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History of Canadian Labor, 2009.
A discussion of the shaping factors of the workforce of Canada.
2,579 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the two significant periods of working-class militancy in Canadian history, the Knights of Labor in the 1880s and the Winnipeg General Strike in 1919. The paper analyzes how the issues of racism and sexism in the pre-20th century period in Canada brought about some of the most dramatic changes in the Canadian society and how these issues were key factors in the challenges of the Knights of Labor and the Winnipeg General Strike. The author explains how these two events, one of which marks the actual beginning of the revolutionary attempts concerning labor, and the other marking the culminating point and eventual results respectively, helped shaped the development of the Canadian working force.
From the Paper
"The history of the Canadian state has been marked by a lot of important events which came to shape its present. In particular concerning the current social and economic situation, in can be said that one of the most important periods in its history was the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th as the events which took place at the time constituted some of the most dramatic changes in the Canadian society. However the strive for development and emancipation could not have been achieved without sacrifices and without the background of general events that in the end shaped the way in which the Canadian society emerged in the 20th century."
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Homicidal Crimes, 2009.
Looks at gender differences in homicidal crimes.
3,270 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, whereas occurrences of male homicides are spread across the myriad circumstances, incidences of female homicide are clustered very narrowly around domestic crimes of intimacy involving significant others. To further investigate this phenomena, the author reviews Merton's general strain theory of deviant behavior, Agnew's strain theory of criminology and the structured action theory of criminology. The paper presents two preferred methods of research for this field and reviews some of the research literature.
Table of Contents:
Demographic and Historical Distribution
Criminology Theories and Gender Differences in Homicidal Crimes
Merton's General Strain Theory of Deviant Behavior
Agnew's Strain Theory of Criminology
Structured Action Theory of Criminology
Research Methods for Analyzing Gender Differences in Homicidal Crimes
Preferred Research Method for Studying Homicide and Gender
Least Beneficial Method for Studying Homicide and Gender
Prior Research - Homicidal Crimes and Gender Differences
From the Paper
"Male homicides frequently involve family and significant others as well; in fact, males still commit homicides much more frequently against their spouses and significant others (in addition to infanticide and eldercide) than females. However, whereas male homicides are spread across the myriad circumstances in which such crime may occur, female homicide is clustered very narrowly around domestic crimes of intimacy involving significant others."
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Gender and Crime, 2009.
A look at Agnew's strain theory and gender differences in criminal conduct.
1,014 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Agnew's strain theory of criminology that deviant behavior is likely to be triggered by virtue of anger. Research that shows that males are more at risk of criminal behavior is included in the paper. The paper then studies this research together with the strain theory to explore the several possible associations that suggest possible mechanisms explaining the apparent greater susceptibility of males to the negative consequences of stressful stimuli defined by general strain theory. The paper also analyzes social relationships and copings skills that females have that enable them to overcome negative emotions and anger to generate deviance and criminality.
Outline:
Agnew's Strain Theory of Criminology
Strain Theory and Gender Differences in Criminal Conduct
Male Violence as a Function of "Doing Gender"
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Expressing emotions and sharing frustrations is hardly the only aspect of gender-specific socialization that affects males and predisposes them disproportionately to the risk of reacting to strains in deviant, criminal, or violent manners. To a certain extent, males of most biological species including human beings are larger and more powerful than females as a result of evolutionary necessity. Higher testosterone levels and other inherent differences between the genders contributes to the greater male tendency to confrontations and to violence under the influence of comparable internal frustrations and external provocations."
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Adolescent Sexuality, 2009.
An examination of the stage of late adolescence in girls and boys and how their perception of sexuality is formed.
4,604 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the different stages of adolescence. It specifically examines the period of late adolescence, when the adolescent's sexuality is emerging and being noticed by the individual adolescent and by others, too. The paper discusses late adolescence in girls and then in boys and looks at how their perceptions of sexuality are formed.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Late Adolescence and Girls
Adolescent Boys and Sexuality
Gender in Contemporary Society
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The healthier the role models adolescents are provided with, the healthier their attitudes and perceptions about their sexuality and the roles of the opposite sex in relationship to their own sexuality will be. The first level of interaction with understanding the roles of women and men in society should be the parents. However, it has to be acknowledged that some parents, because of academic or religious or social reasons, are less inclined or equipped to provide that guidance and understanding to adolescents in a way that help them develop healthy perspectives. Because of the capital value that was discussed earlier in the both the advantages of properly educating adolescents in this regard, and the adverse impact on the capital values represented by failing to do that, the second line responsibility to the adolescent falls on the shoulders of public health agencies whose focus is on preventing the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. The third line of responsibility should be law enforcement, which is that branch of society that is responsible for dealing with the lack of response to the first two lines of responsibility."
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Crime and Gender, 2009.
This paper examines the social control and routine activities theories that shed light on the core variables that impact the gender gap in criminal behavior.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the principle of social bonding, a core component of social control theory, and how it creates pressure to conform to acceptable standards of behavior. The paper then explains how routine activities and lifestyle theory present crime in terms of opportunism, the individual choices that increase or decrease risk factors for crime. The paper concludes that different patterns in male and female behavior are due at least in part to the social bonds men and women create, differences in desire to conform, and to different opportunities for deviance.
From the Paper
" As Steffensmeier & Allan (1996) point out, "men offend at much higher rates than women for all crime categories except prostitution," (p. 460). Official crime statistics substantiate the universal truth that men commit more crimes more frequently than women. The gender gap in crime is more pronounced for violent than for property crimes. Criminological statistics provided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reporting Program are shocking, showing a definite, distinct gender gap in criminal behavior. Psychological and sociological theories including social control theory and routine activities theory explain core variables that impact the gender gap in criminal behavior."
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The Gender Identity Debate, 2009.
This paper analyzes several essays from the book "Signs of Life in the USA" edited by Sonia Maasik and Jack Solomon on the origins of gender identity.
3,040 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the essays "I Won. I'm Sorry," by Maria Burton Nelson, "Gender Role Behaviors and Attitudes" by Aaron Devor and "The Gender Blur" by Deborah Blum that explore whether gender identity is primarily biological or largely socially constructed. The paper discusses how women and men continually receive messages, from advertising to their nurseries, that indicate the roles they should assume in society. The paper then discusses those who struggle with their identities from a young age, whose gender identity is all about their own unique biology. The paper therefore comes to the conclusion that gender identity is a blend of social constructs and each person's own unique biological makeup.
From the Paper
"Gender identity is most certainly socially constructed in our country, and it begins at the time of birth. Little baby boys come home from the hospital to blue, yellow, red, or green rooms (never pink), decorated with sailboats, jungle animals, or trains, while little girls come home to frilly pink rooms decorated with ruffles, fairies, princesses, and stuffed animals. From then on, the gender roles for little boys and girls become even clearer, and they point children down the "right" paths that little boys and little girls should always follow at a very young age. Little boys grow up learning they do not play with dolls, cook, or care about what they wear, while little girls grow up learning they do not get dirty, do not play competitive sports, and never outshine the boys on the playground or in the classroom."
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Lesbianism in U.S. History, 2009.
A look at lesbianism throughout the history of the United States.
3,451 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates into the historical development of the concept of lesbianism in the United States. The author looks at how homosexuality was directly influenced by political and economic changes that affected the American population in its entirety and how these political conflicts and confrontations were echoed into the cultural expressions of homosexuality in general, and lesbianism in particular. In the view that lesbianism stepped into the light thanks to the social movements of the 1960s, the author also explains how from the 1950s onwards, lesbianism was treated as a social phenomenon rather than a psychiatric deviation.
From the Paper
"The discourse of American politics is focused on individual rights, action and identity. This trait was developed as a result of the social movements that took place during the 1960s and 1970s. American social changes have been correlated with the so-called 'voice of the people' which in turn, is directly linked to social identity. In this sense, the 1960s highly contributed to the birth and development of a common identity for individuals who shared a particular characteristic, be it ethnic origin, sex, religion, etc. This shared identity enabled their voices to be heard more loudly and clearly, and their discontents to be expressed as a coherent common pain; this pain was no longer restricted to individual life, but transformed into a discontent that was publicly voiced and widely shared."
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Black Feminist Movement, 2009.
An in-depth exploration of black feminism and its achievements since the 1970s.
3,765 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the early black rap music and the literature of African-American women such as Maya Angelou that sheds light on the sacrifices and plight of the black woman since emancipation. The paper attempts to determine the feminist movement's gains, if any, since the 1970s. The paper discusses the heightened awareness of the problems surrounding the absent father in black families and the rejection of black women by black men. The paper concludes that voices need to be heard, but we need contemporary figures to emerge as role models and effectors of change in bringing about a new opportunity for black mothers and their children.
From the Paper
"While the feminist movement in the mid to late 19th century helped women gain certain milestones in women's rights, the movement largely left behind black women. Emerging from historical slavery, the American black woman had a double whammy dealt her; she was a woman, and she was black. A black woman experienced discrimination on both fronts, but add to this, too, a third front; she was discriminated against by her own race, by black men. It is only in recent time, since the 1970s that black feminism has experienced a compelling kind of progress that has given black women a momentum with which to break free of the chains of historical slavery, the binding restrictions of gender, and, more recently, the slave mentality with which they were perceived by black men within their communities. It was the latter that has perhaps been the most difficult for black women to move past, and the civil rights movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s helped progress black women to the point where, today, they have finally begun to experience physical, social and political freedoms by which to prosper."
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Female Sexual Dysfunction, 2009.
An analysis on disorders of female sexual dysfunction.
2,320 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses female sexuality and female sexual dysfunction. The author explains the phases of the female sexual response cycle to better understand sexual dysfunction in females and psychological and physiological factors as causes of female sexual dysfunction are discussed. The paper also explains that the different types of female sexual dysfunction are classified based on the particular phase of the sexual response cycle response it affects. Lastly, the paper looks at the available diagnostic methods for female sexual dysfunction before discussing intervention and management methods.
Contents:
Female Sexual Dysfunction and the Sexual Response Cycle
Causes of Female Sexual Dysfunction
Classification of Female Sexual Dysfunction
Diagnosis of Female Sexual Dysfunction
Management
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Muscles of the vagina, uterus, and even the rectum contract due to a sympathetic-mediated response. The clitoris is successfully stimulated through direct stimulation, and floor orgasms may result from cervical stimulation or that of the anterior vaginal wall. The fourth phase is resolution, where blood vessels, muscles, and other erotogenic organs return to their original, nonaroused states. There is a sense of general relaxation, well-being, and muscle relaxation. In males, it is believed that they are refractory to an orgasmic response for some period. In contrast, women can have multiple orgasms without going through a refractory period."
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Self Expression of Identity, 2009.
This paper looks at the issue of self-expression of identity, focusing on the classroom setting and students with a non traditional sexual orientation or disability.
3,035 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 29 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explores several educational theories that deal with the formation of individual identity within the context of a classroom. The paper discusses social justice education theories, critical pedagogy theory, and social identity theory and looks at how these theories can help exlplain the development of identity within the classroom, specifically focusing on students with disabilities or a non-traditional sexual orientation. The paper relates that constructing an identity within the context of a classroom is difficult enough, but adding into that a disability or a non traditional sexual orientation makes the process that much more difficult. The paper concludes that several of the theories examined in the paper prove how identity formulation is in some ways hindered within a classroom based on the categories and labels children place upon themselves.
Outline:
Literature Review
References
From the Paper
"This is the same concept for students with different sexual orientations; they should first be acknowledged for all of their various identities, and then treated and taught accordingly based on the collaboration of those identities. This type of teaching environment must begin in grade school and continue on into higher education in order to present a solid foundation for these student's identities to grow and flourish all throughout their educational career.
"Children who are forced with a disability have an especially hard time in formulating their own unique identity when compared to physically normal children. Deaf children of all ages suffer a lag in their language and communication skills, which in turn delays their own formation of a conception of a self ..."
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Domestic Gender Roles, 2009.
An exploration of female sexual subjugation and domesticity in America.
1,753 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the social and cultural factors which have been employed to detain women from achieving equality with men. The paper focuses on American society in the late 19th century through the 20th century and reveals that consumer culture was used in co-conspiracy with the retention of institutional patriarchy in order to restrain female ambition within the boundaries of sexual idealization, beauty and domesticity. The paper concludes that although progress has been made, we are still far from real equality.
From the Paper
"The end of the 19th Century brought with it a host of changes which, as driven by technology and spreading urbanization, brought the entire world under the sway of the Industrial Revolution. Factories, tenements and immigrants filled the cities of Europe, the United Kingdom and the United States, and with them came overcrowding, urban blight, aesthetic conformity and the seedling of mass consumerism. The result was not a move away from the inequality of the eras before it but a repackaging of this imbalance to fit new cultural tendencies. This would be especially true for women in such contexts as the United States, where the premise of equality would be subverted by a reconsideration of American culture within the context of consumerist roles. Indeed, even as the Industrial Revolution and the decades of economic development to follow would present new cultural and social opportunities for women as well as men, the Golden Age of American consumer development would reintroduce the domestic imbalance of the Victorian Era."
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Comprehensive Sexual Education, 2009.
This paper looks at the need for comprehensive sexual education in the United States.
1,467 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that sex education became a traditional part of the middle school and high school curriculum in the middle of the 20th century. The writer points out that in the last 50 years, social attitudes and American cultural beliefs about human sexuality have changed significantly but, for the most part, sexual education has not evolved simultaneously, except perhaps in the modernization of the actual materials and literature used to present the substantive information. The writer maintains that what is required is a more comprehensive approach that reflects the realities of all the fundamental issues that arise in connection with human sexuality and behavioral choices associated with it. The writer concludes that a comprehensive sexual education program could radically transform sexual education in American education from a meaningless exercise in student embarrassment and an ineffective presentation of certain useful reproductive health and medical information into a beneficial mechanism for changing specific illogical beliefs and cultural values that undermine human happiness.
Outline:
Introduction
The Insufficiencies of Traditional Sexual Education
Outlining Comprehensive Sexual Education
Teaching Sexual Ethics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"By initiating Sex Ed in middle school, educators have the opportunity to address common cultural attitudes and beliefs about sexuality in principle, thereby providing alternatives to various elements of typical approaches to sexual gratification including objective ethical values, sexism, bigotry, homophobia, safer sex practices, and unplanned pregnancy. Comprehensive Sex Ed would likely require no additional funds or resources except to the extent it requires changing the way educators are trained and replacing old literature with updated teaching texts. The non-printed materials already used in connection with traditional Sex Ed programs is still sufficient for that portion of a comprehensive educational program appropriately devoted to human anatomy and biological reproduction."
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Transgender Discrimination, 2009.
This paper discusses employment discrimination and transgender issues.
1,977 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that atypical gender identity is a bona fide sexual identity that is no different from traditional identification with one's biological gender. The writer discusses that in many respects, transgender individuals are subjected to intense social discrimination including discrimination in the workplace. THe writer maintains that federal law prohibits vocational discrimination based on gender, but transgender orientation is not specifically included in the definition of gender or sex in federal statutes or those of many states. The writer discusses that contemporary American business is now faced with a similar dilemma capable of being redressed by just policies established voluntarily by human resource managers and business administrators even before anti-discrimination by virtue of transgenderism is included within the protections recognized by formal laws and acts of Congress.
Ultimately, this is more a matter of human morality and ethical values than a matter of formal legislation and government policy.
From the Paper
"A few states have amended their employment discrimination laws, but other only provide relief predicated on violations such as discrimination by virtue of characterizing transgenderism as political activism triggering statutes prohibiting discrimination against political activism. Other states have provided relief based on existing state statutes prohibiting discrimination by virtue of sexual preference, but that avenue is not available to transgender individuals who are not homosexual. Similarly, transgender individuals in certain jurisdictions must resort to laws prohibiting discrimination based on disabilities, by characterizing transgenderism as a psychological disability.
"Only very recently have courts begun to recognize that transgenderism is neither an illness nor a valid basis for discrimination, but merely a relatively rare manifestation of otherwise normal human sexual development with roots in the same biological mechanism that, much more often, result in the traditional gender orientation that
comports with social expectations of gender, gender identity, and human sexuality."
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Revisiting "Don't Ask, Don't Tell", 2009.
A discussion of the necessary changes to the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy on homosexuals in the military.
2,232 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact of the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy on homosexuals in the military and considers policy alternatives. The paper discusses the necessary objectives of a new policy and looks at how the policy should meet the needs of homosexuals in the service, meet the needs of the military, and bring the policy more in line with the current legal and social standards regarding the status of homosexuals.
Table of Contents:
Purpose
Summary
Background/Discussion
Policy Goals
Alternatives
Recommendations
From the Paper
"It is critical that the legislation that will replace Don't Ask Don't Tell meet all of our policy objectives. For this to occur we need to make sure that the issue has been given adequate study. The sensitive nature of the subject demands that all possible objections and problems be met with informed, reasoned responses immediately. At present, we are not convinced that this is the case - the focus seems more on repealing Don't Ask Don't Tell than on how it would be replaced."
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The Evolutionary Basis of Human Mate Selection, 2009.
An examination of the biological basis for human mate selection.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the biological bases of human romantic interest, mate selection, the prevailing patterns of promiscuity, infidelity in marriage and gender-based biological responses to marital infidelity, both real and imaginary. The paper discusses the research for each of these areas and examines how the concluded facts affect human mate selection. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Biological Basis of Human Sexual Attraction
The Significance of Symmetry, Hormonal Variation, and Fertility Indicators
The Role of Scent and Genetically-based Histocompatibility
Universal Gender-based Differences in the Response to Jealousy and Infidelity
From the Paper
"Even the human response to jealousy is largely dictated by evolutionary responses (DeSteno, et al 2002) rather than concepts of higher moral principle. According to Margulis & Sagan, (1999), human males who suspected (rightly or wrongly) that their partners had been unfaithful produced dramatically higher concentrations of sperm in their ejaculate upon their first sexual contact after either reunion or reconciliation. Likewise, a study by Pietrzak, et al (2002) demonstrated the degree to which hormonal responses to infidelity differ between human males and females differed in terms of whether the threats involved emotional intimacy or sexual intimacy."
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