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The Chinese Imperial Eunuch, 2008.
Looks at the Chinese Imperial eunuch's biological, cultural and spiritual origins.
1,975 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Chinese eunuch, the traditional figure of the Imperial palace, and the ways in which he has been understood at various points in history by various scholarly and historical works. The author suggests that the eunuch was not a merely utilitarian figure but one who occupied a position, which allowed a certain kind of traversing of boundaries between material and spiritual worlds. The paper relates that eunuchs sometimes became actors and singers as well as a select few who filled the roles of lamaist priests. The author points out that one of the more fascinating things about the role of the eunuch in Chinese society involved the emphasis on bodily wholeness so important in the culture.
From the Paper
"Eunuchs were believed to be disinclined to seek power or wealth for themselves, since they could not father children, and therefore would not be able to pass any success on to their sons. In his capacity, then, of witness to the women's lives, he was expected to make sure that any children born were actually heirs to the emperor, legitimately sired by him and no one else. In a time of high infant mortality it was especially important to the emperor to make sure that he sired as many sons, or potential future heirs, as possible."
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Article: Pamela S. Haag's "'The Real Thing'", 2008.
A reflection on an article by Pamela S. Haag "'The Real Thing': Ideologies of Love, Modern Romance and Women's Sexual Subjectivity in the United States, 1920-40".
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the ideological point made in Pamela S. Haag's article "'The Real Thing': Ideologies of Love, Modern Romance and Women's Sexual Subjectivity in the United States, 1920-40" is correct. The author points out that Haag is saying that the subjective self is not an independent construct, but rather reflects the choices available in the surrounding political and social discourses. The paper claims that this becomes apparent when considering the world as a whole and the dominance of the capitalist discourse. The author stresses that fortunately discourses do change, which is abundantly clear when considering how women heroes have been warmly welcomed recently in popular films and television texts. The paper underscores that these female heroes are opening up new vistas of subjective possibilities for girls and women.
From the Paper
"For example, 1979 saw the arrival of the first popular female action hero, as Sigourney Weaver (playing Warrant Officer Ellen Ripley) bravely confronted terrifying alien creatures in the hugely successful science fiction film, "Alien". Then Ripley came back and kicked more alien butt in 1986, and again in 1992, and even rose from the dead to do it one more time, in 1997. And in this fourth reprise, Ripley's significant other (or close approximation thereof) was a female robot, played winningly by Winona Ryder."
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Civil Rights, 2008.
This paper describes the history of civil rights in the United States for blacks, women and gay men and women.
992 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how great strides have been made regarding civil rights in the US since the inception of the idea in the 1940s. The paper relates that although racism has not been totally eradicated, in the eyes of the law today every race is equal and constitutionally protected. The paper then focuses on the 1960s as a decade that interests the author in terms of issues, events and experiences and on the 1980s as a decade that least interests him. The paper also discusses how the United States has experienced the most change in its culture, becoming more gender equal.
From the Paper
"Civil rights became an issue of concern in the 1940s when President Harry S. Truman made it the main focus of his fighting liberal program and even championed a bill that would end racial discrimination in the military. However, Truman backed down from this platform after he endured a wave of political backlash from those who feared the program: mainly southern politicians.
"In the 1950s, the National Association of Colored People (NAACP) emerged, led by Reverend George W. Lee. The group was formed to encourage blacks to use their voting power and their civil rights to enact change in society. However, at the time, fervent opposition and violence met the NAACP and Reverend Lee was murdered in 1955 Mississippi because of his efforts."
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Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS in Africa, 2008.
A research proposal to look into the transmission of AIDS from mothers to their babies.
796 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research proposal on the topic of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of AIDS in Africa. It includes information regarding effective ways to prevent MTCT, and highlights the sad truth that these methods are under-utilized, and that women in Africa are often powerless to protect themselves from and their unborn children from the virus.
Outline:
Background/Rationale
Objectives
Methodology
Expected Outcomes
From the Paper
"In addition, AIDS in Africa is mainly heterosexually transmitted, and is more associated with poverty than with any particular sexual preference. Experts speculate that this may be partly due to the fact that poverty in Africa is all too often accompanied by untreated sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs). These STDs can lead to lesions in the genital region, and the lesions allow for easier transmission of the HIV virus. Because AIDS in Africa is about poverty, it should be addressed with social programs. And as social programs should be based on sound research, the more research that is done on this topic, the better (Barnett and Whiteside, 2002)."
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Stories about Womenc, 2008.
Compares Tillie Olsen's "I Stand Here Ironing" and Alice Walker's "Everyday Use".
870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that "Everyday Use" by Alice Walker and "I Stand Here Ironing" by Tillie Olsen, are both stories about a relationship between a mother and her daughter and both emphasize the environment and its effect on the character. The paper further points out that the women in these stories are separated from men, which creates a tension between themselves and their neighbors. In addition, the paper relates that both these stories focus on the immediate world of the main characters and yet comment on the situation for others in this class. The women share a certain isolation from the world and also face similar concerns about their daughters. .
From the Paper
"The setting for "Everyday Use" is such that the act of quilting becomes a way of remembering, a way of recalling the past and memorializing it in the quilt. Indeed, pieces of the past are part of each quilt in the form of such things as "pieces of Grandpa Jattell's Paisley shirts." Three generations of women live in this house together and share enjoyment of the quilts. In "I Stand Here Ironing," the setting is the enclosed world of this woman and her child. The outside world may be represented by employers, the woman downstairs, or the children Emily interacts with at school."
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Women Heroes, 2008.
This paper looks at women heroes portrayed on television, focusing on the series "Heroes' directed by Tim Kring.
1,053 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether women are really the heroes of current television shows. The writer then discusses the show 'Heroes' in which the heroine composedly proceeds towards her destiny of saving the world. The writer maintains that just because there are now some bona fide women heroes, this does not mean that the post feminists are correct, and feminism is now redundant. The writer concludes that when television regularly features heroes who accurately portray and reflect the diversity of real women in the world and when the real world lets women be fully developed people, then we can say it is safe to put away our feminist movement membership cards.
From the Paper
"It is surely a good thing that as women step up to put on the mantle of heroes, they bring their humanity with them. In the case of Claire, it is easy to imagine her having a mature, emotionally balanced relationship, once she is a little older. And contrary to those who vilify the rambunctious women of Sex in the City for having (admittedly many) relationships, I would suggest that having relationships with other adults is a sign of maturity and a well-rounded personality - not of being an emotionally-stunted, man-hungry slut! In addition, anyone who thinks that the women in Sex in the City are passive victims of the patriarchy should pause a moment to contrast Carrie's lifestyle, and the choices available to her, with those of another writer - Jane Austen. "
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Interdependent Waves of Feminism, 2008.
An analysis of the wave theory in feminism.
1,361 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the wave theory in feminism. The paper points out that some scholars and activists argue that this metaphor aptly describes the historical progression of feminist theory, while others explain it as a historical progression through the use of waves. This paper argues that the wave theory, because it is essentially a generational paradigm, deceptively suggests that the challenges and struggles of an earlier generation do not apply to those that succeed it. The paper then analyzes a seminal issue, from each of the three waves, that continues to reverberate today: black women and poverty, negative feminist stereotypes, and the continued demotion of a black woman's status and word.
From the Paper
"Most historians delimit the years of the first wave as those between the 1848 Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls and the ratification of the nineteenth amendment in 1920. The women that formed this generation of feminists (even though they never used that rather modern word) were concerned, above all else, with de jure political inequalities like the withholding of suffrage. However, these same women were integrally involved in the anti-slavery movement, and much of their activism aimed to alleviate the situation of African-American women in the southern states. Slavery, of course, ended after the Union's victory in the civil war, but that sad chapter in American history still reverberates loudly today, and it would not be an exaggeration to write that the trauma of that experience trickled down through the generations and is directly responsible for the social and economic predicaments that so many African-Americans find themselves facing today."
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Religion and Gender Inequality, 2008.
An analysis of the role of religion in gender discrimination, especially in Canada.
2,342 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of organized religion in ideas and practices regarding the social construction of gender. The writer believes that the three religions in the Judeo-Christian tradition, i.e. Judaism, Islam and Christianity, have helped to sustain deeply sexist cultures. The writer argues that these religions are so deeply patriarchal that reform along feminist lines is simply not possible. The writer also points out that the primary religion affecting state decisions in Canada is Christianity, although there are also many Canadian women who are kept subjugated by Islam and Judaism. In conclusion, the writer suggests that the key is to move our society as far away as possible from religious dogma of all kinds. Feminists in Canada must therefore strive to increase the separation of church and state in this country.
From the Paper
"Judaism, Islam and Christianity are similar in that they all espouse the doctrine of belief in one, very-definitely male, god. Therefore, they may be perceived as patriarchal monotheisms, based on an all-powerful, father-like God. This God varies in specifics; for example, whether he is primarily kind and loving, or primarily wrathful and vengeance-driven. However, he is much the same in all the essentials - he is all-powerful, all-seeing, omniscient, and male. Moreover, one could make a strong argument that all three of these gods are also misogynistic."
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Homophobia, 2008.
Examines ways of combating homophobia.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews approaches or programs that are designed to reduce prejudice towards homosexuals, with a view to ascertaining which are most likely to be successful. The author argues that contact with homosexuals should be increased for non-homosexuals, which should result in generally decreased homophobia. The paper concedes that it is hard to facilitate such contact, especially amongst homophobic individuals. The author recommends that a more pragmatic approach would be to offer anti-homophobic education to high school students on an ongoing basis.
From the Paper
"One method that has been successfully tried is that of educating children at high school level. For example, Greenberg (1975) found that if high school students were exposed to lectures and group discussions about homosexuality, and also listened to the recorded opinions of two gay men, their written results on a test of homophobia indicated reduced homophobia. This finding has been replicated by several researchers, including Bleich (1989); Croteau & Kusek (1992); Sears (1992); and Stevenson (1988)."
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Caribbean Women, 2008.
A review of "The Indentureship Experience" and "Feminism, Nationalism, and the Early Women's movement in the English-Speaking Caribbean" by Rhoda Reddock.
724 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses themes related to Caribbean women through a discussion of "The Indentureship Experience" and "Feminism, Nationalism, and the Early Women's movement in the English-Speaking Caribbean" by Rhoda Reddock. The paper argues that although these readings focus on different aspects of Caribbean women's studies there are a number of similar themes.
From the Paper
"Reddock argues that many of the early feminist movements in the Caribbean developed out of projects to develop economic capacity. In particular she notes that the self-help society of Jamaica and the home industries in Trinidad and Tobago developed as small operations to create jobs and allow people to earn livelihoods(Reddock 63-64)."
"The fact that feminism was linked to charitable organizations was a direct attempt to keep women out of public life. Reddock argues that these women were allowed to participate in these charities because it was not seen as a threat to patriarchal power. In fact women's participation in these organizations actually strengthened men's domination in society. This was done by linking women's public activities to activities conducted in the private sphere(Reddock 65-67)."
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A Review of Major Themes in Rothenberg, 2008.
A review of a book by P.S. Rothenberg entitled "Race, Class and Gender in the United States".
1,159 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This essay reviews the work of P.S. Rothenberg in her book entitled "Race, Class, and Gender in the United States", that focuses on power in relation to gender, race and class. The paper relates that the style of the book, which consists of short essays, provides an epiphany formulation of where you are in your thoughts regarding the subject matter of gender, race and class. The paper further relates that Rothenberg's book takes a difficult classroom subject and eases the challenge for teachers by supplying teaching material that discusses white privilege, the social construction of gender, poverty statistics, homophobia and racial profiling.
From the Paper
"Rothenberg's approach in her book entitled Race, class, and gender in the United States, focuses on power in relation to gender, race and class. The style of the book, which consists of short essays provides an epiphany formulation of where you are in your thoughts regarding the subject matter of gender, race and class. Rothenberg takes a difficult classroom subject and eases the challenge for teachers by supplying teaching material that discusses white privilege, the social construction of gender, poverty statistics, homophobia and racial profiling. Not only does she supply material for teachers she provides extra reading sources for students. Her book is classified by systems of oppression. The common thread that runs through each system of oppression is a generic list of common traits identifying immigrants in America today."
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Sexism and Canadian Women's Hockey, 2008.
This paper looks at the part played by sexism in the Canadian women's hockey field.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that today's society is based on a gender binary that requires men and women to be opposites. Men are expected to be active and aggressive; women are expected to be inactive and passive. The writer discusses that women in sports directly challenge this gender binary - they are not passive, but rather the opposite of passive. The writer maintains that women in sports are sometimes subjected to the abuse and discrimination that all gender outlaws in our society attract. The writer points out that this issue is particularly marked in Canadian women's hockey. The women's team is far more successful than the men's team and yet most people don't even know it exists. The writer discusses that women playing hockey detract from the aggressive male image associated with male hockey, while at the same time challenging every tenet of the gender binary. The writer concludes that teenagers should be taught parenting skills of which an important part should be examining and unlearning the sexism they have already learned from society.
Outline:
The Issue
Sources from the Internet
Explanation for the Issue and Plan of Action
From the Paper
"Thus, as soon as a woman is strong and brave, she is suddenly a suspect! No wonder no one pays any attention to Canada's women hockey players!
"What is the solution to this? Clearly, there has to be an education program to combat the enduring belief in biological essentialism. Children need to be taught from a very young age that all people are capable of all attributes. They need to understand that the various human qualities are a virtual smorgasbord, from which they can freely choose, regardless of their gender. They need to be exposed to role models of adults who transcend the usual norms."
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Hockey and Women, 2008.
This paper examines women's increasing inclusion and success in Canadian hockey.
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses ho,w although Canada is a liberal society based on equal rights, hockey is traditionally seen as a sport for men, since it involves power, violence and brute force. The paper first looks at Canada's long history of sexist thinking and women's growing role in hockey today. The paper then discusses the success of Canada's Olympic women's ice hockey team that indicates that traditional, sexist notions of women in sport are finally being overturned.
Outline:
Introduction
Women and Hockey
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Though the popular media is now making moves towards supporting and encouraging women's participation in ice hockey, it is true that the sport in Canada has a long history of sexist thinking. Sports observers have even acknowledged that women were certainly a late inclusion in the world of "masculine" sports. Such voices include Gruneau and Whitson (1994), authors of the book "Hockey Night in Canada". Gruneau and Whitson acknowledge that women have painstakingly made their way in the hockey arena after fighting decades of repression and sexist stereotyping. As the authors attest, it was more than a hundred years after hockey was born that women were finally recognized as potential players."
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Equality in Japan and China, 2008.
This paper discusses the influence of western civilization on the social status of women in Japan and China.
2,786 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the role of women in Japan and China has undergone a significant change due to the profound influence of Western culture in these Asian countries. This paper examines the history of the social status of both Japanese and Chinese women, and looks at how that status has changed and evolved over the years as the West has imposed its values on both countries' citizens. The writer argues that Japanese and Chinese women have experienced both positive and negative outcomes in social equality due to the impact of Western civilization on these two Eastern powers, however, the positives far outweigh the negatives.
Outline:
Introduction
Japanese Women prior to World War II
Post World War II Japanese Women
Chinese women and their status after the influence of Western culture
The Social Equality of Japanese and Chinese Women
Negative social outcomes due to Western influence
Japan
China
Refuting the Negative Social Outcomes Due to Western Influence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Overall, women in Japan and China today experience much more social equality than their mothers and grandmothers ever did. Each great Eastern power was under the influence of Confucius and the old customs that made women subservient to their husbands, and even to their eldest sons.
"Since Western standards of gender equality have encroached the East, women in both Japan and China have had a much greater opportunity for education. This is evident in the sharply increased female enrollment at the university level in both powers."
"The glass ceiling for women not only exists for women in Japan and China, but also is still an issue in the United States. Nonetheless, there are increased opportunities within the work place due to higher academic achievement among Japanese and Chinese women. Women are now in government offices in both powers and greater opportunities will no doubt abound in time."
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Body Images in GQ and Vogue, 2008.
This paper discusses magazine body images focusing on the ideas of active men and idle women.
972 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that magazine advertisements employ a wide array of methods to catch the easily distracted eye and send, within the brief period in which the reader actually looks at the ad, sophisticated messages about body images. The writer analyzes the implicit body image messages present in two very different magazines--one for a male audience, the other for female readers. The writer points out that the central argument is that male ads usually focus on the man's functional worth, as a worker, driver, or the like, while ads for women normally emphasize the woman's beauty and aesthetic value. The writer concludes that the message portrayed in the ads is that the worth of a man's body is relative to its utility and functioning power while a woman's body is measured by the tyrannical criteria of beauty.
Outline:
Introduction
GQ Ads
Versace suit ad
The designer shirt ads
Women's ads in Vogue Paris
A. Dining woman ad
B. The "Mountain Woman"
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The top half of this specific ad (GQ 219) advertises an expensive designer shirt and, at first glance, the dinner table scenario seems fairly ordinary. However, this seemingly inoffensive ad reveals the same characteristics as the ad mentioned above. In it, a chiseled-faced male is dexterously carving and arranging the meal's meat course. His skilful performance with the instruments sparks the admiration of his attractive companion, who sits close to him and stares at his working hands with unqualified admiration. In the bottom half of the ad, this same couple is seated in a car (this ad, too, advertises the same garment) and it is not surprising to see that the man is operating the steering wheel while his companion looks on. These are not, obviously, incidental poses, and the proclivity to focus on the body's functioning abilities: driving, working, cutting, rather than on its aesthetic characteristics is clearly discernable in a large number of GQ's advertisements."
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