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Prostitution in Thailand, 2008.
An analysis of how prostitution influences the social and economic systems within Thai society.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the culture of prostitution in Thailand and the failure of the officials there to prosecute or enforce the law with regards to prostitution. The paper aso discusses the economic impact of prostitution on the nation. In addition, the paper looks at the arguments for and against official recognition of prostitution and concludes that, according to this analysis, the problems of prostitution outweigh the benefits.
Table of Contents:
Sexual Mores and Practices, and Thai Prostitution
Economics, Gender Politics, and Prostitution
Devastating Effects on Thai Culture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Prostitution in Thailand is semi-legal at present, with many people tolerating it and officials not prosecuting or enforcing the law regarding it. There are even some voices within Thailand that have called for an official recognition of prostitution so the sex tourism industry can be carried out in an openly legal manner. However, according to the arguments reviewed here, prostitution causes problems within the society by limiting the choices of women and child. Therefore, the problems of prostitution are believed to outweigh the benefits according to this analysis."
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Sexuality among the Tomboi and Travestis, 2008.
An examination of the reproduction of sexual norms among the travestis of Brazil and the tomboi of Indonesia.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two groups of 'spectacular sexual deviants' in two sexual-cultural contexts and examines if and how they reproduce and reinforce gender and sexual norms that they are transgressing. Specifically, the paper examines the travestis of Brazil and the tomboi of Indonesia. The paper argues that, in general, the travestis of Brazil reproduce the dominant ideas about women and femininity particularly in the area of gendered beauty and sexual relationships and that the tomboi of Indonesia, reproduce the dominant notions of masculinity, which leads them to be attracted to the 'opposite' feminine sex.
From the Paper
"Many travestis also embrace characteristics that are traditionally called 'feminine' and according to Kulick (1998) these include the tendency to gossip, be jealous and strive towards passionate love. Another way in which the travestis reinforce gender roles and definition is in their choice of boyfriends and the relationships that they have with those boyfriends, particularly sexual relationships. Travestis look for heterosexual boyfriends only and in that relationship the travestis are the 'givers' (Kulick, 1998), that is they are penetrated by the boyfriends during sexual relations, and they are never that penetrates. In this way they assume the role of the woman in the relationship. They are also expected to do the housekeeping and cooking in such a relationship. According to Kulick (1998) the boyfriends even sometimes dictate what the travestis wear and sometimes veto clothes they consider to revealing or sexy. The only oddity is the fact that it is the travestis who are the financial providers in the relationship. The boyfriend usually moved in with the travesti, and depended on him/her for food and clothing. This may seem odd in a relationship with a heterosexual male. However, travestis consider themselves men too and perhaps the role of a financial provider is not so odd when viewed in this way."
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Travestis and the Berdache, 2008.
A discussion of sexual norms in relation to the travesties in Brazil and the berdaches in North America.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how travesties of Brazil reproduce and reinforce gender and sexual norms of Brazilian society even as they transgress them. It takes a look at how they reflect dominant ideas about men and women, masculinity and femininity. The paper also compares travesties to the berdache of native North America in order to show how sexual "others" in different cultures, even though historically and geographically distant. The paper concludes that both reveal the culturally constructed nature of sex and gender and even emphasize it as they reflect locally meaningful social norms.
From the Paper
"Travestis did not only adopt and reproduced the female image, they have also reinforced it. They are in a constant competition with Brazilian woman. This includes body shape, fashion and behavior. Thus travestis are generally better dressed, better maintained, have better lovers (Kulick, 1998). In order to feel feminine when you do not (or are not), the formula to follow is described above. Relating it only reinforces the prescribed feminine image in the eyes of observers. This application shows that it is an accepted way of being a "female". Making it something close to competition places additional weight on this socially constructed perception of a woman."
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"Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet)", 2008.
An analysis of how Ann-Marie MacDonald undermines gender stereotypes in her play, "Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet)."
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Ann-Marie MacDonald's play, "Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet)" and shows how MacDonald uses gender bending and variations on sexuality to challenge and ultimately undermine gender stereotype. In particular, the paper focuses on the character of Constance and how she rises to her full human potential in this play, and in so doing, undermines the gender stereotypes which often function to deny a fully rounded personality to people.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, what MacDonald seems to be saying in this play is that the choice made by Constance is open to all of us - and without alchemy. All that is needed is for us to probe into the powerful depths of our sub-conscious, and in this way choose powerful personal attributes that will enable us to rise to our full human potential. The crucial point is that women may choose supposedly male attributes such as courage, because the gender binary that says most personal attributes are gendered is culturally constituted and illusory. We can have it all, regardless of gender. Thus, MacDonald's play powerfully undermines gender stereotypes."
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Boys and Reading: Gender Stereotyping, 2008.
A discussion on the underperformance of boys when they learn to read in comparison to girls.
2,469 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the underperformance of boys at reading and language skills in comparison to girls. The essay provides a critical exploration of the issues in the debate, and argues the thesis that the underperformance of boys at reading and language skills in comparison to girls is a consequence of systemic gender stereotyping in our society as a whole.
Outline:
Introduction
Boys and Reading: The Critical Context
Boys and Reading: The Stereotype
Boys and Reading: What Can Educators Do?
Analysis
From the Paper
"Among contemporary teaching professionals, one of the most compelling issues of our time is that of the underperformance of boys at reading and language skills in comparison to girls. This is a particularly controversial issue, as it follows upon a very similar concern in the discipline some years before regarding the underperformance of girls in particular subjects. Moreover, as any review of the literature on the subject will reveal, the complex and controversial issues of gender stereotyping, and how we as a society understand, construct and/or shape masculinity, lie at the core of the debate."
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Gender Bender, 2008.
This paper looks at whether there are scientifically proven differences between the brains of men and women.
1,149 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues that there really are scientifically provable differences between the brains of men and women. Specifically, the paper explores how the brains of men and women atrophy over time. The writer then looks at how men and women have different intellectual competencies - differences which, broadly stated, suggest that men are better in the realm of mathematics and mathematical logic while women are better in the realm of language arts and visual memory. Lastly, the writer notes that evidence provided by Doreen Kimura suggests that boys and girls differ in their levels of aggression because they really do have minds shaped by widely divergent hormones. The writer concludes that it is simply not smart to suggest that men and women are exactly the same.
From the Paper
"Simply put, the process by which the brain atrophies in men and women is quite pronounced, can be measured quantitatively, and suggests that men and women experience varying levels of mental acuity and efficacy at different points in their lives. As an addendum, this sort of thing clearly indicates that the differing behavior of men and women in, say, their middle to late 50s is not necessarily predicated upon sociological constructions but upon differential aging of the brain and the changes in behavior this creates.
"There are also cognitive differences between men and women that suggest different patterns of competencies - not necessarily, as ideologues on both sides of the gender debate might like to argue, different intellectual capacities. For instance, a host of studies conducted over many years proves that men perform better than women when it comes to spatial tasks such as those that involve object manipulation and/or envisioning an object moving through space."
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Breast Cancer, 2008.
This paper examines the social meanings and the enormous psychological impacts of breast cancer.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, because society is obsessed with the body and attractiveness, breast cancer strikes at body image and the very meaning of what it is to be an ideal woman. The author of the paper points out that, whatever surgery the woman might have to remove the cancer, she can never be sure that the cancer is gone completely. The paper relates that hair loss is the most upsetting side effect of chemotherapy because, socially, women are told by the media about the importance of their hair and people always make comment about hair styles. The paper states that intimacy can be affected because sexuality is all about sharing the woman's body with her partner and she may be deeply afraid of rejection. The paper notes that greatest psychological effect on the husband is that he feels completely helpless.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Risks and Prevention of Breast Cancer
Effects of Breast Cancer Treatment
Psychological and Social Effects of Breast Cancer Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is very important to prevent breast cancer because it causes many social and psychological problems. Early detection results in the highest possibility of successful treatment. Women need to have a screening mammogram to be sure they are free from breast cancer. For one thing, mammograms result in a 30 percent reduction of deaths from breast cancer. Women in Canada are at risk because a good standard of living or prosperity is a risk factor. The reason is that the woman's diet tends to be high in refined sugars and animal and saturated fats."
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Gender and Crime, 2007.
An examination of why women are committing more crime.
1,948 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the rise in the number of female offenders and how this occurrence impacts our understanding of crime. The paper investigates the new branch of criminology that has recently emerged to study this phenomenon, and the reasons researchers are giving to explain it. The paper discusses the different approaches and debates within this new discipline regarding this issue including the liberal feminist point of view, the power-control thesis, and the socialist feminist approach. The paper concludes that, in the end, it seems that we have still not come up with a definitive explanation as to why it is that the rates of women offenders seem to be on the rise.
From the Paper
"Criminological theories have traditionally been divided into two types: conflict theories and consensus theories. The former are based on a conception of society as primarily conflict-driven (people and groups of people are constantly competing for resources); while the latter are based on a conception of society as primarily consensus driven (people want to live together happily and share resources). In the case of the former, apparent consensus is artificially created by forcing people to live together peacefully, for example by the use of laws. In the case of the latter, those few individuals who do not conform are controlled by law. What these two divisions of criminology theories have in common is that both have suffered from an extraordinary omission for a long time: namely that both have all but ignored the role that gender plays in crime."
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Aggressive Driving, 2007.
A discussion of aggressive driving.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines all aspects of aggressive driving. The paper explains that aggressive driving can be defined as driving that fails to consider the safety of others and that aggressive drivers know they may be driving in such a way that could endanger others. The paper then looks at the difference between road rage and aggressive driving. The paper points out that studying the behaviors of aggressive drivers and knowing what to do when someone is driving aggressively is vital in reducing the number of accidents caused by aggressive drivers. The paper then looks at why male drivers are more aggressive than females. The paper concludes with suggestions on how one can protect oneself from aggressive drivers.
Outline:
The Dangers of Aggressive Driving
Understanding Aggressive Driving Behaviors
Male Drivers Are More Aggressive than Females
Protecting Oneself Against Aggressive Drivers
From the Paper
"If a driver intentionally intends to harm another driver or another person, they can be stated to be aggressive drivers. Some people may not intend to be aggressive drivers, but they know they are taking risks that could endanger the lives of others which make them aggressive drivers. Some of the behaviors that aggressive drivers have are tailgating, failure to obey traffic signs, weaving in and out of traffic with no regard to safety, passing on the right, honking, yelling, and facial or hand gestures (Aggressive Driving). Most aggressive drivers have high levels of stress and may be angry at loved ones and/or angry at themselves. Often these drivers may have mental health problems. Three factors are in common and they are "lack of responsible driving behavior, reduced levels of traffic enforcement, and increased congestion and travel in our urban areas" (Aggressive Driving)."
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Workplace Evolution, 2008.
This paper discusses how and why the workplace has evolved regarding gender equality.
2,449 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at changes that have been brought about in the workplace due to the emergence of gender equality. The writer then looks at the first inclusion of women to the workforce and discusses the issue of equal pay and gender inequality. The writer maintains that the gendered stereotypes have fallen one by one as women and men have interacted in the workplace. The writer points out that both women and men have reacted to their situation as their skills and abilities have required, rather than through the prism of some supposed stereotypical response that is driven by gender. The writer concludes, however, that certain stereotypes, based as they are on some form of fact, may prove more difficult to accommodate in the culture until new technologies and alternate arrangements that negate the effects of these differences are implemented.
Outline:
Background Information
Change
Operational Definition: Corporate America
Operational Definition:Traditional Organizational Cultures
Theories
Glass Ceiling
Gendered Stereotypes
From the Paper
"In Roe v Wade the woman's right to make decisions about her own body through abortion was considered. The justices of the Supreme Court concluded that women were given individual rights as citizens of the United States through the Bill of Rights and the United States Constitution. According to the justices, those individual rights included the ability of women to determine what would or would not happen to their own bodies through pregnancy or any other occurrence. Women across the country took this decision as a landmark decision that supported the control women had over their own lives and their quest to implement that control in all areas of existence."
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Women and Philanthropy, 2008.
An analysis of the differences between men and women regarding philanthropy.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between women and philanthropy. It discusses if women differ in their giving methods from men and how women respond to being approached for giving to an organization. The paper also examines whether there are certain query methods that women prefer and if they prefer not to be approache as well as how they choose the charities to which they give.
Table of Contents:
Stereotypes in Philanthropy
Do Men and Women Really Differ?
How Do Women Give?
Approaching Women
What Rewards are there for Philanthropy?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the Council of Michigan Foundations [CMF] (n. d.) "women take philanthropy personally" (p. 7). Women need to be drawn into committing funds to a cause. They may feel the need to volunteer before donating money, feeling that they want to be part of the process (CMF, n. d.). However, women's giving is also affected by the age of the women being approached, based on their attributes and the issues that affect their cohort. In addition, women often become involved in charitable causes through personal relationships, such as friends, family, and business relationships. Frequently, the best way to reach them is through women's networks, although women with professional advisors can be reached through those individuals or organizations (CMF, n. d.)."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2008.
An argument that anorexia nervosa is a social construction that maintains balance in gender relations.
1,822 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how anorexia serves the purpose of ensuring that women remain in their proper position in society, with only limited power. The paper explains the beauty myth and how the female body has been socially manipulated as a means to maintain the current system of power relations between the sexes and profit the weight loss industry. The paper discusses how none of this pursuit would be possible without the mass media which defines the ideal body image and gains by exploiting the image of the anorexic. The paper appends a large amount of source material to the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
The Beauty Myth
The Body as Part of Culture
The Mass Media
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Anorexia nervosa is a condition that affects virtually only women and is also an epidemic which has attained similar proportions to AIDS. Far from being a disease on the personal level, anorexia involves the whole society and its structures. The most effective way to approach anorexia is through the structural functionalist perspective because anorexia serves a purpose in maintaining the status quo for the society. Wolf (1997, p. 187) terms the trend the great weight shift which "must be understood as one of the major historical developments of the century, a direct solution to the dangers posed by the women's movement and economic and reproductive freedom"."
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Same-Sex Marriage and Artificial Insemination, 2008.
This paper argues against same-sex marriage and the related issue of artificial insemination.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer looks at same-sex marriage and at the artificial insemination of lesbians with an eye towards asserting that both are offensive on religious, moral, and sociological grounds. The paper first points out that the Holy Scriptures provide a number of compelling justifications for the elevation of heterosexual marriage. Proceeding further, the writer argues that there are moral reasons why artificial insemination (and gay marriages involving children) are unacceptable. Finally, the writer maintains that there is sufficient evidence decrying the effects of households headed by homosexual couples upon children for our society to re-examine its glib acceptance of the idea that homosexual couples (perhaps couples inseminated by artificial means) should automatically be given carte blanche to be parents.
From the Paper
"The reasons why homosexual union appears to be frowned upon by the Church ties into the notion of complementarity; that is to say, pairs of men and pairs of women cannot conceive children via natural means. In short, the procreative process, at least if it involves natural means, is only possible if one man and one woman are involved. As May understands the matter, natural fertility is a blessing of God and demands the active participation of both genders. More than that, the ability to have progeny invests in human couples the creative power that would otherwise be limited to God alone; thus, the natural process of mating is an act that should not be trifled with inasmuch as man and woman - in their natural states as God designed them - have been rendered in God's image, or at least man has been rendered in God's image and have been given the responsibility of carrying out a procreative act sanctioned by the Almighty. Clearly, man and woman have been designed the way they have for a reason, and it would be unwise to alter this complementary state by allowing lesbians to become pregnant via artificial insemination."
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Television and Sexual Orientation, 2008.
This paper discusses how race, sexual orientation, social class, gender and class are portrayed on television.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that television is arguably our most pervasive mass medium, and reaches millions of viewers, often for many hours per day. As such, it is reasonable to expect that it may play a substantial role in forming and moulding public opinion. This essay examines how race, sexual orientation, social class, gender and class are portrayed on television, with specific reference to four very popular television series: 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer'; 'Ellen'; 'Frasier' and 'Friends'. It is argued that the relationship between television and the masses is becoming increasingly interactive, with the latter increasingly impacting the former, and both exerting a moulding action upon one another.
From the Paper
"First, it must be conceded that there is abundant evidence of television moulding our current society, conveying a view of the world that reinforces the current status quo. Take for example the enormously popular television series Friends. This series features four fabulously shallow, attractive, white, heterosexual, gender-role-conforming, slim, reasonably affluent, utterly self-centred thirty-somethings living in a US city. These characters surely represent the current patriarchal North American status quo. None of them transgresses any societal norms, and all devote themselves with indefatigable vigour to the most important social virtue of our time - consumption. Indeed, much of the action takes place in a coffee shop, where the characters simply spend their time spending money and being amusing. This is reminiscent of the television series Frasier, where the characters also appear to have a bottomless capacity for expensive coffee (as well as fine wine and good food)."
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Advertising and Women, 2008.
This paper looks at body image, female sexuality and debt within the field of advertising.
1,692 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines advertising and how it impacts women in three ways: body image; sexuality; and consumer spending habits. Specifically, the writer argues that advertising has been - and continues to be - shaped by stereotypical depictions of the two genders, and that women remain faced with a popular media that glorifies unhealthy body images at the same time as it sexualizes women and impresses upon them the sense that they need to dress and act a certain way in order to be "true" women. Finally, the paper looks at how consumer advertising has placed women in a position where they are now expected to consume both like women - and like men.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Advertising and women: Body image
Advertising and Women: Sexuality
Advertising and women: Debt
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Advertising in America and throughout the western world impacts women in many ways - most of them negative. In the pages that follow, the impact of advertising upon women in the realms of body image, sexuality, and consumer impulses will all be discussed, with the general argument being raised that advertisers seize upon female insecurities and self-perceived inadequacies in order to make money - even if the process ends up sparking eating disorders and psychological disorders among young and old females. In the end, women need to appreciate that advertisers are not interested in social welfare but in making money - often by appealing to shop-worn notions about gender roles."
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