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Intersexuality, 2004.
This paper discusses intersexuality, meaning between male and female, neither male or female, as presented by Christine Gorman and Wendy Cole in the "Time" magazine article, "Between the Sexes".
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the most important information contained in "Between the Sexes" is the perception of gender, gender identity, and gender flexibility. The author points out that the article determines that intersexuality is more a social than a medical issue by raising the question of whether it is appropriate or desirable to assign a gender at birth to an intersexual child. The paper relates that, by using several interview subjects, the authors illustrate how intersexuality affects individual people personally; therefore, they treat the subject from an intimate perspective and don't just provide a dry overview of the topic.
From the Paper
"The authors also question the notion of that "there are just two separate sexes." The topic of intersexuality naturally raises the issue of whether gender should be rigidly defined or whether gender should rather be viewed on a continuum. Thus, Gorman and Cole work to dispel the prevalent social myth that all individuals must be assigned a clear, unequivocal gender status. Examining the collective phenomena of intersexuality can also help people to contemplate gender roles and social norms in society."
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"Sex and the City", 2004.
An analysis of the concepts of love, sex, and career in the HBO television series, "Sex and the City," reflecting various facets of women in American society.
1,673 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes two important points that emerge from an analysis of the TV series, "Sex and the City". The first issue covered is that the show demonstrates a transition among its characters, wherein the image of the modern woman is immediately replaced during the last season of the program to illustrate women facing challenges that real women confront in real life. The second point examined in the paper is that each "Sex and the City" character represents a particular facet of femininity and womanhood that the show's audiences can relate to, giving the show its human and realistic element.
From the Paper
"More than a study of femininity, "Sex and the City" is also an example of a popular culture material that intends to fuse the experiences of individuals eventually achieving self-realization and accomplishment in life, while at the same time presenting life as it is projected by the mass media through the medium of television. Because the program is representative of the contemporary American society, "Sex and the City" provides insightful information about changing concepts about love, sex, and career in the women sector, as illustrated in the characters of Carrie, Samantha, Charlotte, and Miranda."
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Gender Disparities in Health, 2005.
An in-depth look at whether men and women react differently in different health crisis situations.
4,125 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the disparity among men and women might be apparent in the manner in which they respond to certain ailments. It shows that inadequate proof on gender disparities in health does not indicate that differences between men and women are trouble-free. The writer argues that there is an urgency to delve more into the characteristics of gender disparities than persisting to work for the given notions. While discovering the associations between gender and health, the writer concludes that it is crucial that one considers quantitative and qualitative information data to develop a more patterned comprehension of the lives of men and women.
From the Paper
"Gender is a vital feature in comprehending the intricate correlation among the socio-structural disparities and disparity of health. (Goodman; Amick; Rezendes; Tarlov; Rogers; Kagan, 907) The use of the expression 'gender' was originally made in the 1960s to confront the widespread conviction that variation of gender among women and men were permanent and rigid. It pointed a departure from the genetic code in the field of biology that comprehended these variations as happening naturally, to an increasing consciousness of the influence of societal reasons that could be tackled and modified. Latest plans for the growth of gender-receptive point of view have attracted notice in the direction of gender relationships, reasoning that we should be shifting our attention from the issue of women and men as watertight compartments to envisioning at the societal relationships by way of which they are reciprocally made up as distinct groups. This would comprise exploring in larger aspect as to the manner in which the influence of men falls on women's well-being and vice versa, by way of the extensive multiplicity of individual, familial and professional relationships that subsists among the two. (O'Brien; White, 2)"
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The Beauty Pageant Culture, 2004.
An analysis of issues of gender and power in the beauty pageant culture of America.
2,027 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how beauty pageants define gender, hierarchy, and power. The paper contends that, despite growing resentments to a male-imposed version of femininity, women in America are influenced by a wide range of powerful cultural messages that serve to define unrealistic expectations of what women should look like and how they should act. The paper explores the Miss America, Miss Universe, and Miss World pageants.
From the Paper
"Data for the winners of the Miss America competition from 1921 to 1986 (when the pageant stopped collecting the data) were analyzed by Freese and Meland; these researchers found that simple correlations between WHR and a linear measure of the time of pageant victory show that the WHRs of Miss American winners have changed over time. The correlation coefficients indicate that the WHR Miss America winners have decreased over time (r =.-55, p < .001) and those of Playboy centerfold models have increased over time (r =.46, p < .001) (Freese & Meland, 2002, p. 135). On the one hand, the authors say these results could reasonably be assumed to mean that this is evidence of an invariance in the underlying preference over time; the opposing trends, while important, could merely reflect idiosyncrasies of employing self-reported Playboy and Miss America measurements as measures of indicators of American male preferences for specific gender characteristics in the opposite sex at a given point in time. In other words, they say, because the trends are in opposite directions, they can be thought of as canceling each other out, allowing the conclusion that reflected WHR preferences have effectively been temporally invariant despite evidence of change in both samples (Freese & Meland, 2002, p. 136)."
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Gender and Education, 2004.
An analysis of the implication of gender on academic achievements.
788 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the notion that males and females perform differently in the classroom. The paper contends that the goal of educators should be to minimize the stereotypical belief systems that influence gender achievement and help teachers focus on aiding students, whether male or female, in accomplishing as much as they can and holding everyone, regardless of sex, to the highest standards of achievement in the classroom. Traditional stereotypical beliefs about student achievement based on gender must be abolished in order for success in the classroom to be realized.
From the Paper
"There are many different theories that exist with regard to gender and education. A majority of these stem from statistical research and analysis which suggest that males and females perform differently in the classroom. Many of the studies that have evolved around gender and education focus on the role of gender stereotyping to explain the performance gap that sometimes exist with regard to educational achievement between males and females (Ayim, Diller, Houston & Morgan, 1996), whereas others focus on scientific analysis of genetic influences on gender differentiation in the classroom (Alsup & Sprigler, 2003; Zohan, 1998). Of the studies that have been conducted, one may conclude simply that many different factors affect achievement for males and females in the classroom."
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, 2004.
An analysis of pelvic inflammatory disease .
886 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses pelvic inflammatory disease, a highly transmittable and serious condition, which requires timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The paper contends that delayed diagnosis and treatment will result in poor prognosis and serious complications, such as infertility and chronic pelvic pain. The paper presents suggestions to prevent this disease. While research is still underway in developing good diagnostic and effective treatment methods, the paper recommends a common sense approach to contain the spread of the disease would be to maintain sexual hygiene and follow precautionary measures.
From the Paper
"Antibiotics constitute the mainstay treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease. Treatment for PID presents two main problems. First, obtaining the specimens from the upper genital tracts is difficult. Second, the infection may be attributed to multiple pathogenic agents all of which may not respond to a prescribed medication. Physicians in general prescribe a combination of antibiotics to fight the infection. Cefoxitin, Clindamycin, Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin are some of the commonly prescribed antibiotics in the treatment of PID. The safety of the drug for use during pregnancy must be ascertained before beginning the course. Also it is necessary as a preemptive measure to treat sexual partners in order to completely eliminate the possibility of reinfection. In acute cases where there is severe damage to the peritoneal tissues or bursting of abscess, surgical interventions are necessary. Intrauterine devises need to removed be in order not to increase risk of reinfection."
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Human Biological Variation, 2005.
A paper on the question of human behavior and whether it is genetically or biologically influenced.
2,545 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explores some of the aspects of the nature versus nurture controversy. The paper studies the complex interplay between genotype and phenotype variables via findings in various disciplines to determine if the genotype (nature aspect) is more influential than the phenotype (the nurture aspect) in determining human behavior.
Background
Literature Review
Methodology
From the Paper
"On the theory that no behavior is more emblematic of a person?s behavior than their sexual behavior, which arises from their sexual identity, a study of gender identification and the nature-nurture debate seems a logical one to decide the issue without dissent. (It should be noted, however, that arguably, a case might be made that this is not so, at least in the case of transgendered individuals and those whose behavior includes such contrarian behaviors as cross-dressing.) However, an article by Hausman (2000), dissects the results of enculturation of (and often surgery upon) individuals born with indeterminate physical sexual identifying characteristics. Hausman uses the case of twin sex reassignment to comment on the way gender operates in the nature vs. nurture debate, at least in terms of gender identity."
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Gay Soldiers, 2004.
A comparative analysis of two newspaper articles on homosexuals in the military.
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in 2001, the "New York Times Magazine" published an editorial by Andrew Sullivan entitled, "Who's Being Shut Out of All the World War II Glory?" In it, Sullivan asked why historians, both in Washington and Hollywood, have ignored the contributions of gay soldiers and links this to the current ?don?t ask, don?t tell? policy that was resulting in an upsurge in sexuality-related discharges from the military. In comparison, it looks at David Horowitz's response article entitled, ?Why Gays Shouldn?t Serve.?
From the Paper
"This is very different from Horowitz? position. Horowitz actually acknowledges that there should be more recognition for former homosexual soldiers. He also says that allowing openly gay people in the army would be bad not because homosexuals deserve to be discriminated against, but for the very simple reason that if there were homosexuals in the army that would introduce a factor of sex and individuality. This would, he then suggests, culminate in unreliable soldiers who might make poor decisions to protect their lovers. He, oddly, backs this up by evidence regarding how few women report for duty and how many get pregnant. Homosexuality, he suggests, does not deserve discrimination, but gay people should not be allowed to serve in the military where they might sleep with each other."
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Sexual Harassment, 2004.
This paper analyzes two journal articles about sexual harassment in the workplace.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that both articles acknowledge the prevalence of sexual harassment and note that gender differentiations still exist in the workplace. The author points out that a large body of evidence suggests that workplace discrimination is an insidious problem that, in some instances, is ignored for fear of conflict in the workplace. The paper relates that, from each of the articles, one might conclude that sexual harassment training might need to be more gender-specific because the dominant theory seems to be that men and women view sexual harassment in the workplace very differently.
Table of Contents
Article 1: ?A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences in Perceptions of Sexual Harassment.? By Rotundo, Nguyen & Sackett
Article 2: ?Well Below the Threshold for Sexual Harassment Can Help You Avoid An Unexpected Lawsuit.? J.W. Janove
Analysis
From the Paper
"This article is critical because it discusses not simply the topic of harassment but works to identify what behaviors are sexually harassing and how men and women may perceive different behaviors in the workplace. In order for managers to fully understand what behaviors actually constitute sexual harassment, the researchers point out it is critical that studies first analyze how individual differences in perceptions of sexual harassment come into existence and affect perceptions of harassment in the workplace."
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?The Boundaries of Blackness".
This paper reviews Cathy J. Cohen's ?The Boundaries of Blackness: AIDS and the Breakdown of Black Politics?, which discusses the debate regarding the absence of a strong African-American vote.
1,820 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Cohen challenges the notion of a cohesive African-American vote by noting that African-Americans failed to become a strong political force because their political, business, and church leaders focus on imbibing the values of mainstream, middle-class America. The author points out that Cohen argues that, despite the growing threat of AIDS, African-American leadership failed to galvanize the population around this issue, which affects African-Americans as a group, despite categorical differences. The paper states that the Cohen believes that the attitudes of black leaders resulted in a secondary marginalization of gays and lesbians, who, due to their race and sexual orientation, remained among the most disenfranchised citizens.
From the Paper
"Cohen begins by dispelling the notion of a politically-cohesive African American community, one wherein race supposedly overrides differences spawned by class, gender or even ethnicity. Instead, she maintains that this cohesion is ?being challenged and sometimes replaced by cross-cutting issues and crises rooted in or built on the often hidden differences, cleavages, or fault lines of marginal communities? (9). There is thus no strong ?black vote,? because the African American community is highly fragmented and factionalized."
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Date Rape, 2005.
A discussion about the troubling phenomenon of date rape.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Date rape is a serious social issue, which must be addressed appropriately. This paper discusses how it is important to first develop a clear and absolute definition of date rape to protect men from false accusations and to protect women from sexual victimization on dates. It explains that this definition is needed so women can realize when things are proceeding in the wrong direction and take some action to stop it, while men can proceed cautiously and shield themselves from false allegations that next morning.
From the Paper
"Date rape is a less technical term for acquaintance rape where offender is identified as a non-relative whom the victim knew personally. However the extent of this relationship may vary from case to case. In some cases, the offender and victim may have been on first date when the incident occurred while in others, they might be in steady relationship. Vast body of research on the subject reveals that date rape is a common social problem that is not limited exclusively to college students. Women of all age groups have experienced sexual coercion by a male acquaintance on a date. Pineau (1989) defines date rape as ?non-aggravated sexual assault, nonconsensual sex that does not involve physical injury, or the explicit threat of physical injury" (Pineau 217). Still date rape is a vaguely defined crime: one factor that has contributed to its growth."
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Fundamentalism and Gay Marriage, 2005.
A position paper that argues that an individual's sexual orientation should not affect his or her right to a legal marriage.
1,351 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that amendments to the Constitution that attempt to define marriage from a religious and Christian point of view suppress individual rights to freedom and expression. The paper further argues that these types of amendments send the message that only certain beliefs and morals are acceptable, and such a message is contrary to the basic political philosophy of the United States and the U.S. Constitution.
From the Paper
"The overwhelming passage of amendments defining marriage as a union between man and woman is a sign of religious fundamentalism creeping into the back door of the American government. Amendments such as this undermine every citizen?s constitutional right to freedom in a country founded on the principles of democracy and liberty for all. It signifies an end of democracy and the beginning of a movement toward religious fundamentalism that may eventually undermine the American justice system."
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Women and Economics, 2004.
An analysis of sexism in the workplace.
3,486 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the phenomenon called occupational segregation. The paper explores why the overwhelming majority of women continue to do traditionally female work. The paper presents the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and contends that, despite these laws, women still earn less than men.
Outline
Introduction
History of Equal Pay Initiatives
Reasons for Gender-Based Pay Disparity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1963, the Equal Pay Act was ?the first law to suggest that the pay of women should be equal to men when their positions are equal? (Crampton et al, 1997, p. 335+). The intention behind the law was to eliminate gender-based discrimination and ?the depressing effects on living standards caused by reduced wages for female workers? (Crampton et al, 1997, p. 335+). This was a serious economic impact at the time; it is still serious. Then, women?s pay was estimated at about 60% of men?s. Today, estimates put it at about 70%, and some as low as 68%, meaning there was not much advance in 40 years. In addition, ?About 60 percent of the improvement in the wage gap during the last 15 years can be attributed to the decline in men?s real earnings. Approximately 40 percent of the gap is a result of women?s better earning power? (Newsnotes, 1996)."
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Children and Gender Roles, 2004.
An analysis of how gender-specific behavior is imposed on children.
2,605 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how both male and female children in our society are socialized from a very young age to behave in specific, predefined ways that are considered to be appropriate for their genders. It looks at how, beginning with the parents of children and then including many other influential factors in society, many sources define what type of behavior is to be expected from children of each gender. Male and female children of all ages are given guidelines to follow regarding proper interaction with others and acceptable behavior in social situations.
From the Paper
"A reflection of how gender roles are determined and enforced in society can be seen in a number of sources. For one example, research has shown that children?s literature is influenced by gender role definitions, as well as helping to make and encourage those definitions. ? In children's literature, males typically are portrayed as competent and achievement oriented, while the image of females is that they are limited in what they do, and less competent in their ability to accomplish things. Female characters are involved in few of the activities and assigned few of the characteristics or goals that are accorded prestige and esteem in our society.? (Kortenhaus) This separation of the abilities of boys versus girls in something as influential as children?s literature creates something of a self-fulfilling prophecy."
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Human Sexuality, 2004.
An analysis of the gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, and questioning community.
2,360 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper defines the GLBTQ (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, and questioning) community by the interests and concerns of a number of different members of this group. The paper contends that, while there are a number of issues of joint concern to members of this community, the community is also divided by the unique experiences of several subsets. These include issues of sexual orientation, civil rights, medical concerns, and gender issues. Many of these issues are also shared with other traditionally oppressed groups, such as African-Americans, but many are largely unique to the GLBTQ community.
From the Paper
"Deborah Menkart notes the GLBTQ community shares a commonality with other groups, such as the American Civil Rights Movement. She notes these groups share a desire to "be treated as human beings, to be treated fairly, to enjoy fully the rights articulated in the U.S. Constitution and Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and to exercise the ensuing responsibilities, such as voting" (p. 4). Certainly, the Civil Rights movement and the Gay Rights movement share several similarities. Both movements desire equal treatment for all individuals. Further, both movements have often faced tremendous resistance from larger American society. Certainly, such resistance remains today against the Gay Rights movement, given the often high levels of homophobia in society in the United States (Menkart)."
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