| Papers [31-45] of 1989 :: [Page 3 of 133] | | Go to page : <— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 —> | |
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Dual Relationships in Counseling, 2008.
This paper discusses the danger of dual relationships in the counseling field.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the dangers of dual relationships within the mental health field. The writer maintains that counselors and therapists should avoid establishing or allowing the establishment of dual relationships within the context of their professional capacity. The writer concludes that this is not only an ethical imperative with respect to the client/patient continuum but also extends to dual relationships among patients in group therapy settings as well as relationships between coworkers and colleagues.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Dual Relationships in Group Therapy
The Counselor/Client Continuum
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Clearly, these negative developments that arise due to the existence or the establishment of dual relationships can have a very real and a potentially very harmful impact on the counseling process within the group therapy setting. Yet, all of these negative attributes can just as easily develop within the dual relationship context in the single-patient counseling environment or in the back office relationships that arise within the clinic or treatment facility setting. In all instances, the effectiveness and the objective of the counseling process is undermined and made almost irrelevant due to the dual relationships allowed to develop."
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Culturally Competent Care, 2008.
This paper examines standards and policies of care that are sensitive to the ethnocultural needs of the patient.
3,308 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of culturally competent care in the hospital. The paper looks at the gap in health insurance coverage in various ethnic groups and examines the standards of the present health policies in effect today. The paper also presents strategies to improve culturally-sensitive care. The paper concludes that there are few concrete policies that categorically address the plight of minorities and therefore it is the ethical responsibility of policy-makers to look out for their welfare.
Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Framework
Population
Population Vulnerability
Standards of Met and Unmet Cultural Competence
Impacts on Nursing Care Delivery
Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Culturally competent care in the health workplace setting of a hospital involves the provision of effective and timely care that is sensitive to the ethnocultural needs of the client or patient. This type of care, while sensitive to the needs of people with different ethnocultural backgrounds, must not, at the same time, become biased in its provision of care, either by policy, protocol or other barriers that prevent equality in care. This means that, while unique sets of people with diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds have equally unique care needs, this should not be the basis for justifications of providers to relegate culturally-sensitive initiatives to lesser priority over others."
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Animal Testing, 2008.
This paper looks at alternative methods of product testing.
806 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the methods of refinement, reduction and replacement of the laboratory animals in product testing. The paper looks at alternative methods that involve animal cells, organs and tissue extraction from the animal but relates that only animal replacement is acceptable to true animal rights advocates. The paper concludes that until all animals are removed from laboratories, it is up to animal lovers to purchase only products that are "cruelty-free."
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Currently there is no law making it mandatory for products for human use to be tested on animals first. There are a variety of alternatives other than animals to test the safety of products for human use. Most large companies are currently using alternative methods of testing for personal care products and household products. These methods are more cost effective, better indicators of danger to humans and produce more rapid findings than any test involving cruelty to animals. There seems to be two main reasons that some companies continue to use animals in laboratories: fear for human safety and fear of product liability (Carbone, 2004, p. 3)."
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Cigarette Advertising, 2008.
This paper analyzes cigarette advertising in Canada, especially the ethical aspects.
1,455 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explain that, when strategically analyzing cigarette advertising in Canadian, emphasis must be placed upon what could realistically be achieved given the range of conflicting interests of all of the stakeholders in this debate. The author points out that the Supreme Court of Canada in the mid-1990s struck down a carefully crafted Canadian government policy, which radically restricted advertising by tobacco companies. The paper stresses that any successful advertising strategy must form a balance between utility and rights. The author relates that the concept of rule utilitarianism is a normative ethical model that provides us with some guidance in developing a strategic approach. The paper states that this model suggests that the advertising must not only be considered in terms of pure utility but also in terms of what is practically achievable given the complex range of interested stakeholders.
From the Paper
"Within these parameters, a strategic approach would balance the utility to the Canadian public from less tobacco promotion with the rights of freedom of expression of the tobacco companies to sell their products. It would be likely, for example, that the courts would consider a ban on advertising in media where it may be easily encountered by minors/children to be an acceptable limitation on the tobacco companies' freedom of expression. For example, cigarette advertising could be banned from television, movies and radio, as these media have a considerable youth audience."
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The Social Worker Counselor, 2008.
A look at the delicate and complex balance of power between a social worker and her client.
1,795 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that there is a delicate and complex balance between the social worker's power and the right to self-determination of the client. The paper then discusses and examines this power imbalance and looks at how such power imbalance between the social work and client implies certain responsibilities on the part of the social worker. The paper also demonstrates that the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Ethical Standard 1.02, i.e. Self Determination, implies that the social worker has some responsibility to empower the client so that the client is able to achieve self-determination. In addition, this essay also discusses a situation in which the social worker may be relatively powerless, as well as situations in which it might be prudent for the social worker to restrict the client's right to self-determination.
From the Paper
"For example, the social worker should not try to dissuade a woman from becoming involved with a particular man on the basis that the social worker believes this man is not a good influence and should not be around the woman's children. In particular, if the social worker implies to the client that the social worker will withhold certain benefits from her if she does become involved with this man, this would constitute abuse of the social worker's power over the vulnerable client."
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Karl Marx and His Challenge of Liberalism, 2008.
An examination of Karl Marx's challenge to liberalism in "The Communist Manifesto."
1,831 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Karl Marx challenged liberalism in works such as "The Communist Manifesto", in which he condemned capitalism and predicted that the exploited working classes of capitalistic societies would become alienated and overthrow the system of capitalism. The paper explains that Marx was convinced that once liberalism was discredited and capitalism was overthrown, there would be a brief period of rule by the dictatorship of the proletariat and then the classless society of communism would emerge. The paper also discusses how Marx believed that working class Germans should be the chief focus of his revolutionary efforts because the political consciousness of the proletariat in Germany was more developed than in any other country in Europe. The paper then examines liberalism and its impact on society, in order to fully analyze Marx's challenges to liberalism.
From the Paper
"Marx believed that many political, economic, and social changes would be necessary in the aftermath of a proletarian revolution, for in his view, the only way the proletariat could free itself from exploitation was to abolish capitalism. In achieving this goal, the proletariat would have to destroy every remnant of bourgeois liberal culture because this culture perpetuated their misery. Family, religion, the worship of personalities, morality, and the legal system would all have to be abolished. According to Marx, the result of this abolishment would be "an association in which the free development of each is the condition for the development of all.""
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Human Cloning, 2008.
An analysis of the current issues that involve both religion and medical science in relation to developments in human cloning.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the medical issue of human cloning, noting that it is pertinent to ethics, since it involves a great deal of scientific questions as to how science is "playing God." The religious perspective is analyzed through Roman Catholic arguments against human cloning to better understand how this conflict is developing between both factions. In essence, this paper analyzes the two sides of the "playing God" issue in relation to the medical scientific advancements of human cloning.
From the Paper
"The Catholic point of view on procreation is an act that occurs from the union of two people, those married under God's union and vows. Cloning is direct violation of the act of two people, and socially makes for an unethical third party (scientists) to be involved in this sacred union between two people. This perspective often brings forth the changing element of a society that is steadily becoming less dependent on religious doctrines, which invariably must give way to the empiricism of modern science. In essence, Catholic Bishops oppose cloning of new human lives because mankind does not have the right to play God."
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"Lord of the Flies" and "1984", 2008.
A discussion of two books dealing with the bleakness of human nature -"Lord of the Flies" by William Golding and "1984" by George Orwell.
794 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how both William Golding in "Lord of the Flies" and George Orwell in "1984" present a grim view of human nature, a view that indicates that humanity has an irresistible tendency to fall into an abyss of depravity and oppression. The paper explains that at first, Golding seems to offer a less pessimistic view of human nature than Orwell does but in the end their views are nearly identical. The paper looks at how Golding's boys begin free from the oppressions of society, but fall into savagery and how Orwell's society has already fallen before the novel opens, and escape is out of the question. The writer concludes that, in the end, it is harder to say whose vision is more negative, and a reader can do little more than hope that neither author is correct in his bleak vision.
From the Paper
"Orwell presents a society already fallen. The Party controls every aspect of life, especially through the control of the constant propaganda that is bombarded on the inhabitants of Oceana, in which London is located. With the telescreens that watch every person (Orwell 2, 5-6, 9, 11, 27, 97, 148), the "two-minutes hate" each day, to the monthly public hangings (Orwell 23-4, 49-50, 57), the constant fear of the thought police (Orwell 4-5, 62, 101), grim depravation in which goods are always in short supply (Orwell 49, 162), and everything from cigarettes (Orwell 5), to gin (Orwell 5, 77, 150) to housing (Orwell 20-21), is of such poor quality that there is no possibility of joy in life (Orwell 41, 49, 60-61), this is a totalitarian society."
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Counseling Professionals and Ethical Standards, 2008.
A review of "Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions" by G. Corey, M. Corey and P. Callanan.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper examines "Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions" where the authors focus on the issue of ethics in relationship to counseling professionals. The paper shows how the text is both a source of information and a tool that counselors can use in their development of personal ethical standards that will allow them to become more effective professionals.
From the Paper
"Corey, Corey and Callanan (2007) focus on the issue of ethics in relationship to counseling professionals. The purpose behind the text is to allow the counselor or student to explore ethics in a manner that can be applicable to real life situations and develop personal ethical standards that are essential for working with clientele. At the core of the ethical exploration suggested by the book, however, is Corey, Corey and Callanan's (2007) contention that all counselors must ultimately make determinations best on what solution will benefit the client over the long term (p. 1). According to Corey, Corey and Callanan (2007), taking this approach to ethics provides the most effective decisions, as well as answers that are based upon the counselor's purpose for functioning - the client's needs (p. 1)."
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"The Naked Crowd" by Jeffrey Rosen, 2008.
A review of the book "The Naked Crowd" by Jeffrey Rosen.
1,318 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Joseph Rosen's text, "The Naked Crowd". The paper argues that Rosen's central thesis is strong, but that some of his characterizations of those who fear the worst if a comprehensive surveillance system is not put in place across America to thwart things like terrorism are excessively simplistic. The paper points out that, while lucid and well-written, a case can be made that Rosen's suggestion that Congress is a better protector of privacy rights than the courts, is one that certainly needs to be called into question. The writer believes that Rosen's book is a welcome addition to the literature - but certainly not impervious to criticism.
From the Paper
"Joseph Rosen's text begins by first looking at how biometrics firms - far more so than any other American businesses after 9/11 - gained from the brutal terrorist attacks that took so many lives. What made the matter so ironic was that, far from deterring crime, reliable empirical studies suggested that biometrical technologies did nothing at all to lower violent crime rates. Despite, discrete surveillance cameras became the new "in thing" in America - just as they had, for a variety of other reasons, become popular in Great Britain during the 1990s."
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The Ethical Obligations of Corporations, 2008.
An analysis of the moral and ethical obligations, as well as normative theories, of corporations in modern society, focusing on the Ford Motor Company.
3,988 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This essay debates the moral and ethical obligations of corporations in modern society. The paper shows that corporations do make decisions that appear to be based on the assumption that profit is so important that injury to (and even death of) innocent human beings is an acceptable cost. The paper then goes on to analyze these kinds of behaviors by applying normative theories to them. It specifically focuses on the case of the Ford Motor Company.
Table of Contents:
Normative Theories
Strategic Considerations
From the Paper
"If the law was extended in this way, it would become possible for corporations to be prosecuted in a way that was compatible with acceptable morality. For example, in the Ford Pinto case, the engineers who conducted the risk analysis and recommended that no recall should be done, would all be charged with manslaughter. They would most likely end up in prison for a very long time. If this kind of thing happened, it is likely that corporations would stop treating people as means to an end (the end being profit). This does not mean that they would suddenly grow consciences. However, for a corporation to make a decision and carry out actions, individual human beings must play their part. If all of these human beings were aware that they could be imprisoned for their parts in such decisions, I believe they would not be prepared to play along."
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Police and Ethics, 2008.
This paper argues that there must be public confidence in the ethical standards of the police.
2,429 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that police departments have to institute and follow stronger ethical guidelines and enforce the measures aggressively in order to demonstrate a commitment to ethical behavior to the community. The paper looks at the community policing programs in Pittsburgh and in Los Angeles that involve creating partnerships with local government, police, schools and community groups for the prevention of crime. The paper also looks at relations between the police and the black community. The paper concludes that a stronger enforcement mechanism has to be instituted to see that behavior conforms to the ethical precepts set forth and that the public has confidence that this is so.
From the Paper
"The city police represent the most visible aspect of law enforcement in the community, backed up by the courts, by state and federal levels, and by organizations both public and private dedicated to some aspect of law enforcement and the administration of justice. For most people, however, the local police would be the agency to call when a problem is perceived and help is needed. This places considerable pressure on the city police both to serve the public and also to represent law enforcement for the public. Problems develop in the latter role whenever a department or an individual officer engage in unethical behavior or otherwise cross the line, and the scrutiny given to the police at this level assures that every infraction discovered will become fodder for news reports and criticism from the community. The problem is clearly more acute in some communities, meaning poor and minority communities that do not trust the police even before such a problem erupts."
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The Right to Die, 2008.
This paper analyzes the ethical and legal right to die, as discussed in "Unplugged: Reclaiming Our Right to Die in America" by William Colby.
923 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper summarizes the Terri Schiavo case and explains William Colby's argument, as presented in his work "Unplugged: Reclaiming Our Right to Die in America", that the law should respect an individual's inherent right to die if the health circumstances are too severe. The paper then asserts that the Federal Justice Department did not have the right to prevent Oregon from allowing patient-assisted suicides. The paper also looks at the "Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Dept. of Health" landmark case that allowed persons the right to deny life-saving medical assistance. The paper is of the opinion that the chapter "My Living Will" of Colby's book is the most intriquiging, since it describes the personal and legal foundation for denying life support systems.
From the Paper
"The Terri Schiavo case represents a critical turning point for a patient's right to die, which helped to determine a legal framework under a caregiver's consent to terminate life support systems. With the Governor of Florida and the President of the United States creating legislation to prevent the death of Schiavo, the inherent right to life or death to a patient was denied after the lower court of Pinellas County decided that Schiavo would not want to live in a persistent vegetative state. However, the Supreme Courts of the United States and Florida decided correctly that the long-term state of Schiavo's suffering and lack of revival determined that her caregivers had a right to take away her feeding tube. This was the correct choice due to the fact that her long-term placement within hospital care had decidedly taken a course that would be deemed unconscionable to keep supporting Schiavo's lack of utility (to interact with other people) and to prevent a decent quality of life. The higher courts decided that her caregivers had the right to decide on Schiavo's assisted death due to the nature of her condition and the unethical medical authority that let her continue in such a condition."
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Professional Ethics, 2008.
This paper discusses professional ethics in the nursing workplace and related dilemmas.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer uses a specific example in a hospital to discuss the ethical dilemmas that may be encountered in the nursing workplace. In particular, the paper discusses the type of dilemma that can arise when caught between being an advocate for the patient and preserving the professional integrity of another professional when he errs.
From the Paper
" The ethics in question was whether to carry out one's duty to the patient and his family, in the interest of being fully honest, open and transparent to the patient in informing them what had happened versus not disclosing this information in the interest of not making a large fuss out of a resident's error that did not result in serious harm. On the one hand, the patient regained not only sinus rhythm, but also regained consciousness several minutes later. He was evidently not pleased to find himself intubated; there did not seem to be any signs of persistent ischemic injury nor reperfusion injury at the time. On the other hand, had the patient been without adequate perfusion for longer than it actually took to revive him, permanent injury would have resulted."
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K-12 School Sports Activities, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of normativity and exclusion in K-12 school sports activities.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that, at a parent-teacher meeting, several issues relating to sports activities involving exclusion based on race, gender and disabilities were argued. The author points out that the perceptions of one side were that the school operates on a hierarchy of priorities, discriminating in favor of white males. The paper states that the assertion of the other group was that none of the issues apply since the only institutional goal is to prevent obesity. The author stresses that the relevant ethical principles for this situation were justice, benevolence and respect for persons. The paper highlights that the new standards such as physical activity and sports will become a self-management program in which every child should realize that the program is to be incorporated into their life plan.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Introduction
The Issues
Ethics and Ethical Principles
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Foucault, ethics is best defined as "a critical self-reflective practice". Based on this, the goals are to establish the ethical principles that will allow physical activity and sport to take place with the least amount of control. If the main objective is to fight obesity, then the activity should be paramount, flexible, and requires few formal rules or structure. Once the rationale for sport is clarified, then the emphasis on competition and all the disciplinary and regulatory practices that center on the idea of winning will be eliminated."
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