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Transgender, 2007.
This paper examines the history of transgender in the United States.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that issues involving human sexuality are often not openly discussed in society. The writer points out that this is particularly true when issues of sexuality are not viewed as normal or not acceptable to many people in a society. In recent years issues pertaining to homosexuality are more openly discussed, however the subject of transgender is often misunderstood and in most cases not discussed at all. The writer examines the history of transgender in the United States, beginning by defining transgender. This article includes information concerning gender reassignment surgery and hormone therapy.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining Transgender
History of Transgender in the United States
Sexual Reassignment Surgery and Hormone Replacement
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The author also acknowledges that there are unique laws that must be created to address the concerns of transgender people. This includes laws related to restrooms, shower facilities and locker rooms. These are places where nudity may be unavoidable and the sensitivities of both transgender and non-transgender people are considered. For the most part many states have adapted laws for these facilities that insist that a transgender individual must have already had surgery to change sexual organs before entering into a facility that is opposite their birth gender. In other words, a person who was born a man but identifies as a female cannot go into a female restroom unless the reassignment surgery has already taken place."
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Same-Sex Marriages, 2007.
This paper argues that, after examining both sides of the issue, same-sex marriages should not be allowed because they do not fit the criteria for a legal partnership according to the U.S. Constitution.
2,980 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, despite the various re-definitions of the term "marriage", from a legal standpoint, only "civil unions" or legal marriages offer the full package of federal benefits and protections. The author points out that case law concerning same-sex marriage is contradictory and contains inconsistent rulings from state to state and that the court cannot decide how to apply the federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) or even if DOMA is constitutional. The paper concludes that, although progress in certain states had been made to allow for same-sex marriages, a majority of the country still agrees that same-sex marriages go against established moral codes and ethics.
Table of Contents:
Weighing the Facts on Same-Sex Marriage
What's the Big Deal about Federal Recognition?
A Question of Culture
DOMA and Case Law
Rethinking Marriage: An Argument for Same-Sex Marriages
Arguments against Same-Sex Marriage
From the Paper
"Regardless of the logical arguments proposed by those in favor of same sex marriage, homosexuality is considered a sin by many religions. There are many that feel it would weaken family ties and values. They also feel that we would have to take a step backward in society and reexamine issues such as polygamy and other types of marriage, in all fairness. Legal actions of the past several years reflect the sentiment of a majority of the American people. The American people stand clear, same-sex marriage violates the very moral ethics upon which this country was founded."
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Myths and Misconceptions about Prostitution, 2007.
This paper looks at the world's oldest profession and discusses myths and misconceptions about prostitution.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that prostitutes who worked on the streets have historically been controlled and regulated by law. The writer discusses that prior to World War I, under English or American law, however, even though prostitution did not constitute a legal offense in either English or American common law, prostitution was routinely regulated as vagrancy. The writer points out that some people who do not understand how prostitution works may consider prostitution to be a "victim-less crime" and note a minute percentage who may prostitute themselves by choice. The writer concludes that for most, however, their involvement is tragic.
Paper includes approximately 20 additional pages of researched information.
Table of Contents:
The World's Oldest Profession
A Victim-less crime?
Sex for Sale around the World
Myths, Misconceptions and Fallacies
Countering Myths and Fallacies with Facts
Costs of Prostitution
Mutual Indifference between Partners
A Multibillion Dollar Industry
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In China, prostitution has survived more than 2,000 years in Chinese society, despite social and economic systems' changes, laws, and societal stances about marriage, women and sex. Official sanctions regarding prostitution, as well as, the definition of prostitution have changed, reflecting different dynasty's contexts. During the 1950s, the Communist government exterminated the "sex-for-sale" business in China by implementing strong sanctions against prostitution rings' kingpins and pimps. At the same time, vigorous efforts were made to rehabilitate former prostitutes and vices such as prostitution were not visible in China from the 1950s to the 1970s. During the 1980s, however, prostitution surfaced again."
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Violent Homophobia in the U.S., 2007.
This paper looks at the proliferation of antisocial behavior against gay people, examines theories related to homophobia, and reports on the research available.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper reports on problems with violence against gays in the military and in everyday life, explaining that it is basically a "hate crime", but does not receive the same status in all areas of the country. The author points out that one of several reasons offered why a person might develop a belligerent attitude toward gay people is the Freudian notion that, since all children have repressed yet strong attractions to their "same-sex parent", later in life the male individual puts up a defense against that attraction in the form of hatred towards men who engage in homosexual activities. The paper explains that other reasons are that anti-gay persons are not likely to have had any personal contact with gays and that many gay "bashers" have grown up with parents and church influences that identify gays as mentally ill child molesters.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
From the Paper
"Van Der Meer describes most violent perpetrators in Western cultures as having had a "rite of passage" that takes three phases. The first, he doesn't "give a shit about anything," rejects parental leadership, and feels as if he is a "nobody"; the second phase is the "liminal period," the so-called "group solidarity" during which he is "forced to participate." The group may begin in a bar simply joking about gays, then actually see one, and while attacking a gay man, nobody in the group can back out lest he be rejected from the solidarity."
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Northern Ireland, 2007.
An in-depth look at the political role of women in Northern Ireland.
9,691 words (approx. 38.8 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the manner in which women in Northern Ireland have contributed to party politics over the past thirty years of conflict, more commonly known as 'the troubles'. More Specifically the paper investigates feminist theory as well as sociology theories related to the political participation of women. The investigation also seeks to answer the various questions concerning women's roles in Northern Ireland.
Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Framework: Feminist and Sociology Theories
Background of Conflict
The Women's Movement in Northern Ireland: Politics and Religion
Why So Few Women?
Do Women Compete Differently From Men or Do They Emulate Men?
What Has Women's Contribution Been Towards the Peace Process?
Discussions and Conclusions
From the Paper
"According to O'day (1996), the women's movement in Northern Ireland has, like any other movement in the region, attempted to confront the divisions that exist as it relates to national identity. In addition, there has been a great deal of speculation in regards to the correlation between gender and national identity. The author asserts that feminists who desire to prioritize women's issues assert that the divisiveness related to national identity has also had and divisive impact on the issues that are unique to women. In addition the differences between nationalists and unionists thought and the differences between Catholic and Protestant standards has been debilitating to the women's movement in Northern Ireland. In fact the author points out that it is usually the "Irish question" or the question of "whose side are you on?" is at the root of the divisions. This concept can be found in Derry Women's Aid in Spare Rib in response to a question concerning the correlation between feminism and the national question: "The uncritical support given by some English feminists to the nationalist struggle being waged here in N.I. is of little help to us, or indeed, to the women of the whole of Ireland," which not only serves to "to divide women along the traditional Orange and Green," but also "results in a lack of attention to the feminist issues (O'Day, 1998)."
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Gender Roles and Children, 2007.
A discussion regarding the factors that contribute to gender stereotypes.
966 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the issues that influence children and shape traditional gender roles. The paper also reviews articles that discuss gender stereotyping. According to the paper, parental influence and social pressures are the two main factors that determine gender roles.
From the Paper
"Throughout history, gender and gender stereotypes have played a substantial role in the development of social attitudes towards women and men. The Web site www.minddisorders.com points out that in the 1800s, the industrial revolution brought dramatic changes to gender roles; men began going off to work and earning money, transferable to goods and services. The work women did, though, was "not transferable"; prior to the industrial movement, men and women often engaged in the same tasks, working a farm or a homestead, and things were equal and shared. So, men's relative independence gave them influence and power, while women were kept at home and stereotypes were attached to them as frail, domestic, suited for child rearing and cooking."
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Male and Female Students, 2007.
This paper discusses gender differences in the educational system from a sociological viewpoint.
1,004 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper explains why male and female students have different interests in terms of academics as well as different levels of achievement and expectations. The paper reveals the inherent differences between male and female students, most notably the longer attention span of females. The paper notes, however, that the biggest factor determining the attitudes of these students are those imposed upon them by their parents, teachers and society.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Are Girls Really Smarter Than Boys?
Attitudes and Expectations
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is commonly believed that male and female students have quite different perceptions one from the other as to what the educational system will imbue in their lives and often their own individual expectations are quite different from the expectations placed upon them by their friends, family and teachers. It is generally agreed upon that male and female students have different academic interests and that they achieve on different levels. With all of this in mind then surely their expectations and experiences within the educational institution must be quite different one from the other as well."
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House on Mango Street, 2007.
This paper discusses the novel, 'The House on Mango Street' by Sandra Cisneros.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the novel, 'The House on Mango Street' by Sandra Cisneros. The writer points out that this is a story about the typical struggles of a Hispanic family. The writer relates that it is a picture of the various problems that many Hispanic women face in society today such as domination by men, and notes that the novel shows how women are viewed as objects and rarely valued for what they think and feel on the inside. The writer maintains that Sandra Cisneros wrote this novel so that the reader may understand the struggles and feelings of the Hispanic woman. This paper discusses how Sandra Cisneros describes the true struggles of Hispanic women in the context of a fictitious story.
From the Paper
"In 'House on Mango Street', women are viewed as objects by men regardless of whether they are boyfriends, friends fathers or husbands. The women are similar to the man's possession. The young girls in the novel grow up with the mentality that looks and appearance are the most important things to a woman and that what they think and feel on the inside is irrelevant. Another sample of this masculine possession is when Cisneros also shows how Latino women are expected to be loyal to their husbands, and that a husband should have complete control of the marriage. Yet on the other hand, Cisneros describes the main character; Esperanza as not being like the typical Hispanic woman. She is different. Even though Esperanza is born and raised in the same Hispanic culture as the women around her, she is not happy with it, and knows that someday she will break free from its ties, because she is mentally strong and has a talent for telling stories."
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Gender Identity Disorder, 2007.
This paper discusses current treatment strategies for patients affected by gender identity disorder.
2,716 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a review of the literature and recommendations for practitioners. The paper shows how gender identity disorder (GID) treatment for children is inclusive of individual and group therapy and also separate individual and group therapy for parents. The paper relates that GID treatment for adults is also inclusive of therapy in addition to hormone therapy and reassignment surgery. The paper discusses how the research indicates that there is still a great deal that is unknown about GID. The paper maintains that practitioners must attempt treatments that have realized some positive outcomes.
Outline:
Introduction
Definition of Gender Identity Disorder
Children with GID
Treatments for Children With GID
Adults with GID
Treatments for Adults with GID
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Natioanl Institutes of Health explains that the symptoms of GID in children include a disdain for their own genetalia, a desire to be the opposite sex, depression, rejection, isolation and anxiety. The symptoms of adult with GID include wanting to destory their genitals, dressing as the opposite sex, the desire to live their life as the opposite sex, rejection, depression and anxiety(Gender Identity Disorder). Now that we have garnered a greater understanding of GID, let us focus on the impact of GID on both children and adults and the treatments that are available for both children and adults."
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Human Sexuality, 2007.
An analysis of the article, "Sexuality in Older Adults: A Deconstructionist Perspective" by Beverly Huffstetler.
1,037 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a discussion about an article concerning sexuality in older adults. The writer explores the article, "Sexuality in Older Adults: A Deconstructionist Perspective" by Beverly Huffstetler. It outlines the article's content and conclusion with regard to the sexuality of older people. The paper presents the writer's personal reactions to the content of the article. It also includes, as an appendix, a copy of the original article.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Throughout modern history, the issue of sexuality has always belonged to the young. Commercials, television shows, and movies have worked to build a strong case for human sexuality in those who are under retirement age. While it was acknowledged in passing that order people are capable of feeling and having sexual relations it was usually a topic that was ignored. In more recent years however, human sexuality among older people has moved to the forefront of attention. Commercials advertising pills that can help sustain erection, advertisers for doctors that treat erectile dysfunction and other vehicles have made the world realize that the older generation is still interested in sex. As researchers begin to examine this fact one study looks at all aspects of human sexuality in people over the age of 65, and concludes it is part of a healthy and fulfilled lifestyle. The article explores the myths of society present in the thinking about older adults and sexuality."
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Sexual Harassment, 2007.
This paper explains why the problem of sexual harassment deserves special consideration in the healthcare industry.
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the healthcare industry has the dubious distinction of being one of the top industries, if not the number one industry, where sexual harassment is the most prevalent. The writer relates that across the board, nearly half of female nurses, physicians and students report that they have been harassed. The writer points out that a number of factors unique to the healthcare industry contribute to this problem including gender-based segregation, unequal gender representation, and the lower status, prestige and power of many female healthcare workers. The writer maintains that because of these industry-specific dynamics, the healthcare industry will have to do more than follow industry best practices. The writer claims that it will also need to take a more active role in attracting males into the nursing profession, attracting more women physicians in general and encouraging women physicians to select historically male specialties.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Scope of the Sexual Harassment Problem
The Root Causes of the Sexual Harassment Problem
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"There are many studies that confirm the tremendous scope of the sexual harassment problem in the healthcare industry. Physicians and nurses alike encounter harassment. A large national survey revealed that 47.7 percent of all women physicians had experienced gender-based harassment, harassment from being a minority in a male environment. The same survey showed that 36.9 percent of these women had experience more severe sexual harassment, harassment having a sexual or physical element. In a study of 188 critical care nurses, forty-six percent reported sexual harassment, including offensive sexual remarks, unwanted physical contact, unwanted verbal attention, requests for unwanted dates, sexual propositions and physical assault. Sandbeg, McNiel and Binder discovered that an overwhelming majority of these incidents went unreported. Physicians accounted for the largest percentage of offenders, followed by co-workers, and supervisors."
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The Effects of Barbie, 2007.
This paper provides a critical review of the effect of Barbie on girls age five to eight.
879 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer critically reviews research published by H. Dittmar, E. Halliwell, and S. Ive on the effects Barbie has on the body image of five- to eight-year-old girls. This paper summarizes key findings, identifies strengths and weaknesses of the research, assesses the quality of the research and suggests areas for additional future research. The writer concludes that Barbie does have a negative impact on the body image of young girls, 5 1/2 - 6 1/2 and 6 1/2 -7 1/2 years old. However, the writer maintains that by the time girls are 7 1/2 to 8 1/2 these same negative impacts are more influenced by size-16 Emme. The writer concludes that there are a lot of societal influences other than the dolls that are causing negative body images in young girls.
From the Paper
"The results of the study were different for different ages, 5 1/2 - 6 1/2 , 6 1/2 -7 1/2 and 7 1/2 -8 1/2, revealing differences in the way girls though they looked and the way they wanted to look after seeing certain images. For example, the youngest group, age 5 1/2 to 6 1/2, shown the Barbie picture books wished they were thinner and disliked their bodies more than girls of the same age who viewed other images. These results were even more pronounced for girls 6 1/2 to 7 1/2. Further, this age group desired more extreme thinness as adults than girls the same age who viewed images other than Barbie and the girls 5 1/2 - 6 1/2 who had also viewed Barbie pictures. The 7 1/2 - 8 1/2 age group were affected by the Emme images and not the Barbie images. The girls who viewed Emme wanted a thinner body shape for the adult figure than girls viewing other images."
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Stereotypes, 2007.
A discussion regarding stereotypes, focusing on old age and homosexuality.
1,003 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the issue of stereotypes. The paper focuses on the aging and homosexual communities, to provide examples of stereotyping. According to the paper, not all older people have hearing problems, forget all the time, live in nursing homes, refrain from sex and have stopped learning. The paper further reports that gays are not "made" gay by the person who raises them nor are all gay men after nothing but sex.
From the Paper
"This common misconception of older people as poor, frail, fearful, depressed, idle, unwanted and selfish does not agree with their self-perception. Lou Harris and Associates compared the public's expectations of the problems connected with aging to the responses of older people about their actual problems (Fugate and Lamdin). On all these commonly agreed upon ideas about aging, public expectations were dramatically more negative than by what older people said: 77 percent of older people do not fear crime; 79 percent consider themselves in good health; 85 percent have enough money; 88 percent are not lonely; 93 percent feel needed; and 94 percent keep busy. Nor, does the mind go quickly as one becomes older, with great forgetfulness, lack of learning ability and senility."
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Gender Differences in Education, 2007.
This paper discusses ways of improving the academic performance of males in early childhood education.
2,232 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that boys are failing at alarming rates in an educational system that, the paper contends, has been wrongly attempting to implement gender neutrality. The paper reveals that there is substantial evidence of extreme differences between the very biological make-up of the brains of boys and girls. The paper explains how these differing natural tendencies of boys and girls affect the way they learn. The paper maintains that educators must begin to teach children in the manner in which their brains actually function.
From the Paper
"Historically speaking the gender differences in education have been under-recognized if not overtly ignored throughout the establishment of early childhood education as a specialty within education. Additionally, the field of educators has been traditionally and currently gendered toward women, and this is especially true in the lower grades. (Sargent, 2004, p. 173) Though this is not to say that women are incapable of teaching young boys, given the training to do so it does leave some questions as to the validity of the thinking process that helps develops everything from curriculum to day to day classroom interactions between young boys and their peers as well as their teachers, and limits male role models in the system significantly."
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Interpretations of Islam, 2007.
This paper discusses interpretations of Islam, focusing on the topics of gender and family.
1,975 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that within the varying interpretations of Islam there are many different views on the institution of marriage. The writer specifically looks at the number of wives one is allowed or sanctified to have, the wearing of the veil by women and lastly female circumcision. The writer notes that these varied interpretations have led to varied applications and laws that dictate the diversity of the very mildest forms of the application of these ideas to the most extreme applications.
Outline:
Introduction: Differing interpretations of Islam
Introduction: Marriage
Polygamy
Interpretation 1
Interpretation 2
The Veil
Interpretation 1
Interpretation 2
Female Circumcision
Interpretation 1
Interpretation 2
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The variations of the veil, worn by women in Islam are many. There is in fact no better direct visual representation of the varying interpretations of the Quran, than the variations of the veil, especially with regard to a limited western view. In more progressive Islamic communities the veil is nothing but a light scarf worn by women to cover their hair and their shoulders. While in its most conservative form, the Burka or hijab, the entire person becomes swallowed by a large heavy garment that covers them from the top of their head to the tips of their toes, and allows vision only through an elaborate lace screened slit over the eyes. The Quranic interpretations abound differing cultural identities, and as has been seen in some fundamental reaffirmations, such as by the Taliban in Afghanistan the affirmation of the fundamentalist can often be a very visible enforcement of more restrictive codes toward women. Prior to the time of the Taliban Afghanistan had been a rather progressive Islamic nation, where women were educated and employed and changes were extreme, for both men and women. A lesson to be learned from this involves the acknowledgement that a form of protection, in the Quran was interpreted in many extreme ways to create a situation of forced social order and conservatism, and the situation was stark in many ways, not just in its treatment of women."
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