Therefore, the blame fell on the authorities, but, even so, little can be done today to bring back what was destroyed in the floods."
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The Death Penalty, 2007.
This paper argues against the constitutionality of the death penalty in the United States.
2,505 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the history of the administration of the death penalty in the United States. The paper contends that it is fraught with racism and only in rare instances has anyone other than a poor person been executed. The paper also argues that there is no evidence that the death penalty deters crime, yet, support for the death penalty in the United States remains strong. The paper shows how, nevertheless, over the last few decades, Supreme Court rulings have consistently demonstrated a slow move toward abolition of the death penalty.
From the Paper
"Ironically, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the new states that made up the American Republic were among the first jurisdictions in the world to limit the use of the death penalty and to substitute imprisonment for execution (Cottrol 2004). James Madison disapproved of the death penalty, and Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin favored limiting the death penalty to murder and treason, while the Quakers, who were very influential in the Middle Atlantic states, had a reticence concerning the death penalty (Cottrol 2004). In fact, after the Revolution, the Quakers were instrumental in strictly limiting the number of crimes punishable by death in Pennsylvania, thus only murder and treason survived as capital crimes (Cottrol 2004). The main exceptions were the slave states that kept a longer list of capital crimes for slaves and free Negroes, thereby demonstrating the lasting link between social inequality and the use of the death penalty (Cottrol 2004)."
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Model Disaster Plan for Airport, 2007.
A discussion of an airport disaster plan.
4,454 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a model disaster plan for a small regional airport. The paper explains why the Federal Aviation Authority is encouraging travelers to use regional airports and discusses how important it is for even small facilities to have practical and working disaster plans. The author points this out in light of the 9/11 terrorist attack. The role of various staff members of the airport is highlighted in the paper. The paper includes an appendix of airport safety procedures.
Outline:
Abstract
Statement of Problem
Disasters Included/Excluded from Consideration
Rationale for Included/Excluded Disasters
Personnel and Their Duties: Authority and Responsibility
Personnel Internal and Response Team
Interfaces to Persons both Internal and External to Your Operation
Response Plan and Procedures
Scenario of Events
Fire/Chemical/ Biohazard Threat or Spill
Weather or Natural Disaster Concerns
Regional Power Failure
Earthquake
Tornado
On-site Medical Emergency
In-Flight Emergencies
Terrorist Activity/Security Violations
Requirements for Response Team Activities
Communication and Documentation
References to Supporting Literature
Appendix 1 (recommendations of pre-flight responsibilities including legal and suggested by Willamette Aviation)
Pilot Responsibilities Checklist/ Violation of which will require review and potential suspension of flight privileges:
From the Paper
"Disasters that are likely to occur include natural disasters such as regional, onsite or aircraft fires and or collisions, power failure, individual medical emergencies (including one or more people) floods, earthquakes, heavy winds and biochemical and or chemical hazards, such as spills are included as well as those that must be accounted for but are less likely to occur such as hijacking, terrorist attack and or infiltration or intentional biochemical or chemical attacks either originating at this airport or as an attack on it."
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Scientific Innovation and Ethics, 2007.
Discussion of the fine line between scientific research and ethics.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explores controversial scientific research and the ethical questions it often raises. The paper itself is a brief discussion of the moral considerations some feel are raised by computer-assisted research. The author proposes that controversial research should not be stopped, but rather supervised by an expert, especially when the research has the capability of improving life. The author concludes, however, that finding an expert supervisor, whose opinions would be respected by opposing sides, would be the ultimate challenge.
From the Paper
" An even better question would be why stop this research in the first place? One of the reasons why curtailing this type of research should be done would be if it was against the law, short-sighted that said law would be, or not. In an effort to stop ongoing research in this field of study from getting to "out of hand", laws banning this type of research may be created and then implemented. The result(s) of such a law, or laws, would be to force the doctor(s) conducting the research to go overseas to conduct the research where such laws would not be in effect."
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Gay Marriage, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of gay marriage.
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses gay marriage, a topic of passionate debate that continues to be a matter of great contention. According to the paper, same-sex couples feel they deserve the same legal privileges as heterosexual couples, while many religious conservatives believe that such unions are sinful, and legal critics believe that such legislation will open a Pandora's box.
From the Paper
"For many among the religious communities, such as Reverend David Rosenberry of Christ Church, the Bible specifically defines marriage as a role between a man and a woman, and the subject is not open for a debate or discussion (Conan). Rosenberry believes that the term 'same-sex marriage' is actually an oxymoron, "because physiologically, it doesn't fit...marriage is a union, a literal union between a man and a woman, made to go together, designed to go together...a same-sex marriage is some kind of innovation, so by definition, it can't be a marriage" (Conan)."
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Global Warming, 2007.
An analysis of the consequences of global warming and of large countries not participating in the Kyoto Protocol.
818 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses global warming. It begins by looking at the results of global warming and then discusses some of the consequences of it. It looks at the glacial system, health impacts and UV-B radiation. The paper then discusses the Kyoto Protocol and the countries that have decided not to participate. The paper describes the consequences of large countries not participating in the Kyoto Protocol.
From the Paper
"Although a total of 166 countires have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the countries that would have the most impact have not participated. The United States, currently the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has refused to sign the agreement because it states that exemptions to developing countries such as China and India are unfair. Instead, the United States is sticking to its "strategy" announced way back in early 2001 to, "reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the American economy by 18 percent over the 10-year period from 2002 to 2012. Unregulated emissions from exempted countries under the Kyoto Protocol are getting progressively worse. The International Energy Agency has just released a report in late 2006 revealing that China will surpass the United States in 2009, a decade ahead of previous predictions, as the largest emitter of the main gases linked to global warming. In fact, unregulated emissions from China, India and other developing countries are predicted to account for most of the global increase in carbon dioxide emissions over the next 25 years."
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Negotiating with Terrorists, 2007.
The paper discusses whether it is possible to negotiate or reason with terrorists.
1,331 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the issue of negotiation with terrorists and how this can affect America's policy regarding the war on terror. The paper examines the issue and shows how diplomacy can do little to protect the nation from future attacks on the scale of September 11th. The paper discusses how this realization dictates that America must communicate with terrorists in the only language they understand; violence. The paper points out that terrorist negotiation can only happen when the terrorists themselves have transformed to a more stable and rational state of mind.
From the Paper
"President Bush's position on negotiating with terrorism is quite clear. "No nation can negotiate with terrorists. For there is no way to make peace with those whose only goal is death" (qtd. "Negotiating with Terrorists"). Despite the stumbling blocks that have been encountered in America's war on terror, this sentiment is still true. Negotiation must be based on rational conversation. All parties involved must be committed to finding a solution that provides a best-case scenario, not just for themselves, but for all involved. Radical zealots about a cause that refuse to even consider the other sides of an issue cannot be a participatory part of rational negotiations. They have based their entire campaign for the promotion of their cause on inflicting violence and terror on innocent citizens, most often it is only through force that they understand the consequences of their actions."
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American Involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan, 2007.
A discussion of America's current role in Iraq and Afghanistan.
2,335 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper gives a general account of America's involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan, focusing on the goals and dangers of a US presence in these nations. The author gives a background to the ethnic and religious conflict in Iraq, then describes the current conditions and government structure in Afghanistan. The author emphasizes that Afghanistan's extreme Islamic rule makes it difficult for the US to expect to normalize relations with this troubled nation. It is further stated that Democracy and human rights in Afghanistan, according to the Western concept and understanding, might not be feasible or possible in the short term. The author concludes that the primary purpose of an American presence in Afghanistan is the destruction of al Qaeda.
From the Paper
"Anti-American violence has been increasing (Yaphe 2004). The imminent civil war is not likely to be between the Sunnis and the Shi'a, or between the Arabs and the Kurds. The clashes in many parts of the country were clearly a series of planned and coordinated attacks on US forces and civilians working on the reconstruction plan. The civil war is seen as likelier between religious extremists Sunni and Shi'a. Iraq is made up of 60% Shi'a Arab, 20% Sunni Arab and 20% Kurd. Sunni and Shi'a Arabs stand for Iraqi nationalism and want to maintain the country's political and territorial integrity according to the 1920 San Remo Treaty and the 1932 Treaty of Independence. And the Iraqi Kurds want to be part of Iraq only at the moment and their reluctance towards permanent status is a clear impediment to constitutional and territorial concessions. The second condition, which must be handled, surrounds the fate of transitional governance. Its nature, selection, and who would serve the cabinet posts were the points of dispute between the Coalition Provisional Authority and the Iraqis. The Governing Council apparently preempted UN-US efforts to form the new interim government by choosing a new president, two deputy presidents and a prime minister. Elections would not ensure perfect democratic governance or a pro-American government, but should reflect the consensus of the majority of the Iraqi people. What it took Britain to achieve a truly representative government after 900 years and the United States more than 225 years and a civil war has been made the goal for the Iraqis in only a year. And the third condition brings out the Governing Council's lack of legitimacy and the still undefined nature of political institutions. These issues cannot be resolved soon. The US needs to pass on real and transparent decision-making power on to the Iraqis (Yaphe)."
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Disaster Evacuation Plans, 2007.
An outline of evacuation plans for various sorts of disasters.
1,062 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights the necessity of a well-organized evacuation plan in the case of natural or other sorts of disasters. Mass evacuations and the different situations in which they are necessary are described. The author stresses the importance of proper information dissemination during evacuation and sheltering the evacuees. The paper concludes with warnings about looting during emergencies and the need for appropriate law enforcement.
Outline:
Introduction
Evacuation Procedures
Reference List
From the Paper
" Mass evacuation normally happens when a major threat to a certain community, building or anyplace were majority of the people therein are at risk. There are different types of mass evacuation namely pre-event evacuation, post-event evacuation, voluntary evacuation and mandatory evacuation. A pre-event evacuation occurs 'when the level of risk is uncertain while post-evacuation occurs if it has been assessed that the situation has been contained. On the other hand, voluntary evacuation happens when the people themselves choose to move out of their place, with or without instructions from the outsiders. A mandatory evacuation occurs when a lead agency imposes the people to leave the area (Mass Evacuation, 2006). "
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Americans of African and Asian Decent, 2007.
A comparison and contrast of the immigrant experiences of African-Americans and Asian-Americans.
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights the commonalities and differences in the immigration and integration process of African and Asian-Americans. The focus is on the hardships endured by both groups. The author points out how both groups endured difficult voyages to reach America, although the Chinese paid a fee to come while the blacks were brought against their will. Also illustrated is the racism both groups endured upon their arrival to America, which often included violence. The author concludes that although both groups have gained freedom and rights in modern America, they still face prejudice and racism in various parts of their lives.
From the Paper
"Asian Americans and African Americans both had to immigrate to the United States, they were not native to the area. African Americans were some of the first immigrants to arrive; most of them were initially brought here against their will to serve as slaves in both the North and South of the eastern United States. There are records of slaves and free blacks living in the U.S. in the 1700s and by the early1800s, there were thousands of blacks working as slaves on the great plantations of the South."
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