| Papers [301-315] of 4291 :: [Page 21 of 287] | | Go to page : <— 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 —> | |
|
|
Religion as a Determinant in Fertility, 2007.
A look at how religion affects birth and fertility in married or paired women throughout the world, with a focus on Austria, India and Canada.
4,777 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 122.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper proposes a study with the hypothesis that religion accounts for, in large part, the number of children born to a woman. It looks at how most studies have found that women's fertility rate is determined by religion and other variants, sometimes equally, such as cultural, socioeconomic, age at time of birth, education, income and urban or rural position.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Socioeconomic Factors on Fertility Rate, Compared to Religion
Religion as a Factor in Fertility Rates Among Hindus and Muslims
Rural and Urban Effects on Fertility
Fertility Decisions and Desires in Bangladesh
Effect of Religion through Fertility Norms and Possibility of Dissolution
The Relationship Between Religion And Fertility: Evidence From Austria
The Religious Denomination Factor in Fertility in Canada
Results of the Multivariate Analysis
Discussion
Summary and Suggestions
Hypothesis
Data
Analysis of the Data
Discussion
Summary and suggestions
From the Paper
"After economic standing, a study by Lutz attempts to account for the effects of culture and religion on fertility rates. This study tries to assess the effects of culture and religion on fertility after accounting for a country's socioeconomic standing. Estimates for covariance models are analyzed for 128 countries between 1950 and 1975. The gross reproduction rate is the dependent variable and independent variables are infant mortality rates, aggregate standing of female education and gross domestic product per person. Categorical variables for religion and cultural region are taken into account as well. Surprisingly, even though socioeconomic standing is higher, European countries have lower fertility rates than Arab countries. Culture and religion have a measurable effect on fertility and in Arab countries it is positive. "
| |
|
Ethics Behind Stem Cell Research, 2007.
A review of the history of stem cell research, and a discussion regarding the ethical implications of this controversial topic.
1,588 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses stem cell research. The paper provides a brief background of the history of stem cell research and goes on to discuss how oocytes, originally obtained specifically for human embryonic stem cell research and not for reproductive or medical purposes, create an object of ethics research. The paper reports that the National Research Council-Institute of Medicine in the United States has set guidelines that are exemplary.
From the Paper
"Stem cell research dependant upon somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) presents risks for donors and so the women donor's welfare is a concern, but in actuality, the risks faced by these healthy women are equal to the risks other clinical research subjects face. If other research were to be scrutinized as much as these are and are to be found acceptable, then stem cell research donors should be able to fulfill the same scrutiny and find equal footing. The concerns of inducing service and recruiting where women are vulnerable, as well as reimbursing donors sufficiently should be considered, controlled, and informed consent be guaranteed. (Mertes 629)."
| |
|
The CIA and FBI Conflict, 2007.
This paper examines the competing interests of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI).
2,514 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper relates that the bombings of the World Trade Towers brought the conflict between the FBI and CIA to the surface. The paper looks at the two government agencies associated with gathering intelligence on activities that might threaten US lives and interests. The paper examines the conflict between the two agencies in terms of how it effects the current and future situation of the war on terrorism. The paper shows how the two agencies are set up for two entirely different purposes, but maintains that they must still be able to communicate and talk civilly together.
Outline:
Different Worlds: Cultural Effects
Defining New Roles: Gender Effects
Technological Barriers
Prospective and Trans-active goals
Lens Model of Conflict
From the Paper
"The differences between the CIA and FBI stem from their original set up at their inception. They were initially set up for different functions, and only recently has the need to work closely stood in their way to perform their individual jobs. The key to the problem is communication between the two groups. One must delve into the origins of the two groups to understand these differences fully."
"The Central Intelligence Agency began in 1947 as a completely separate entity from the FBI. Interactions between the two groups have even been hostile at times (Gorman, 2007). Both groups share the goal of protecting the United States from hostile attacks, but they each had their own way of handling situations and developed a type of territorial attitude in order to avoid stepping on one another's efforts (Gorman, 2007). This attitude made it difficult for them to work as a team."
| |
|
Correctional Officers and the Death Penalty, 2007.
An argument in favor of capital punishment against criminals who murder correctional officers in prison.
1,139 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper presents arguments regarding the morality and legality of the death penalty and argues briefly for its continued presence within the fabric of the contemporary United States justice system. The paper examines the enforcement of the death penalty in the different states and reasons for its use. The paper demonstrates the importance of maintaining the deterrence of correctional officers who face the risk of murder from incarcerated inmates.
Outline:
Overview
The Death Penalty in the United States
Reasons for the Death Penalty
Why Correctional Officers in Prison are Analogous to Police Officers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The U.S. Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment. What constitutes cruel and unusual punishment is a subjective idea, and has evolved over the course of world and American history, both legally and in terms of public opinion. The appropriateness of punishment is something that evolves in dialogue with the law courts of the land and also in terms of what people believe is fair punishment. At present, the U.S. Supreme Court has affirmed the constitutionality of the death penalty, provided that it is enforced in a fair and equitable manner, and the majority of the United States citizenry has supports the death penalty. Support is growing, rather than sinking. "Support reached an all-time low of 42% in 1966. Throughout the 70s and 80s, the percentage of Americans in favor of the death penalty increased steadily, culminating in an 80% approval rating in 1994"."
| |
|
Canadian Immigration Issues, 2007.
This paper discusses Canada's immigration policy shift in the 1960s.
1,503 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper looks at Canada's controversial race-based immigration policies before 1960. The paper presents a literature review on this topic. The paper then reviews Canada's revamped immigration policies that were launched in the 1960s and 1970s.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Canada's Multicultural Policy
From the Paper
"In the article, "A hundred years of immigration to Canada 1900-1999," published by the Canadian Council for Refugees' (CCR) on their informative Web site (www.web.net/~ccr/history.html), the history of immigration into Canada is presented in great detail. In 1900, for example, 41,681 immigrants "were admitted to Canada... [and most of them who were] farmers.." from northern Europe, the U.S. or Britain, because Clifford Sifton (Minister of Interior) believed that "...a stalwart peasant in a sheepskin coat, born to the soil...with a stout wife and a half dozen children, is good quality." While those Caucasian immigrants were welcomed into Canada, the immigration of Black Americans "was actively discouraged, often on the grounds that they were unsuitable for the climate," the CCR site reported."
| |
|
The Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO), 2007.
This paper discusses the contributions of the non-commissioned officer (NCO) to the United States Army.
1,407 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains how the role of the non-commissioned officer (NCO) began in 1775 with the birth of the Continental Army and has continued to evolve ever since. The paper discusses the contributions of NCOs during the Civil War and in the First and Second World War. The paper relates that today in Iraq and in other parts of the world, NCOs play a vital role in the growing technological complexity of the Army.
From the Paper
"The role of the non-commissioned officer (NCO) was integrated into the history of the United States since its first days and has continued to evolve ever since. It began in 1775 with the birth of the Continental Army. Similar to the American Army, it blended the different aspects of European and Prussian traditions into a unique American institution. After the publication of the specific responsibilities in the 1779 Blue Book, the NCO educational system grew significantly, combining history and tradition with expertise and ability to prepare for changing combat situations."
| |
|
The Right to Die, 2007.
This paper discusses why patients should be able to control when and how they die.
1,136 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that older Americans with chronic illness are increasingly demanding the right to control what happens to them during their last few months of life, but they have no right to do so because the practice of euthanasia is illegal in America. As a result, the writer maintains that they are robbed of their dignity during their final days as unspeakable pain renders them helpless. The writer notes that the medical community cannot adequately manage older Americans' pain. The writer points out that in most circumstances, the courts protect the patient's right to decide about medical treatment, but they draw the line with euthanasia. Unfortunately, there is a religious majority that wields great political pressure at the expense of the critically ill. The writer argues that this is a situation that needs to change.
Outline:
Introduction
Why Patients Should Be Able to Control When and How They Die
It is Immoral to Subject Dying Patients to Unnecessary Pain and Suffering
The Medical Community Can Not Adequately Address Pain Management
Personal and Religious Beliefs of a Few Should Not Impede an Individual's Right to Decide How They Die
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Older Americans with chronic illness are increasingly demanding the right to control what happens to them during this time with many wanting euthanasia, physician assisted suicide, as an option. Data from the American Psychological Associate verify the tremendous pain endured by the terminally ill while the National Institutes of Health acknowledge that this pain is often impossible to manage. Even so, most Americans do not have the ability to determine their own destiny; they have to endure needless pain and suffering because of the influence of the personal and religious beliefs of others that it is somehow more humane to let people suffer than it is to end their pain and suffering."
| |
|
The Right to Bear Arms, 2007.
This paper claims that the right to bear arms is a constitutionally protected right.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses the controversy surrounding the interpretation of the Second Amendment's provision regarding the right to keep and bear arms. The paper explains how some posit that this refers to the people's collective right as a members of a well-regulated state militia, while others claim it refers to each individual's rights. This paper argues that the Second Amendment was designed not only to protect the militias; it was also intended to protect an individual's right to own and bear arms.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical Background
Constitutional Interpretation
"The Right of the People"
"To Keep and Bear Arms"
"A Well Regulated Militia, being Necessary to the Security of a Free State"
Challenges to the Second Amendment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Today, the interpretation of the Second Amendment has polarized the American people among two different views (Greenslade, 2004). Those opposed to private ownership of firearms argue that there is no individual right to keep and bear arms because the Second Amendment refers to the people's collective right as a members of a well-regulated State militia. In contrast, the individual rights view holds that individuals may bring claims or raise challenges based on a violation of their rights under the Second Amendment just as they do to vindicate individual rights secured by other provisions of the Bill of Rights. This view appears to be the most valid after placing the Second Amendment in appropriate historical and Constitutional context."
| |
|
Affirmative Action, 2007.
An argument against the use of affirmative action in the workplace.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper relates that affirmative action was originally conceived to redress discrimination and to foster harmony and integration. This was to be achieved through active efforts to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women. The paper strongly contends, however, that affirmative action has proven ineffective in businesses due to its discriminatory affects on hiring practices, its compromise of minority achievement and its perpetuation of racism. The paper asserts that affirmative action should be replaced with a rule to always hire and promote the most qualified candidates.
From the Paper
"Giving special preference to people of a particular race or gender is unconstitutional and discriminatory. Yet, affirmative action takes into account these very factors, posing risks for businesses who engage in these practices even though they are legal within certain vague boundaries. To avoid possible constitutional violations, businesses must both prove that there is an important need to use a discriminatory factor such as race or sex in the job selection or promotion process and they must also show that there is no other way than the use of racial or gender preferences to achieve the same objective."
| |
|
Juvenile Death Penalty, 2007.
An analysis of the history of the death penalty for juvenile offenders.
731 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the possibility of enforcing a juvenile death penalty for youth that have committed serious violent crimes. The paper discusses the history of the death penalty for underage offenders and the change in the laws in the United States with regard to its implementation. The paper also discusses the aims of juvenile justice and how the death penalty does or does not further these aims.
From the Paper
"Regardless of the source of the ethical view there are rising tides that express the evolving attitude that the death penalty, in any case is not a deterrent and is ethically wrong, regardless of the crime or the circumstances of it. The ethical implications of this ruling clearly create issues surrounding age of consent, as the determining factor of the decision, if an individual is not of the age to consent to vote, join the military, or even buy alcohol, cigarettes or even a lottery ticket in most states they should therefore not be of the age to consent to an understanding of or a level of legal responsibility for their violent actions."
| |
|
Same-Sex Marriage, 2007.
A look at the impact of same-sex marriages on family values.
3,251 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss and analyze the topic of same-sex marriage. Specifically, it discusses if same-sex marriage is a threat to family and national values. The paper also looks at who feels threatened and why they feel this way. It contends that same-sex marriages should be available for gay and lesbian couples and that they should be able to celebrate their commitment and enjoy the benefits of marriage.
From the Paper
"Many Americans tend to look back at the 1950s as the epitome of happily married life, with the perfectly dressed mother seeing the husband off to work, the children off to school, and happily managing the home, waiting only for their return. However, the 1940s and 50s had their share of problems, as well. Author Coontz states, "By 1946 one in every three marriages was ending in divorce. Even couples who stayed together went through rough times, as an acute housing shortage forced families to double up with relatives or friends. Tempers frayed and generational relations grew strained" (Coontz, 1997, p. 35). Nevertheless, most people were married in the 1950s, 86 percent of 1950s children grew up in two-parent households, and 90 percent of all households were families (Coontz, 1997, p. 37). Thus, marriage played a large role in society, and the unmarried were certainly the minority. "
| |
|
Bilingual Education, 2007.
This paper argues in favor of bilingual education.
3,740 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 103.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper relates that English-only instruction for limited English proficiency (LEP) students does not provide the same quality education as for native speakers. The author points out that refusing a non-native English learner schooling in his or her native language, especially at the beginning stages of his or her education, is a denial of the basic human right of freedom and opportunity to pursue one's goals. The paper asserts that, rather than investigating the claims made by anti-bilingualist politicians and officials, people tend to be motivated by their emotions and political hysteria to take a position that is not only unfair towards the children involved but also towards the future of the country itself.
Table of Contents:
Bilingual Education: Background and History
Bilingual Education: Opponents
Conclusion and Considerations for the Future
From the Paper
"Currently, the United States is going through a difficult political period. Emotions are running high not only in terms of the war on terrorism, but also in terms of the concomitant issue of culture and language. Whereas German was the maligned language and culture during the World Wars, currently Arabs are at the receiving end of racial slurs and attacks. Because of this, Americans are also subject to a particularly patriotic feeling, which translates itself to the language issue. Hence the drive to phase out bilingual education is politically rather than linguistically motivated."
| |
|
International Terrorism, 2007.
This paper examines what international terrorism is and its manifestations throughout the years.
3,024 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper offers a definition of terrorism and explains that international terrorism is intended to be on a broader scale, with largely recognized targets so as to capture the attention of the world community. The paper brings September 11, 2001 as a vivid example. The paper discusses how international terrorism has grown with modern communication and technology. The paper looks at terrorism in the late 1960s, in South America, in Vietnam and in the 1970s. The paper concludes by explaining how international terrorism is distinguished by three distinctive characteristics.
Outline:
Introduction
The Late 1960s
South America
Vietnam
The Cold War Era of the United States and Russia
The 1970s
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Acts of international terrorism can be traced as far back as 1931, with the first documented hijacking of an airline passenger jet in Peru. However, depending upon how you define "international terrorism," international terrorism might be traced even further back, during the Christian crusades in the Holy Land. There was, too, the French Revolution, which was preceded by acts of violence committed by covert agents of change. The American Revolution was effectuated in large part by covert agents acting against British law and authority and perpetrating acts of violence against the British soldiers."
| |
|
"Bush at War", 2007.
This paper examines Bob Woodward's book, "Bush at War", which presents a description of the first 100 days in the Bush White House following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
1,797 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 57.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses how "Bush at War" develops a portrait of the inner workings of the Bush administration, but stresses that the book cannot be accepted at face value and must be interpreted as one side of the story. The paper looks at how Woodward shows there was no easily-identifiable strategy hit upon by the administration; they were forced to develop their own way of interpreting the terrorist attacks and terrorism in general. The paper discusses how the administration then attempted to shape this entity into one that could be attacked with conventional weaponry, tactics and military force.
From the Paper
"Bob Woodward's book Bush at War, just like any piece of journalism, needs to be regarded with a certain level of skepticism. Primarily, this skepticism must be directed toward the sources utilized to create this unique account of the first 100 days following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Of course, Woodward uses the president and his top advisors as the primary sources, since they stand as the only individuals present during the important decision-making process of the war in Afghanistan. Official minutes of their meetings are also utilized. So, although these were the only legitimate sources available, it should not be anticipated that they would provide a particularly balanced portrait of the president or his administration."
| |
|
Racial Profiling, 2007.
An analysis of the motivation behind the use of racial profiling in law enforcement and the problems associated with it.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes and attempts to understand the rhetoric behind racial profiling by law enforcement officials. It aims to carefully scrutinize the fundamental assumptions made by law enforcement in using race as a factor for assessing criminal activity and risk. The paper then discusses the problems associated with using racial profiling and how these problems should be addressed and how policies should be changed.
From the Paper
"However, solving the problem of discrimination within law enforcement is an unenviable task. Discrimination exists at the deepest levels of human consciousness, and oftentimes only manifests itself subconsciously. Few if any officers are truly willing to confess to preconceived prejudices simply because of the negative stigma associated with such a claim. The problem has become exacerbated by the wave of intolerance towards expressing and open discussion of racial tendencies within crime. New Jersey state police superintendent Carl Williams for instance was fired for his remarks on racial crime. He explained in an interview that "certain crimes are associated with certain ethnic groups, and it is naive to think that race is not an issue in policing" (HARRIS). Without a viable channel to funnel such visions to others, the sad truth is that few law enforcement professionals would be willing to openly discuss the issues associated with racial profiling in police stops. The problem is endemic and deeply rooted, but it is also one that cannot be openly discussed with social stigma."
|
|
|
