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"A Streetcar Named Desire", 2008.
A comparison of patriarchal behaviors in the historical period after World War II with those in modern times, as portrayed within the play, "A Streetcar Named Desire," by Tennessee Williams.
806 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the sexism of patriarchal behaviors that were present in the historical period after World War II. It then compares this how they have changed in modern times, as portrayed within the play, "A Streetcar Named Desire," written by Tennessee Williams. The paper analyzes the roles of both men and women in the play in order to examine patriarchal dominance.
From the Paper
"A modern woman in the feminist perspective would certainly be offended at Stanley's 'lordly' patriarchal values, which would have the woman only be a servant to his domestic needs. The contrast in this scene with modernity in the roles between men and women would be defined through a feminist construct, enabling women to defy commands and overtly sexist demands that Stanley makes to Stella. In this manner, Stanley becomes the patriarchal figure that would not be tolerated in the 21st century, but within the context of the post World War II era, he is able to incite sexism and machismo in the cultural context of the returning soldiers and their behaviors toward women as objects for their servitude in the home. In this manner, the greatly contrasting choices that feminism brought in the 1970s until modern times has changed the way that women react toward sexist men, providing them with a choice to follow or reject these patriarchal behaviors that Stanley epitomizes in the play."
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Women in "Cagney and Lacey", 2008.
A critical analysis of Julie D'Acci's article "Defining Women: The Case of Cagney and Lacey" that attempts to define women in CBS's hit series from the 1980s, "Cagney and Lacey".
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that Julie D'Acci's article "Defining Women: The Case of Cagney and Lacey" successfully employs testimony from individuals to illustrate the clash between portraying women in the feminist light and broader social and/or political limitations. The paper highlights the weaknesses of D'Acci's article and concludes that while her general argument is a strong, worthy one, she does not offer a truly balanced perspective.
From the Paper
"To begin with, Julie D'Acci writes that the 1980s was the decade in which the "working woman" rose to prominence. "Cagney and Lacey" was one of the television series from this decade intended to reach out to that affluent new audience, and D'Acci argues that the show was meant to not only reach out to a new consumer demographic, but to also show women in a new light - a light created by the rise to prominence of the modern woman's movement. Unfortunately, D'Acci proceeds to point out that the initial promise of "Cagney and Lacey" went unfulfilled insofar as the show had to temper its message in the face of a broad-based backlash against the feminist movement."
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Child Custody, Women and the Law, 2008.
This paper explores the issues of child custody, the principles of best interests of the child and of the primary caregiver and how women's rights are viewed in terms of international law.
2,533 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that issues of custody, childcare, social responsibility, as well as the structuring of the family and economic relationships all have to be addressed within one context. The paper then argues that the legal and judicial system, both at the local and international level, regularly fails to acknowledge the context and uses approaches based on misguided assumptions. The paper further asserts that principles such as best interests of the child and primary caregiver often function in the interests of the male partner and to the detriment of both the woman and her child. The paper concludes that although feminists are advocating for legislative change at the provincial, national and international levels, it will take time before positive outcomes will be achieved.
From the Paper
"The principle of the best interests of the child has served to guide the law of custody. In order to implement the principle of the best interests of the child, considerations of custodial arrangements are inadequate; what must be regarded as the priority is the quality of the child's life which will be the result of the custody award (Rogerson, 1988). Gender is significant because of economics and the fact that women as custodial parents have a vastly different financial potential than men. Rogerson charges that current family law is unequipped to address the economic issues after marriage breakdown. Crossman and Ryder (2001), for instance, maintain that the legal system needs to avoid assumptions associated with relationship status and focus on the economic and emotional interdependence between the two partners."
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Canadian Gender History, 2008.
This paper discusses Canadian gender history, focusing on masculinity before and after World War II.
2,050 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines how notions of masculinity in Canada have changed perceptibly over time. As a line of demarcation, the paper looks at how masculinity was perceived in the pre-World War II period, and the notions of masculinity that have emerged from 1946 onward - if only gradually. In so doing, the paper reviews traditional (pre-1939) notions about men being only worthy of the title of a man if they were willing combatants and providers, as well as how men today are now expected (and encouraged) to also be nurturers and care-givers. The writer presents a general idea that men are being pressured into becoming more feminine in their world-view even if Canadian society (at least in the matter of men as nurses) still harbors some sexual stereotypes that instinctively rebel at the thought of men fulfilling certain tasks.
From the Paper
"Reviewing the Canada that existed before the advent of World War II, the idea that men should stand and fight - whether for principle, for honor, or for love - was not one dismissed lightly. Without question, it was expected of a man that he would not lightly take an insult or slur cast his way. For instance, tavern fights were quite common in nineteenth century Canada and the masculine code of the era dictated that a man who backed down from a challenge was, for all intents and purposes, relieving himself of some of his manhood. What would be interesting to find out - although this writer had difficulty finding appropriate scholarly sources - is whether the average term of imprisonment for assault and battery offenses was higher in the pre-World War II era than it was, and is, in the post-World War II epoch. The reason why this is a significant matter deserving of further exploration is because new information might offer fascinating insight into how the judicial elites of the age (and all of those residing within the Canada of the time who wielded socio-political power) tacitly encouraged - or at least did not actively discourage - male violence. More than that, it would be especially interesting to find out how cases of violence that involved the "upper-crust" were treated relative to instances of violence that involved only the "plebeians" of early Canadian society."
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Organizing Unorganized Workers, 2008.
This paper addresses the issues facing labour unions in Canada today.
1,448 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of unions maintaining their efficacy by focusing their energy and resources on organizing the unorganized. The paper highlights, however, the many factors that hinder unionization in Canada. The paper specifically describes the major barriers to the increased unionization of women.
From the Paper
"Without sufficient members, labour unions lose their power and efficacy, in that they lack the requisite strength in numbers for leverage against the employer, and thus cannot negotiate benefits for their members. It is therefore important that union membership remains at least constant. However, as the work force is usually growing, retaining the same percentage of union members requires ongoing recruitment. The problem is that so far from growing, union membership is actually dropping in many industrialized countries, largely due to major changes on the work front. For example, jobs are declining in the manufacturing industries (traditionally a good place for union recruitment) and are growing in the private service sectors (a place where recruitment is difficult, due to factors such as small company size, and a preponderance of part time, casual or contract work)."
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Caribbean Mothers and Stereotyping in Canada, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of Caribbean women as single parents, focusing on political correctness and stereotyping in Canada.
3,175 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the conservatism of stereotyping Canadian- Caribbean women who are single parents. The writer notes that this can be done frequently by 'concerned' politically correct scholars and activists to assert they are attacking unwanted attitudes regarding 'women of colour' or 'Jamaican single mothers'. The writer expresses some of what is noticeable in educated circles in central Canada referring to single mothers of Caribbean backgrounds, in quite negative, distorting stereotypes that often miss practical or philosophical realities, notably those of religion and orientations other than the material. This paper's topic reinforces a simple reality that one is influenced by mass media materials if one is not alert to their influence as a danger.
Outline:
Introduction
Racism and 'Oppression'
School Failure and Gangs
The Impact of Slavery Reexamined
Class Struggle and Consumerism
'Fieldwork' - Speaking with People
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The rest of the article refers to women of Caribbean origin having children when young, leaving school, living thereafter on social assistance or menial jobs. A stereotype of single mothers of Caribbean heritage in hopeless situations is now usual in a construction irritating single mothers who are achievers and sometimes excellent parents, able to provide constructive homes for their children on modest incomes. A strong bias in Philp's article is one of poverty always meaning severe disadvantage in contrast with a practicality and sense of priority found in Caribbean cultures as developed in ex-colonies of very limited resources till quite recently. Single mothers can be strongly aware of what is needed in life, and as stressed elsewhere in this paper, how to maintain their family's dignity, poverty not shameful when approached soundly, aware of how much worse off others are, trying one's best, valuing kin and conducting oneself well with others.
"Many contemporary Caribbean single mothers have had good role models in women raising children by themselves in more than one country."
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Chaucer, Shakespeare and Gender Roles, 2008.
A comparison of the portrayal of sexual and gender roles in Geoffrey Chaucer's "Wife of Bath's Tale" and William Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night".
1,540 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper compares how Geoffrey Chaucer in "Wife of Bath's Tale" and William Shakespeare in "Twelfth Night" questioned, challenged or mocked contemporary views on gender roles and sexual stereotypes. The paper shows how, although there are differences, we can see a similar attitude in both works toward gender roles, sexual stereotyping and the treatment and portrayal of women.
From the Paper
""The Wife of Bath's Tale" is one of a series of stories in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. It was probably written shortly prior to his death in 1400. The Canterbury Tales is a "frame story," meaning that a series of narratives are tied together allowing each character to relate their own story (Alexander xvii). Chaucer's stories are the individual tales of a group of pilgrims traveling together to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury (Alexander xvi). "The Wife of Bath's Tale" is really the second for this character as it is preceded by "The Wife of Bath's Prologue" which is sort of an autobiography in which she describes her five marriages. The true order in which Chaucer placed each of the tales (other's including the Miller, the Pardoner, the Prioress and the Nun's Priest) is not known (Alexander xix). Chaucer was not only a writer, but had a long career as a public servant. During his life he traveled widely throughout Europe, no doubt the source of many of his story ideas and characters. It is possible that Chaucer never finished all of his intended tales, and that some of the book is autobiographical, with him playing the varied role of the host for his collection of characters."
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The Causes of Rape, 2008.
A review of the book "The Minds of Boys: Saving Our Sons from Falling Behind in School and Life." by Michael Gurian's and Kathy Stevens.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Michael Gurian's and Kathy Stevens' book on the causes of rape, "The Minds of Boys: Saving Our Sons from Falling Behind in School and Life." by Michael Gurian and Kathy Stevens." The paper discusses the excellent manner in which Michael Gurian and Kathy Stevens touch upon the need for parents to make the early years of a boy's life ones in which emotional intelligence and bonding capabilities are established. The paper then outlines how teachers (and society as a whole) must do a better job of recognizing the vulnerabilities of men and the challenges they face. The paper also looks at the contradictory "messages" that society transmits to young men and how they contribute to incidences of sexual violence. In conclusion, the paper shows that until the psychological, emotional and scholastic needs of boys are fully met by society, sexual violence will continue to be a frightening menace.
From the Paper
"The tension between men and women has grown substantially in recent decades as the initial fight for equality waged by feminists on behalf of all women gradually gave way to a "gender feminism" all-too-often typified by anti-male rhetoric and by a legislative agenda that privileged the needs of girls over boys. Not surprisingly, this anger and resentment has dramatically increased the prospects of an all-out "gender war" that will leave both sides as victims."
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Domestic Labor in the Global Economy, 2008.
This paper looks at domestic labor in the global economy and discusses whether such women are really "servants of globalization".
1,721 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that labor migration vis-a-vis female domestic labor is the temporary movement of women, predominantly, but not exclusively, from the third world, to another global region wherein they work as servants so as to accumulate capital that they then can return to their families back home in the form of remittances. Besides being a highly gendered phenomenon, some have argued that the aforementioned labor migration renders these women little more than the contemporary "servants of globalization." The writer argues that this both is, and is not, the case. Specifically, the writer maintains that while these women certainly do serve the interests of others and certainly do find themselves performing menial tasks, they do not necessarily face the same burdens as "servants" from previous ages; that is to say, there are legal protections in place for all workers in developed lands and the increased scrutiny now surrounding the phenomenon of third-world labor migration makes it less likely for these women to be taken advantage of. The writer concludes that while it is largely true that domestic laborers are the "servants of (twenty-first century) globalization," one must be careful to avoid associating their plight with the truly harrowing plight of previous generations of servants.
From the Paper
"In addition, while the global economy may make it easier for affluent individuals in the developed world to find cheap domestic labor abroad, the highly-integrated global economy also allows domestic laborers alternatives that might not have been available even a generation ago. To wit, if a domestic worker or care-giver is unsatisfied with the state of things in one part of the world, she can utilize the internet, liberalized rules (in most countries) vis-a-vis work visas and citizenship application, and the assistance of mass communication technology that allows for expeditious communication between global networks of similarly-situated workers, to find a position more in keeping with her desires.
"The idea of globalization serving domestic laborers by bringing them into contact with other, similarly-situated individuals through mass communication (even as it also isolates them from loved ones) deserves some further illustration."
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Sexual Harassment in the Workplace, 2008.
This paper discusses sexual harassment in the workplace, focusing on the Thomas-Hill controversy.
1,624 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that sexual harassment can be legally defined as sexual behavior that is viewed as intimidating, hostile or offensive in the workplace. The writer then relates that sexual harassment in the workplace was brought to the national stage by the Senate Judicial Committee during the Clarence Thomas hearings in 1991. The writer notes that no charges were ever made regarding the inappropriate behavior of Thomas in the workplace, but it was common knowledge that it was his behavior that put Anita Hill in the spotlight. The writer points out that there were so many allegations in the Thomas-Hill controversy that the issues of oppressed and oppressor were hardly recognizable. The controversy brought into the headlines important issues of race, equality and discrimination against all people. The writer concludes that sexual harassment was the key factor in recognizing how the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had been forgotten.
From the Paper
"Ultimately the question was not whether Anita Hill was telling the truth about being sexually harassed. The question became why the Senate confirmed a Federal Judge with only two years experience with no respect for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the people under his tutelage. Why was a Federal Judge nominated without investigation into his behavior with the people he worked closest with?
President George H.W. Bush nominated and sought help from conservatives to put Clarence Thomas on the Supreme Court as a replacement of Thurgood Marshall who was retiring after 24 years on the bench. The political climate in 1991 was far more conservative then it was in 1967 when President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court. The Bush presidency followed eight years of the Reagan Administration and the country was being directed towards a more conservative atmosphere."
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Gender and Foucault, 2008.
This paper discusses textual construction of gender differentiation in texts of Sigmund Freud, Nancy Chodorow and Michel Foucault.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the issue of gender differentiation is a highly contentious one. The writer points out that this involves not only questions of how the process occurs in humans, but also its political associations in terms of power relations between the sexes, and institutional power in western societies in general. In order to understand the significance of the textual construction of gender differentiation the writer maintains that it would be useful to consider Foucault's analysis of how the medical community has played a major role in exploring this issue. Foucault's analysis is important for he does not simply consider the debates over gender differentiation to involve simply questions of biology and psychology, or even gender relations between the sexes. Instead, the writer notes that Foucault asks that we consider the textual explorations themselves as instruments of power by which medical institutions and society define and control sexuality.
From the Paper
"This "debate" between Chodorow and Freud with regard to the differentiation of gender can thus be seen as a struggle for gender power in society as a whole. The capacity to define one or the other gender as a normative state of humanity is clearly an assertion of power. However, in a larger analysis, Foucault would suggest that we see both researchers as been fundamentally similar in that they both partake of an institutional approach to infantile sexuality in the medical and scientific community which has, as its ultimate purpose, the assertion of control and domination over children's sexuality through processes of surveillance and behaviour modification. These processes with regard to the development of gender differentiation, Foucault argues, can be seen in the rendering as "perverse" such gendered states as "homosexuality" in children. This is revealing of the instrumentality through which western societies have, for at least the past few centuries, applied significant efforts to the control of individuals through the control of sexuality and - in particular - the power to define sexuality according to the interests of institutional powers."
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Globalization Impact on Feminism, 2008.
This paper discusses the implications of the current paradigm shift that feminism is undergoing in response to the processes of globalization.
1,223 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the implications of globalization for feminism, including the "paradigm shift" that some scholars perceive feminism is undergoing in response to globalization. It also considers the kinds of issues to which feminist analysis is being challenged to pay attention. The writer notes that globalization has imposed new pressures on feminism, and feminism has responded by generating new types of feminism and new paradigms. The writer concludes with the hope that it is possible to construct a transnational feminism that is at the same time not hegemonic, one that respectfully incorporates and listens to the various discourses, yet somehow manages to build enough common ground to enable global feminists to work cohesively together.
From the Paper
"In like vein, Seyla Benhabib proposes building solidaristic communities in which we can acknowledge each other's diverse and multiple identities, while at the same time we can listen respectfully to each other, acknowledging the many strands that comprise our identities. In this way, there is hope of building up a respectful form of global feminist solidarity that can work to counter the most destructive forces of globalization. For example, there could be a site for a global community of feminists that oppose the depredations of the planet currently being unleashed by transnational corporations.
"Clearly, this new way of looking at feminism may be seen as a substantial paradigm shift."
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Bad Women, Spies and Vamps, 2008.
A proposal for an early cinema series for Cinematheque Ontario whose theme would appeal both to those interested in early cinema as well as those interested in gender issues and feminism.
2,387 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the author explains that, if asked to program an early cinema series for Cinematheque Ontario, the them she would choose for the program would be "Bad Women, Spies and Vamps: Female Gender Transgression in Early Cinema." The author then goes on to explain why she thinks this theme is appropriate for this cinema and then identifies a number of films to be screened in the program, as well as some issues and information that would be included in the pamphlets accompanying the films.
Outline:
Introduction
Bad Women and New Women: Traffic in Souls
She Spies, Shoots and Saves: Serial Queens of the Early Cinema
Pearl of the Army
The Perils of Pauline
The Early Cinema Femme Fatale: Les Vampires
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the interesting features of these films is that their narratives are often dominated by the dynamic tension between two figures: the Bad Woman and the New Woman. It should be recalled that this was a period when the traditional gender norms were under assault; most notably in the form of the Suffragette movement in the United States and Great Britain where women were protesting for the right to vote. As a result, there was a great deal of uncertainty as to what were the proper gender roles for women in this changing society. In this environment, reformers were at pains to distinguish between the New Woman - who was demanding unprecedented rights and privileges - and traditional Bad Woman who violated gender norms for different purposes. The issue of moral regulation was a central concern in this debate, as is illustrated in the words of one reformist text from 1913 .. "
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Korean History: A Comparison of Accounts, 2008.
This paper evaluates competing written accounts of the status of women in a specific period of Korean history.
2,209 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the perspective of four different authors on the era dating from approximately 892 until around 1592 on the Korean Peninsula, in order to highlight how biased historical explanation actually is. The paper examines a text published by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO in Seoul, Roger Tennant's book "A History of Korea," Martina Deuchler's "The Confucian Transformation of Korea: A Study of Society and Ideology" and Han Hee-sook's journal article "Women's Life during the Choson Dynasty". The paper concludes that Martina Deuchler's book offers the richest analysis and most persuasive historical account of the changing status of Korean women.
Outline:
Introduction
Broadly Comparing Historical Accounts
Complex Accounts of Korean women: Deuchler and Han
Chinyeong
Kyongguk Taejon
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However this project demands a much closer focus in order to be effective as an exercise in historical comparison. Therefore, we will look specifically at the issue of how and why the status of women changed in Korea from Silla times through to early Choson. This examination will not be a simple narrative of the social shifts that impacted the lives of Korean women during this time period. Rather, we will identify different explanations of why that change occurred, and consider different statements about which changes were the most important. It will become clear that various authors bring their own ideological agenda to the telling of history, and that the act of omission constitutes a major tool in shaping the events of the past."
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Artemisia Gentileschi's and Art History, 2008.
An examination of the contribution of Artemisia Gentileschi to art history, regardless of her gender.
2,764 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the intervention of the remarkable woman artist, Artemisia Gentileschi. The paper shows that it is impossible to separate her unique contribution to art, from her material conditions, including her gender. The paper argues at the same time that her intervention to art history must not be reduced to her gender, or overly sexualized, but appreciated for itself.
From the Paper
"It is suggested that this statement should stand as the conclusion to the above attempt to separate art as art in itself from the gendered, biographical and social reality of Artemisia's life. There can be no doubt that Artemisia made a substantial intervention in art history, not least of all by portraying women as active agents, not merely as objects to be watched. There can also be no doubt that it was remarkable that she managed to do this, given the fact that she was female in a society that did not provide to women the material conditions necessary for art to be produces. Moreover, judging from her oeuvre, there can be no doubt that the rape by Tassi had a profound influence on her work, and may in fact account for her status as a proto-feminist. Nevertheless, in assessing her intervention, we must always resist the temptation to reduce our assessment to nothing but a gender-based analysis. To do so would trivialize her by sexualizing her, and would not do justice to her achievements, and to her intervention in art history."
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