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Gender Bender, 2008.
This paper looks at whether there are scientifically proven differences between the brains of men and women.
1,149 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues that there really are scientifically provable differences between the brains of men and women. Specifically, the paper explores how the brains of men and women atrophy over time. The writer then looks at how men and women have different intellectual competencies - differences which, broadly stated, suggest that men are better in the realm of mathematics and mathematical logic while women are better in the realm of language arts and visual memory. Lastly, the writer notes that evidence provided by Doreen Kimura suggests that boys and girls differ in their levels of aggression because they really do have minds shaped by widely divergent hormones. The writer concludes that it is simply not smart to suggest that men and women are exactly the same.
From the Paper
"Simply put, the process by which the brain atrophies in men and women is quite pronounced, can be measured quantitatively, and suggests that men and women experience varying levels of mental acuity and efficacy at different points in their lives. As an addendum, this sort of thing clearly indicates that the differing behavior of men and women in, say, their middle to late 50s is not necessarily predicated upon sociological constructions but upon differential aging of the brain and the changes in behavior this creates.
"There are also cognitive differences between men and women that suggest different patterns of competencies - not necessarily, as ideologues on both sides of the gender debate might like to argue, different intellectual capacities. For instance, a host of studies conducted over many years proves that men perform better than women when it comes to spatial tasks such as those that involve object manipulation and/or envisioning an object moving through space."
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Gender and Crime, 2007.
An examination of why women are committing more crime.
1,948 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the rise in the number of female offenders and how this occurrence impacts our understanding of crime. The paper investigates the new branch of criminology that has recently emerged to study this phenomenon, and the reasons researchers are giving to explain it. The paper discusses the different approaches and debates within this new discipline regarding this issue including the liberal feminist point of view, the power-control thesis, and the socialist feminist approach. The paper concludes that, in the end, it seems that we have still not come up with a definitive explanation as to why it is that the rates of women offenders seem to be on the rise.
From the Paper
"Criminological theories have traditionally been divided into two types: conflict theories and consensus theories. The former are based on a conception of society as primarily conflict-driven (people and groups of people are constantly competing for resources); while the latter are based on a conception of society as primarily consensus driven (people want to live together happily and share resources). In the case of the former, apparent consensus is artificially created by forcing people to live together peacefully, for example by the use of laws. In the case of the latter, those few individuals who do not conform are controlled by law. What these two divisions of criminology theories have in common is that both have suffered from an extraordinary omission for a long time: namely that both have all but ignored the role that gender plays in crime."
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Aggressive Driving, 2007.
A discussion of aggressive driving.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines all aspects of aggressive driving. The paper explains that aggressive driving can be defined as driving that fails to consider the safety of others and that aggressive drivers know they may be driving in such a way that could endanger others. The paper then looks at the difference between road rage and aggressive driving. The paper points out that studying the behaviors of aggressive drivers and knowing what to do when someone is driving aggressively is vital in reducing the number of accidents caused by aggressive drivers. The paper then looks at why male drivers are more aggressive than females. The paper concludes with suggestions on how one can protect oneself from aggressive drivers.
Outline:
The Dangers of Aggressive Driving
Understanding Aggressive Driving Behaviors
Male Drivers Are More Aggressive than Females
Protecting Oneself Against Aggressive Drivers
From the Paper
"If a driver intentionally intends to harm another driver or another person, they can be stated to be aggressive drivers. Some people may not intend to be aggressive drivers, but they know they are taking risks that could endanger the lives of others which make them aggressive drivers. Some of the behaviors that aggressive drivers have are tailgating, failure to obey traffic signs, weaving in and out of traffic with no regard to safety, passing on the right, honking, yelling, and facial or hand gestures (Aggressive Driving). Most aggressive drivers have high levels of stress and may be angry at loved ones and/or angry at themselves. Often these drivers may have mental health problems. Three factors are in common and they are "lack of responsible driving behavior, reduced levels of traffic enforcement, and increased congestion and travel in our urban areas" (Aggressive Driving)."
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The Legalization of Prostitution, 2008.
This paper discusses the negative social repercussions of legalizing prostitution within the United States.
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the premise of the argument against legalizing prostitution within the United States rests on the devaluation of female identity within society as women will be promoted as mere objects of male sexual aggression and patriarchal institutions. The author points out that the basis for arguing against the legalization of prostitution revolves around the issue of what is moral in society in regards to the law. The paper relates that proponents for legalization often cite ideological reasons for allowing a regulatory governing body to control underage victimization of female prostitutes; however, this will not end the cycles of abuse. The paper concludes that a more matriarchal construct to regulation, which allows women of a mature age to freely choose their profession, might be realistic, but the current patriarchic governments would not provide these regulations within the framework of legalization.
From the Paper
"This point of view from opposing countries defines how women in government act as agents that defy the premise that legalization will only help the condition of female prostitutes that are supposedly being supported by the government. The reality of German prostitution is that government is turning away from regulation, as can be seen in the sex booths provided at the World Cup by the German government. If this is a form of regulation, then the often victimized and kidnapped women from foreign countries being allowed at German events is a premonition of what conditions might be like for lower class and disenfranchised women in the United States."
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Workplace Evolution, 2008.
This paper discusses how and why the workplace has evolved regarding gender equality.
2,449 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at changes that have been brought about in the workplace due to the emergence of gender equality. The writer then looks at the first inclusion of women to the workforce and discusses the issue of equal pay and gender inequality. The writer maintains that the gendered stereotypes have fallen one by one as women and men have interacted in the workplace. The writer points out that both women and men have reacted to their situation as their skills and abilities have required, rather than through the prism of some supposed stereotypical response that is driven by gender. The writer concludes, however, that certain stereotypes, based as they are on some form of fact, may prove more difficult to accommodate in the culture until new technologies and alternate arrangements that negate the effects of these differences are implemented.
Outline:
Background Information
Change
Operational Definition: Corporate America
Operational Definition:Traditional Organizational Cultures
Theories
Glass Ceiling
Gendered Stereotypes
From the Paper
"In Roe v Wade the woman's right to make decisions about her own body through abortion was considered. The justices of the Supreme Court concluded that women were given individual rights as citizens of the United States through the Bill of Rights and the United States Constitution. According to the justices, those individual rights included the ability of women to determine what would or would not happen to their own bodies through pregnancy or any other occurrence. Women across the country took this decision as a landmark decision that supported the control women had over their own lives and their quest to implement that control in all areas of existence."
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Same-Sex Marriage and Artificial Insemination, 2008.
This paper argues against same-sex marriage and the related issue of artificial insemination.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer looks at same-sex marriage and at the artificial insemination of lesbians with an eye towards asserting that both are offensive on religious, moral, and sociological grounds. The paper first points out that the Holy Scriptures provide a number of compelling justifications for the elevation of heterosexual marriage. Proceeding further, the writer argues that there are moral reasons why artificial insemination (and gay marriages involving children) are unacceptable. Finally, the writer maintains that there is sufficient evidence decrying the effects of households headed by homosexual couples upon children for our society to re-examine its glib acceptance of the idea that homosexual couples (perhaps couples inseminated by artificial means) should automatically be given carte blanche to be parents.
From the Paper
"The reasons why homosexual union appears to be frowned upon by the Church ties into the notion of complementarity; that is to say, pairs of men and pairs of women cannot conceive children via natural means. In short, the procreative process, at least if it involves natural means, is only possible if one man and one woman are involved. As May understands the matter, natural fertility is a blessing of God and demands the active participation of both genders. More than that, the ability to have progeny invests in human couples the creative power that would otherwise be limited to God alone; thus, the natural process of mating is an act that should not be trifled with inasmuch as man and woman - in their natural states as God designed them - have been rendered in God's image, or at least man has been rendered in God's image and have been given the responsibility of carrying out a procreative act sanctioned by the Almighty. Clearly, man and woman have been designed the way they have for a reason, and it would be unwise to alter this complementary state by allowing lesbians to become pregnant via artificial insemination."
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Television and Sexual Orientation, 2008.
This paper discusses how race, sexual orientation, social class, gender and class are portrayed on television.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that television is arguably our most pervasive mass medium, and reaches millions of viewers, often for many hours per day. As such, it is reasonable to expect that it may play a substantial role in forming and moulding public opinion. This essay examines how race, sexual orientation, social class, gender and class are portrayed on television, with specific reference to four very popular television series: 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer'; 'Ellen'; 'Frasier' and 'Friends'. It is argued that the relationship between television and the masses is becoming increasingly interactive, with the latter increasingly impacting the former, and both exerting a moulding action upon one another.
From the Paper
"First, it must be conceded that there is abundant evidence of television moulding our current society, conveying a view of the world that reinforces the current status quo. Take for example the enormously popular television series Friends. This series features four fabulously shallow, attractive, white, heterosexual, gender-role-conforming, slim, reasonably affluent, utterly self-centred thirty-somethings living in a US city. These characters surely represent the current patriarchal North American status quo. None of them transgresses any societal norms, and all devote themselves with indefatigable vigour to the most important social virtue of our time - consumption. Indeed, much of the action takes place in a coffee shop, where the characters simply spend their time spending money and being amusing. This is reminiscent of the television series Frasier, where the characters also appear to have a bottomless capacity for expensive coffee (as well as fine wine and good food)."
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Advertising and Women, 2008.
This paper looks at body image, female sexuality and debt within the field of advertising.
1,692 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines advertising and how it impacts women in three ways: body image; sexuality; and consumer spending habits. Specifically, the writer argues that advertising has been - and continues to be - shaped by stereotypical depictions of the two genders, and that women remain faced with a popular media that glorifies unhealthy body images at the same time as it sexualizes women and impresses upon them the sense that they need to dress and act a certain way in order to be "true" women. Finally, the paper looks at how consumer advertising has placed women in a position where they are now expected to consume both like women - and like men.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Advertising and women: Body image
Advertising and Women: Sexuality
Advertising and women: Debt
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Advertising in America and throughout the western world impacts women in many ways - most of them negative. In the pages that follow, the impact of advertising upon women in the realms of body image, sexuality, and consumer impulses will all be discussed, with the general argument being raised that advertisers seize upon female insecurities and self-perceived inadequacies in order to make money - even if the process ends up sparking eating disorders and psychological disorders among young and old females. In the end, women need to appreciate that advertisers are not interested in social welfare but in making money - often by appealing to shop-worn notions about gender roles."
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Gender Segregation in the Canadian Workplace, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of labor segregation in Canada in the 20th century, looking at various related articles.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer refers to papers that help to explain gender segregation in the Canadian workplace in the 20th century and subsequent developments including the Canadian Labor Movement's gradual attention to women and developments seeing women more often in unionized environments that lessened gender divisions. The writer notes that all of the articles are helpful to an understanding of topics broader than matters of labor and women for they allow glimpses of a Canadian society and culture quite transformed. The writer maintains that each paper should probably be read with consideration of all that the Canadian state did not provide to generic citizens or workers, imagining the orientations of workers, and employers, to what was acceptable or desirable, and possible, in a post-colonial economy of much alteration between the turn of the 20th century and the turn of the 21st century.
Outline:
Introduction
Graham S. Low on Clerical Work, 1901-1931
Craig Heron, Changes to 1945 and Beyond
Into the Present - a Reflection
From the Paper
"Women were associated with family roles, first and foremost and as was true for another generation, those able to pursue professions usually did not marry. The under-reported women doctors graduated by several Ontario universities after the 1880s, for instance, chose their vocations ahead of family life, a convention then respected. Low's clerical workers of the business sector did not expect or particularly want advancement, but learnable jobs providing income and some security so as to maintain their household roles, too."
"By the end of World War I, women attended business colleges where they learned stenography. Low's article is of a kind focused on women's labour in relation to capitalism, of course, so unless a reader is curious, there can be no wider awareness of women who were performing differently in the public sphere, not the least of which were more than 4,000 Canadian military nurses serving on the Western Front and in the Middle East through the course of World War II. Of course, Low's point is to indicate how women became expected as office workers of particular kind, low paid and without advancement. Their situations were common but by no means general from 1901 to 1931."
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Marriage, Relationships and Society, 2008.
A comparison of two articles:"Marriage: Then and Now" by Stephanie Coontz and "Family Responsibilities: The Politics of Love and Care" by Meg Luxton.
1,038 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two articles that both deal with the interrelationships between domestic relationships and the broader society: :"Marriage: Then and Now" by Stephanie Coontz and "Family Responsibilities: The Politics of Love and Care" by Meg Luxton. The paper explains that Coontz supplies the reader with an interesting account of the history of marriage, showing how it has changed according to dominant social and historical trends. The paper then points out that Luxton shows how neoliberal capitalist policies have impacted family relationships and that the assumption that families must be self-reliant, and independent of the capitalist economy, dates back to 18th century liberalism. The writer concludes that both of these articles are written from a starting point of love and caring and both have an underlying agenda of promoting the greatest possible amount of individual and family happiness within the realities of our current society. The writer also believes that both articles provide useful insights into social realities, and constructive suggestions that can increase the happiness of many relationships.
From the Paper
"The underlying assumption of Coontz's article is that marriage is one of the many mechanisms of our society - it will thus change according to various social demands made on it. She does not appear to see any malevolent forces at work in this - marriage is simply an inanimate institution whose functions grow or contract depending on the pressures brought to bear on it. By contrast, Luxton's article does seem to pinpoint some malevolent forces at work. She blames what she calls the neoliberal agenda for the reduced role that the state is playing in fulfilling social responsibilities. Thanks to neoliberalism. She believes that the well-being of families has become subordinate to the well-being of business."
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Counseling in Human Sexuality, 2008.
An overview of various counseling issues affecting human sexuality.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how therapists who counsel human sexuality feel that the process involves a complex processing that involves the patient's interaction of biological, psychological and spiritual scope. These developments of one's sexuality seem to be forever expanding and intensifying. Specifically, and within a spiritual content, the paper discusses how authors Dr. and Mrs. Penner in "Counseling for Sexual
Disorders (Resources for Christian Counseling)" explore sexual dysfunctions through counseling with regards to therapy. It discusses how the three key points explained that seem crucial are inability of arousal, surviving sexual abuse, and the Christian view on sex.
From the Paper
"Although people may think that female sexual dysfunction stems from psychological reasons, there may be problems physically in terms of the female vagina. Or, sexual dysfunction can result from urinary issues, past sexual abuse, or something that may be chemically unbalanced. After the initial physical testing, say from the gynecologist, urologist and Internist, and there is nothing wrong in terms of sexual dysfunction, the next step is definitely counseling. However, some women feel embarrassed to seek counseling in this field and either blame themselves, blame their spouse, and/or blame their past relationship. Many women are informed to use various creams and ointment for pleasure however they return because the husband doesn't enjoy the feeling. Increasingly, women are being referred to counselors specializing in sexual disorders. "
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Self-Image Maintenance and Prejudice, 2008.
This paper explores the extent to which a strong self-image encourages resistance to prejudice.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the literature on prejudice and self-image in order to determine how comprehensive the protection given by a strong self-image can be in respect to prejudice. The paper discusses how self-esteem and self-image are separate constructs and examines racism and gender in relation to self-image. The paper also discusses how it is highly probable that a target of prejudice with a strong self-image will be less likely to suffer psychological or emotional harm from prejudice, but he may still feel the effects of prejudice. The paper concludes that it is necessary to engage in further study in which a narrow focus is used to identify the impact of prejudice on a specific population, such as either gender or race.
Outline:
Introduction
Self-Esteem and Self-Image
Racism and Self-Image
Gender and Self-Image
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The study of prejudice and its impact on the individual has been well-documented in the literature. It is recognized that prejudice is both expressed and responded to in multiple forms, suggesting that it is feasibly impossible to prepare for all social interactions in which prejudice is exhibited (Owens, Stryker, & Goodman, 2001; Kernis, 2006). This in turn indicates that the person who is targeted by a display of prejudice is likely to be affected by it, and that the impact that prejudice has upon the person depends upon the type of prejudice displayed and the character of the person who has been targeted by it."
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Female Terms, 2008.
This paper describes the different ways of referring to women.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at different words to refer to females, and explains that although the term female is first a biological distinction, the way the word is used, has a gender as much as a sexual distinction.
The author explores many other ways in which women are portrayed; some with biological basis; others that are clearly culturally defined; some that carry value judgments; concluding that both verbal and nonverbal cues contribute to how we view gender and how influential society at large is in this debate.
From the Paper
"The term "female" is used in various ways, with the most basic use of the term being as the identifier of slightly more than half the population. Female is first a biological distinction in opposition to male, but the way the word is used has a gender as much as a sexual distinction, with gender being cultural rather than biological. The term is also used as an adjective to identify either biological differences or gender differences, with certain attitudes, states, or things characterized as "female" rather than "male.
"The dictionary definition of female follows the biological and states that a female is "a person bearing two X chromosomes in the cell nuclei and normally having a vagina, a uterus and ovaries, and developing at puberty a relatively rounded body and enlarged breasts, and retaining a beardless face; a girl or woman" (Random House Unabridged Dictionary CD-Rom). As an adjective, the dictionary says the word refers to being "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a female person; feminine." Random House Unabridged Dictionary CD-Rom). The latter meaning in particular suggetes again gender differences, for what is masculine and what is feminine differ from one culture to another and may have little to do with sexual differences at all for a given individual."
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"Men Want Something Else", 2008.
An analysis of the factual basis for David M. Buss's article, "Men Want Something Else."
1,676 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews David M. Buss's article, "Men Want Something Else." It looks at what the article says about men and their choices, but suggests that it is extraordinarily lacking in any information about what women want or feel. The paper argues that in fact we should not take anything in this article too seriously, as most of it is based on unproven assumptions.
From the Paper
"As we have seen, Buss's argument is much like an onion. It looks pretty solid on the outside - but as fast as one peels off one layer of assumptions, one uncovers another layer of assumptions just beneath. And once one has peeled off all the layers of assumptions, there is pretty much nothing left - apart from a very cleverly written apologia for male superficiality. It is thus concluded that Buss's argument fails, and we are left to speculate as to why it is that men marry. Personally, I suspect it has to do with having someone to pick up dirty socks off the bedroom floor and throw them in the laundry. Indeed, this could explain the male preference for young women, as they are more easily able to bend over! However, let us leave the ingenious marshalling of assumptions to vindicate the status quo to male writers - after all, it is they who benefit most from the maintenance of the status quo."
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Being Gay and Elderly in Toronto, 2008.
A discussion of the difficulties faced by the elderly gay population of Toronto.
2,223 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how being elderly and gay in Toronto is not a positive experience. The paper explains that the experience is much the same for elderly gays in all cities and that elderly gay men are cut off from younger gay men and also from society. The paper points out that gays and lesbians in Canada have their own gay village right in the downtown area of Toronto and that this area is also known as the gay ghetto. The paper then looks at how the experience of elderly gay people is even worse than the discrimination that results from homophobia and it all has to do with ageism, which puts elderly gay men into yet another ghetto. In conclusion, the paper shows that elderly gay men are also faced with the issues of homophobia and ageism and the process of growing old in Toronto does not seem to have any advantages.
Outline:
The Gay Ghetto
Older Gays, Ageism, and Social Isolation
Other Problems of Elderly Gay Men
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Gays are mainly found in two areas of Toronto. The first is the Gay Village; the center of that village is Church and Wellesley Streets. The Gay Village is a symbol of exclusion or how gays and lesbians are separate from general Toronto society. Homophobia still exists very strongly, and gays and lesbians are still struggling for equality with the rest of society. In the village, gays and lesbians found "an urban neighborhood that is populated by, and reasonably tolerates, a large number of queers" (Editorial 1). They accomplished something remarkable with the rundown urban neighborhood when they rented apartments that other people rejected and opened businesses where no one else would consider doing so."
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