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Women, Work and Equality, 2008.
A look at the the argument that women still have a long way to go in order to gain equality in society.
2,276 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
Although many things have changed for women in the last century, the full equality between the genders has not been achieved. This paper l argues that this is because women are still paid less then men for corresponding jobs, that they are underrepresented in certain professions and in more prestigious positions with power, and that they often do the 'second shift' of housework which is undervalued. The paper looks at how women still form the major part of part-time and temporary workforce, and women and men are occupationally segregated, with women concentrated in jobs stereotyped as "women's jobs" (nursing, clerical child care, retail). The paper also examines how women are poorly presented in science, computer science and engineering occupations, which are often very prestigious and well paid and how this job inequality is rooted in the broader social inequality, which separates boys and girls from an early age, and which still sharply defines male and female roles with the family and society at large.
From the Paper
"One of the biggest indicators of the lack of equality between men and women is the fact that women are still paid less then men for corresponding jobs. Women earn about 30% less than men do in corresponding full time jobs (Nelson, 2006). The figures are similar according to Statistics Canada (2000) "Women generally have lower incomes than men. In 1997, the average annual pretax income for women aged 15 and over from all sources was $19,800, just 62% the figure for men". On the other hand, Davies et al (1996) show that the wage gaps are smaller among younger age groups, nevertheless, "Women earn between 62% and 65% of what men earn" (Wilson, 2005) and "the gender wage gap is widespread and exists in all occupational categories" (Nelson, 2006)."
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Marxist, Feminist and Liberal Approaches, 2008.
This paper provides a comparison of Marxist, feminist and liberal approaches to social policy in Canada from the First Nations period to the present
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Marxist, liberal, and feminist approaches share a pivotal characteristic in common in that all three are concerned with the needs of the oppressed. However, the writer discusses that although these approaches are similar in certain respects, they are basically quite distinct in their identification of which social and economic needs are to be given priority, their proposed solutions to social problems, and in implementation of solutions. The writer points out that the liberal approach is especially distinct from the other two approaches since the term 'oppressed' does not so adequately fit. This paper focuses on the socioeconomic context and salient issues in New France in order to apply and illustrate those three approaches.
From the Paper
"The Marxist approach would also maintain that the state operates as a means for social control and that it serves he purposes of emerging commercial capitalism. In addition, creating a program of social services may be somewhat empowering but it also oppresses people. Another Marxist criticism of the liberal approach would be that the liberal goals of social security would impose a severe burden on habitants who were already paying a tithe to the Church. As far as the Marxist approach is concerned, the work by religious orders and especially by nuns served to promote and reinforce the class system. Nuns' origins ranged from the nobility to wealthy backgrounds, and class differences were also observed in school programs which conformed to a social hierarchy."
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Same-Sex Marriage, 2008.
A look at the argument against same-sex marriage.
729 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in a modern world, those who argue for or against same sex-marriage often fail to realize that marriage is about creating life. It contends that human beings must protect the creation of life as a natural process, lest the scientists that are developing clones and test tube babies acquire the power to control existence on the earth and how for this reason same-sex marriage cannot be acknowledged as comparable to traditional marriages.
From the Paper
"Leslie supports this philosophy by contending that the purpose behind traditional marriage is primarily for the man and woman to create life (sec. 1). Leslie argues that many people within society today view marriage as a means of finding personal gratification only and that this belief is a minor detail in comparison the reality that married couples have the ability to continue the existence of the human race (sec. 1). By focusing on personal pleasure as the reason for marriage to exist, society is failing to understand the significance of marriage as it pertains to the future of the world and those that will lead it. "
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Feminism Defined, 2008.
The paper examines the articles, "Third wave Feminism: Antiracists, Transnationalists and Young Feminists Speak Out" by Angela Miles, Goli Rezai-Rashti and Lisa Byrn Rundle and the article "Women's Political Citizenship: Different and Equal" by Ruth Liste
1,397 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at two articles with the goal of finding a workable definition of feminism. The paper examines "Third wave Feminism: Antiracists, Transnationalists and Young Feminists Speak Out" by Miles, Rezai-Rashti and Rundle and "Women's Political Citizenship: Different and Equal" by Lister. The writer concludes with a definition of a feminist.
From the Paper
"At first sight, the two articles, "Third wave Feminism: Antiracists, Transnationalists, and Young Feminists Speak Out" by Miles, Rezai-Rashti, and Rundle, and Lister's article "Women's Political Citizenship: Different and Equal," seem to be very different. However, I found that in the course of reading the two articles I was able to make considerable progress towards answering a key question that is of acute importance to me, i.e. "What is feminism?" This might seem like a facile question, but in fact it is not. For it goes to the very heart of why one would choose to be a feminist at all. Unless the term "feminist" has some real meaning in today's world, there would be no point in being a feminist. I am frequently confronted with this question, when friends ask me why I am a feminist."
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Male and Female Cultures, 2008.
This paper looks at the male and female gender as different cultures.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that two cultures that are quite different, but that have historically been compared and contrasted to one another, exist in the male and female genders. The writer notes that females have consistently struggled to be equal partners within the social order, while males have had the freedom to control the lives of those within their families, community and the larger governmental arena. The writer maintains that differences in culture have shaped the beliefs of those within them and constructed a society that supports the ideology that different genders should have different social standings. The writer concludes that regardless of the battles for equality that have taken place throughout history, the female gender is still a culture that is oppressed and that is fighting to be considered as equal partners with their male counterparts in the social order.
From the Paper
"While women's rights improved to some degree, they have never equaled the rights known to men, nor have women been capable of being viewed as complete equals in the social order. At the current time there are more women controlling major companies in the United States and it is believed that the "glass ceiling" that exists for women in business is being removed. Yet, this situation pertains to only some women and the culture of women is continuing to be oppressed in multiple ways. This includes women that have been left as single parent mothers, supporting the household alone; the extensive numbers of women that are forced to exist in poverty because of a lack of opportunities to change their economic standing in the social order; and the minimal representation of women in the government."
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Women in 19th Century America, 2008.
The paper discusses how women were treated as second class citizens in America in the latter half of the 19th century.
1,302 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at how, by 1863, women in the US were beginning to influence the economy due in large part to the Civil War and the shortage of male labor. The paper looks at how many men, however, endorsed the societal norm of the time that a woman's rightful place was in the home. The paper describes how women starting their own businesses found it very hard to secure adequate credit to start and expand their businesses. The paper portrays how even resourceful women were relegated by societal norms to the role of glorified housekeeper.
From the Paper
"One has to only look at the Declaration of Sentiments issued at the end of The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 for historical proof that women were treated as second class citizens in America in the latter half of the 19th century.1 If women were in fact treated legally, politically and socially as men's equals, there would have been no convention, no one hundred and fifty plus year feminist movement in America. Women may well have made only limited progress in the subsequent half century in elevating their status, but there is ample evidence that it was not for lack of trying."
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Gendered Cultural Identity, 2007.
This paper is a personal narration of a female student living in Canada, which explores the author's gendered cultural identify and relates it to anthropological and sociological theory.
2,640 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper expresses the belief that a gendered, cultural identity narration plays a useful role in finding or defining one's own identity with the caveat that identity is constantly evolving and being dynamically recreated. The author uses the falsity of the assumption that "all Canadians are peaceable" as an example of a ludicrous theory that a particular trait can represent the culture of an entire nation of people. The paper discuses the author's different experiences of being a woman and notes that economic discrimination against women in Canada is far more subtle than in Third World countries because women have the protection of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The paper relates that, growing up in a Third World country as a white, where she was assumed to be 'Westernized', resulted in experiences unlike Black and Chicana feminists. The paper includes quotations.
From the Paper
"As I have had the experience of being both a Third-World feminist and a First-World feminist, am I now a Third-World feminist or a First-World feminist? Narayan states that she chooses to call herself a Third-World feminist because many of her formative experiences took place in this context. This seems to me to be a valid point of view. While I cannot reduce my identity to simply "Third-World feminist," I can certainly see that many of my experiences growing up moulding me into a feminist - and perhaps more of a committed feminist than I might otherwise have been, ..."
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Gender Differences, 2008.
A look at differences in gender based on the evaluation
of two popular magazines.
1,242 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how although there are magazines that try to appeal to both sex audiences, most aim at one side or the other. It examine the differences between "Mens Life: What Matters to Men" and "Ladies Home Journal" magazines and explores how each portray the opposite sex as well as gender.
From the Paper
"Both magazines are tasteful magazines that appeal equally to the intended audience of males and females from the age range of late twenties to early fifties. The Mens Life magazine focus is mainly on the career of the man and financial stability. Ladies Home Journal focuses on the family aspects of women and managing the home life with their career. The difference between the focus of both is very much seated in the gender roles that are expected of both sexes. Males are expected to be the breadwinner and contribute the majority of the financial means to the family."
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Homosexuality and Roman Catholic Youth, 2008.
This paper reviews an article by Fr Robert Mattingly SJ entitled 'Gay Adolescents in Catholic Schools - Avoiding the Topic Won't Make It Go Away' printed in "Momentum".
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Fr. R. Mattingly, in his 2004 article in "Momentum", stresses that sex scandals within the Roman Catholic Church have forced attention on matters of sexuality that the Church has rarely wished to discuss beyond firm moralizing positions. The author points out that, although the Church still discusses homosexual acts as sinful, Mattingly reminds the reader of the stronger discussion of how all human beings are created in the image of God. The paper relates that, rather than criticizing homosexuality or failing to discuss it, the Church school community should ensure that gay students receive the inclusion and support they need. The author stresses that Mattingly also feels strongly that Roman Catholic schools should be sure that students can discuss matters of sexuality, homosexuality and heterosexuality.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Hazards of Ignoring Homosexuality
Whose Child is it Anyway?
A Positive Environment and Acceptance
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Accordingly to Mattingly, teachers and other adults must understand what happens when a homosexual youth is not included, not understood or denounced in different ways. When gay students are not given proper support they will experience self-destructive emotions and engage in self-destructive behaviors as what seems a usual set of results. He refers to social scientific research to explain that 40 percent or more of homeless youths in the United States are homosexuals, many of them engaged in substance abuse or confirmed addicts, and that many become HIV positive."
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Family Life in Pakistan, 2008.
An analysis of the roles of various members of a Pakistani family and the importance of the family unit.
840 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance and the set up of the family unit in Pakistan. It discusses the role of the biradari within the family and looks at the way that marriages are arranged and celebrated. It then considers the importance of sons within the family unit and describes the treatment of women in Pakistani families in the past and during the present times.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
The Role of Families in Pakistan
Marriage in Pakistan
Treatment of Women in Pakistan
From the Paper
"The role of the family is important in Pakistan because it is the basic organization in Pakistan. Families often consist of grandparents, parents, siblings, and other relatives who all live in one house with the focus on the male kin or biradari (Pakistan Tradition Kinship 2006). The importance of the family life is seen in how the biradari celebrate different life events including births, deaths, and major holidays. The importance of the biradari cannot be understated because it offers poor family members loans and even provides a dowry for poorer families (Pakistan Traditional Kinship 2006). When parents cannot provide for the family, often the biradari steps in to help different parts of the family. In Pakistan, the elderly are respected and children are considered gifts from God (Family Life 2006). This is especially true of male children. Sons are considered important because they will provide for their mothers, while females are considered a liability and their innocence must be protected (Pakistan Traditional Kinship 2006). When studying the country of Pakistan, it is important to consider the role of marriage and its value to the people."
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Alan Moore's Comic Book Creations, 2008.
A content analysis of three works by Alan Moore: "Watchmen", "Tom Strong", and "Top 10".
2,312 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the charge that superhero comic books are invariably sexist in their production and speak to deep-seated and traditional gender stereotypes. Historically, the writer argues that this has been almost exclusively the case, with some notable, if controversial, exceptions such as Wonder Woman. However, content analysis of three works by Alan Moore, 'Watchmen', 'Tom Strong' and 'Top 10', illustrate that it is possible to appropriate the traditionally sexist imagery of the superhero genre and utilize it to call attention to the gender stereotypes that permeate much of the comic book industry. The writer notes that Moore's work has progressively satirized tropes in the superhero genre and have helped, inadvertently or not, through satire to call attention to the wealth of sexism apparent in portrayals of women in comics. The writer maintains that the implication of this hypothesis is that there may be an emerging trend toward the dissolution of traditional gender stereotypes in comic books.
Outline:
Introduction
Aim and Rationale
Content Analysis as a Methodological Approach
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings, Discussion, and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Content analysis is the approach by which one examines a particular cultural text, and critically examines it to unearth specific socio-cultural trends and realities. Some might question this as a viable research method. After all, how useful is a critical analysis of comic books, when one is talking about a pervasive problem such as sexism? How can content analyses of popular movies add anything pertinent to contemporary discussions of poverty in Western nations?"
"The reality is, however, that cultural productions--such as novels, movies, and even comic books--can be powerful, if unintentional portals into the manifestations of cultural trends. Culture and society is really little more than the way in which people interact with one another and the artifacts that they create in the process. These artifacts might be songs or books or movies or ephemeral speeches and behaviors. But what they all share in common is an innate reflection of the socio-cultural trends and attitudes possessed by their creators or society at large. In other words, targeted content analysis of items such as comic books can reveal important information about the attitudes and beliefs of the society in which those particular artifacts were created."
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Life in A Sinhalese Village, 2008.
This paper paints a picture of the society in a Sinhalese village, Sri Lanka.
702 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the ritual practices common in Sinhalese villages, specifically, the art of "devil dancing". The paper points out the Sinhalese respect and fear for the unknown and abstract. The paper looks at the disparity in formal education systems, the role of family in Sinhalese society and the contested role of women.
Outline:
Ritual Practices-The Devil Dance
Formal Education
Kinship
The Independent Woman
From the Paper
"A large majority of the people of Sri Lanka pratice Buddhism or a synthesis of Buddhism and Hindusim. But throughout history, folk cults stemmed from cultural traditions with beings and deities of supernatural powers that influence day-to-day lives of the people have also been integrated into the Buddhist practices of Sinhalese villages (Baker 39). A great deal of emphasis is placed upon the complex and elaborate rituals needed to pacify evil spirits and to appease the benevolent deities. Although this practice is not condoned by the Buddhist temples, there is a large following of these rituals, especially in the Sinhalese villages."
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Institutionalized Sexism in the Workplace, 2008.
An analysis of the environmental, cultural and structural factors relating to sexism in the workplace.
2,239 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses important environmental, cultural and structural factors that relate to North American private sector organizations. It also questions how Canadian organizational cultures may differ from those found elsewhere in North America. The paper then focuses on the expectations and aspirations of Canadian women vis-a-vis women in the workplace and the bias they face.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
A Changed Environment
Organizations as Machines
Culture and Aspiration
Sociologists and Questions
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
" As Deborah Brandt's compelling work reveals, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has certainly produced a re-gendering of labour towards the abject exploitation of very poor women who will never know the confines of institutional or organizational employment, never lament that higher studies or qualifications earn them a 10 or 15 percent pay difference, or that they cannot reach a board of directors. (2000) These matters can seem much more important for sociologists to discuss when examining power in relation to institutions that need to be examined in their much greater, macro-systemic and environmental meanings. The stronger questions of gendered labour would seem those involving women - and men - for whom labour and access to paltry wages are matters of life and death."
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Women, Domestic Violence and Alcohol Abuse, 2008.
This paper explores how a sociological perspective can help women who are victims of domestic violence and alcohol abuse.
1,318 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how many women in our society are abused in the domestic sphere, as well as suffer from a dependency on alcohol. The paper highlights how social institutions need to change in order for women to start having a greater sense of their own identity. The paper explains that this would be directly connected to lowering the chances of women being victims of domestic abuse and becoming dependent on drugs and alcohol.
From the Paper
"Today, many women in our society are abused in the domestic sphere, as well as suffer from a dependency on alcohol. For instance, one third of all alcoholics are women. In this context, it is important to point out that alcoholism has traditionally been seen as a greater shame for women than for men. Indeed, in the past, most women were in the home and that is why alcoholism was less likely to be identified in women. But overall, women were perceived to be more "moral" than men, and they were held up to a higher ideal. It is important to understand this cultural aspect, since it leads us to understand how a sociological perspective can ultimately help women who are victims of domestic violence and alcohol abuse."
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"Is Homosexuality Unnatural?", 2008.
An analysis of Burton Leiser's "Is Homosexuality Unnatural?"
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how Burton Leiser's "Is Homosexuality Unnatural?" examines the claim by many theologians and moralists that homosexuality is, at its core unnatural, and how they use this claim as a rationale for their condemnation of the practice. The paper discusses how it is Leiser's goal to posit and analyze a variety of characterizations of homosexuality to determine if there is anyway by which we can say that homosexuality is "unnatural."
From the Paper
"Leiser's discussion is driven by five possible definitions of what could be considered "natural." In other words, Leiser examines different ways in which the word natural has been presented and applies them to the matter of homosexuality to determine if any prominent definition could be used to classify homosexuality as unnatural. This is a basic, even simplistic, approach to the determination of homosexuality's supposed unnatural qualities. Nonetheless, this simplicity provides Leiser's argument with greater credibility, because he seems to be presenting readers with a wide variety of options that are incapable of refuting his hypothesis. Of course, the unfortunate reality--and a possible weakness of the essay--is that there may be other definitions or conceptions of naturalness that would undermine Leiser's argument. "
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