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Aristotle's View on Capital Punishment, 2006.
A look at capital punishment through the eyes of Aristotle.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines capital punishment as viewed by Aristotle, as a moral issue and argue the opinion that it is an immoral practice. This paper also carefully identifies and explains the premises that lead to this argument, looking at the flip side of the issue and creating a possible counter argument.
From the Paper
"Aristotle also distinguishes between distributive and retributatory justice. Retributive justice, or punishment for things done wrong, is similar to criminal courts. Distributive justice is conceptually similar to civil courts and awarding financial compensation.
People should not be held accountable for involuntary actions; things they were forced to do, or that they did in ignorance of the facts, which may be called mistakes or mishaps. Voluntary unjust actions can be divided according to whether they were premeditated or not. Crimes done due to emotion rather than reason (ex: sudden anger) are acts of injustice, but the person who does things in the heat of the moment should not be regarded as a wicked or unjust person. Premeditated unjust actions can only be done by unjust or wicked people, Aristotle thought. This may seem fairly sensible, but is an important departure from Socrates and Plato who held that people never did things which they realized were wrong, and that all evil was caused solely by ignorance."
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"Epistemology: Becoming Intellectually Virtuous.", 2006.
A critical review of Jay Wood's "Epistemology: Becoming Intellectually Virtuous."
2,265 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
In his work "Epistemology: Becoming Intellectually Virtuous" Jay Wood embarks on a journey to discover what it means to know something. In this review the author explores the importance of living an intellectually superior life, which ultimately Wood describes as a life that involves selecting the right things to care about and paying attention to ones emotions and virtues, which ultimately ensure proper cognitive functioning. These ideas are applied to a Christian counseling viewpoint for each of the chapters reviewed in Wood's book. Wood acknowledges the virtue of believing in God and using this belief as a compass if you will toward discovering the truth in all matters.
Outline:
Introduction
Chapter 1
Reflections on Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Reflections on Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Reflections on Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Reflections on Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Reflections on Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Reflections on Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Reflections on Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Reflections on Chapter 8
Conclusions
From the Paper
"This chapter helps some up some of the ideas presented by Wood thus far, suggesting that some suggest success is related to reliability when tracking truth according to Wood, whereas others rely on adequate evidence to support their beliefs and still others suggest that beliefs must cohere with one another to be just and true. This chapter is very helpful in creating a foundation for ones own beliefs and principles. In my case I would suggest relaying on evidence based approach when working with others particularly in the counseling profession, as people are more likely to accept ones beliefs as valid and true when evidence supports them. "
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Adoption and Gay Couples, 2006.
Should gay and lesbian couples be allowed to adopt children?
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how prejudice against same-sex parents, preventing them from adopting, is not only unfounded but also transgresses the dignity and human rights of gay couples. It also relates how the issue of adoption is intrinsically linked to the larger social and moral question of the acceptance of gay couples as full and legitimate members of society.
From the Paper
"While society or sectors of society may regard parenting by gay couples with suspicion, there is no convincing scientific evidence to suggest that children raised by same-sex parents suffer any serious deficits or are deviant in any sense. (Hulbert, A. 2004) In truth much of the evidence points to the fact that children raised by gay parents are in some ways more balanced and resilient. There is also no evidence to suggest that children reared by same-sex partners are less intelligent or more likely to have problems than children of straight parents.
However, there are many prejudicial views against same-sex parents and the adoption of children."
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Electronic Surveillance in the Workplace, 2006.
This paper considers employee monitoring vs. employee privacy rights.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In the age of technology, electronic surveillance has become common practice in the workplace. This paper addresses the balance between the employer's right to security and production and the employee's right to privacy. The paper relates how employers need electronic surveillance in terms of security and productivity, but how much is necessary is what is disputed. The employees' view is that intrusive surveillance is not justified in either a legal or ethical sense and every human being is entitled to basic ethical rights which include a level of privacy.
From the Paper
"Additionally, with the growing use of technology in organizations, it is making it more difficult to balance an employer's right to security and production with employee right to privacy concerns. This issue creates a particularly difficult ethical dilemma. It is easy to understand why there is a philosophical difference in opinion on the issues surrounding electronic surveillance. What is not so easy to understand is the fine line between employee privacy rights and employer production rights."
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Business Ethics, 2006.
This paper discusses the importance of companies having a superior work ethic.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how business ethics today are crucial in determining a company's success; without it companies and industries can struggle and perhaps fail completely. The paper elaborates on how companies are increasingly recognizing these changing needs. The paper addresses the difficulty of defining ethics but offers a definition that a work ethic is a recognized norm of behavior that promotes being personally accountable and responsible for the role and responsibilities one performs. The writer concludes that as a manager of a company in his/her future career, he/she believes that it is most important to have impeccable ethics and to set an example for others.
From the Paper
"It is a different world in the workplace, where the old saying "what goes around, comes around" is being proven over and over. Today, more than ever before, it is critical for personnel and management to have a superior work ethic. Without it, companies and industries will struggle and perhaps fail completely as productivity falls short of what is required to reach goals and attain success.
Companies are increasingly recognizing these changing needs. The Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics surveyed CEOs of large corporations to determine the most important corporate ethics issues facing the business community. According to the CEOs, the five most important ethics issues, in order of priority, are: (1) regaining the public trust, (2) effective company management in the context of today's investor expectations, (3) ensuring the integrity of financial reporting, (4) fairness of executive compensation, and (5) ethical role-modeling of senior management. "
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Ethics, 2006.
This article concerns an ethical dilemma involving an employee's dismissal from a motor company, that is a major advertiser in a newspaper.
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The writer describes how the ethical dilemma arose when an investigative reporter discovers a threat of legislation against a motor company for unfairly terminating an employee. The motor company has bought a large amount of advertising space at the newspaper where the said reporter works. The writer describes that the stated policy of the company is to remain non-partial in its hiring and termination of employees. The paper shows that the employee claims that he was mistreated and subsequently terminated because of his race and religion. However, the writer reveals the reporter's claims that the employee had been caught stealing money from the company's cash box. This article discusses the problem that arises as a result of the company's refusal to allow newspaper reporting regarding the matter. The writer shows that if the reporter were then to write about the matter, it constitutes a conflict of interest with an advertiser.
From the Paper
"The reporter in question brought the matter to the attention of the editor, who contacted the human resources manager to discuss the matter. It was decided that it was in the paper's best interest to pursue the story. The policy of the Weekly Herald is clearly that reporting should be honest, current and impartial. If any place of business is guilty of misconduct with regard to its employees, readers have the right to know about it. Furthermore, in the intensely competitive world of reporting, it would serve the paper well to bring fully investigated, truthful and timely material to the reader. Waiting for the angry employee to go to the press with the story would be unfair both to the paper and to its readership. Firstly, the Weekly Herald would prove untrustworthy in terms of newsworthy items and secondly, it is likely that the objectivity of the story would be compromised."
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Principals of Morals, 2006.
This paper looks at views of morality with a particular look at David's Hume's book "An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals" .
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses David Hume's view of morality.
The writer claims that Hume suggests that one's sense of morality is based on a desire to have others think about oneself positively. One seeks approval from others and does not want to be rejected, so attempts to behave in ways that please others. He believes that the behaviors people disapprove of tend to make others happy. This means that morality may actually have less to do with right and wrong than one sometimes think it does. He also argues that it is just part of human nature to feel sympathy for others, and that everyone possesses sympathy to some degree. The writer discusses cheating incidents and relevant moral views.
From the Paper
"While most people may possess some degree of sympathy for others, the existence of such people as John Wayne Gacy and Ted Bundy, both ruthless serial sexual predators and murderers, suggests that not everyone sympathizes with others. However, they may be balanced out by people who go to extraordinary lengths to help humankind -- for example, Mother Theresa.
The best argument in favor of Hume's view of morality might be that different cultures have different senses of what is right and what is wrong. In our culture, fidelity between spouses is considered important. Faithfulness within a marriage is viewed as morally right, and infidelity is viewed as morally wrong. However, this is not true in all cultures. This in turn suggests the idea of Hume's social pressure."
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Shame or Guilt?, 2006.
This paper studies the differences between shame and guilt and how they both affect people.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
Shame and guilt are two feelings that are most of the time misinterpreted to be similar. This paper begins by discussing how these feelings differ from each other. Guilt is a feeling that is caused by our conscience that is disturbed or bothered. Shame, however, may root from the causes of guilt but focuses on the negative effect it has on one's personality. The paper then looks at shame and guilt in Iliad of Homer and with heroes where it addresses the misconception that heroes do not feel shame and guilt.
Contents:
What is shame and guilt?
Shame and guilt in Iliad of Homer
The guilt and shame in heroes
From the Paper
"Shame on the other hand may root from the causes of guilt. It is an emotion that may come along with guilt. However, unlike guilt, shame can have a greater effect to an individual as compared with guilt. Shame makes one feel embarrassed and humiliated which consequently lowers the morale of an individual in terms of social relationship with others. It is generally focused on the negative effect that shame effects to one's personality. Guilt, on the other hand is focused on the wrongfulness of the offenses that an individual committed. For example, when we feel guilty we always think of the actions that we committed, blame ourselves, and say things like "I should not have done that." Despite that we feel guilt, we can still socialize with others. In fact, guilt can be hidden from others. However, in shame, the offenses or actions that a person did can affect his personality and this can be apparent with the changes that a person demonstrates about mingling with others."
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The Death Penalty, 2006.
Examines theoretical perspectives on capital punishment.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a literature review on a number of theoretical perspectives of the death penalty. After looking at several theories and viewpoints, the paper sums up the literature and presents a conclusion.
Paper Outline:
Overview of Social Theory and Death Penalty
Symbolic Interactionism and Death Penalty
Functional Theory Approach to Death Penalty
Social Conflict Theory and the Death Penalty
Summary of Literature
References
From the Paper
"Unfortunately this theory is somewhat debunk, as there is little hard evidence supporting the notion that the death penalty successfully deters crime. In this case a functionalist may in turn look for latent functions the death penalty might serve including revenge or victim appeasement (Weisberg, 2003). Functionalists support strong condemnatory action because weak or less severe penalties may suggest that the underlying conduct "is not genuinely worth condemnation" (Weisberg, 467)."
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Animal Testing, 2005.
This paper argues against animal testing.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that people might talk about the benefits of animal testing but it is established that animal testing can delay the production of drugs, which would be beneficial to the humans, because they expressed adverse reactions in the animals. The author suggests that there are other alternatives to animal testing including test tube experimentation of human tissue cultures. The paper states that, even though it is difficult to measure the degree of pain and stress caused animals through this inhumane treatment of animals, which no legislation can prevent, this use of animals is immoral and unethical.
Table of Contents
Animal Testing - The Cons
Animal Testing - The Pros
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Moreover, vivisection does not guarantee the accuracy of the treatment as human diseases differ from animal diseases and the result can be very misleading at times. Further the therapy of the drug differs depending on the species that it is used upon. Therefore a drug might have beneficial effects on a monkey but it could have adverse effects on a human. Belladonna is harmless to rabbits but can kill a human. More examples like these are seen throughout history and one was seen in England where Opren, an anti-rheumatic drug, caused the death of over 70 people and put over 3000 people into critical conditions."
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Power in Human Service Organizations, 2006.
This paper examines the role of human service organizations in the non-profit sector by focusing mainly on the healthcare community.
1,493 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper explores human service organizations as primary fundraisers for non-profit groups such as hospitals and community centers. This paper details the various aspects of human service organizations which are an essential component in any community. This paper discusses how the monies are raised and then distributed within the actual organization. This paper discusses the numerous tax benefits available to non-profit groups which in turn are used to pay for services as well as staffing. The writer of this paper also touches on the bureaucratic and financial corruption that can and often does exist in these establishments due to the large amounts of monies that are raised. This paper delves into the available strategies to protect certain non-profit groups from misusing the finances raised. The writer discusses how implementing both scientific and business management theories can curtail corruption and mishandling of finances.
From the Paper
"Protecting the company against being financially misused is also something that is seen as being very significant, since there are some nonprofit workers that will try to use and abuse the organization that they work with for their own personal gain (Goehner, 1999). There are individuals like this all over the world, and nonprofit organisations must safeguard themselves against it as much as possible. Many think that it cannot happen to them, but it can, and does (Goehner, 1999). There are several steps that can be taken, however, to protect a nonprofit organization, and the below steps come from Goehner."
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Capital Punishment, 2006.
This paper analyzes the controversial and highly debated topic of capital punishment while the writer argues the negative aspects of this particular issue.
929 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the legalities surrounding the death penalty while also tracing its roots back to ancient times. The writer discusses the various laws pertaining to capital punishment in different countries around the world as well as its present status in the U.S. The writer of this paper strongly contends and explains why the death penalty must be abolished while delving into the moral aspects surrounding this specific issue. This paper touches on the fallibility's evident in the judicial system and the irreversible and devastating impact of sentencing in error an individual to death.
From the Paper
"Capital punishment is morally wrong because killing or murdering a human being is simply wrong. Period. There are no ifs and buts about it. Killing is considered to be a major crime in every society regardless of the circumstances surrounding the act. When killing and murder is deemed to be unacceptable, how can the the premeditated and cold-blooded killing of a human being by the state, i.e., capital punishment, be justified? Supporters of capital punishment content that it is an effective deterrent against serious crimes such as murder. This argument may seem a plausable at first sight, but closer scrutiny of the facts indicate otherwise. Murders are either premeditated or committed on the spur of the moment."
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Hypnosis, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines the history of hypnosis while also discussing its benefits and uses in treating psychological disorders.
2,134 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the roots of hypnosis to the 18th century when it was first used by Austrian Dr. Franz Anton Mesmer. This paper analyzes the various uses for hypnosis in curing and/or treating numerous disorders and conditions including convulsions, weight loss and even schizophrenia. This paper delves into the training and methods used in successful hypnosis. This paper details the benefits of hypnosis including cessation of smoking and dealing with diverse types of phobias. This paper examines the published research results pertaining to the effectiveness of hypnosis in managing physical pain such as osteoarthritis. This paper also discusses the morally negative aspects of hypnosis which can be both dangerous and highly unethical if not used as initially intended.
Table of Contents:
History
Methods and Training
Benefits of Hypnosis
Contraindications with Schizophrenia
The Research
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Eye fixation is a method most commonly seen being practiced in movies where the hypnotist takes out a pocket-watch and swings it like a pendulum in front of the patient. This method is not very effective and a large number of people or patients do not get hypnotized using this method. However the concept is to get the patient to focus on the moving object with such a concentration that they disregard any other external stimuli. While the patient focuses on the object, the doctor, using a low soft tone talks to the patient. "The hypnotist says to his subject, 'Let your eyes focus oil some point on the wall. As you continue to stare, your eyelids could become heavy, so heavy that they may close, and you might feel more relaxed about going into trance whenever you are ready, either now or in a few moments'" (Don J. Feeney Jr., p.75). This puts the patient in a relaxed state. This method has now become obsolete but was used widely in the early days."
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Anti-Trust Laws, 2006.
Examines anti-trust laws and cases in the United States.
1,652 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Economics is oftentimes shaped by societal conditions and political decisions. Such is the case with business operations in the United States. Antitrust laws have gradually emerged to reflect the values and perspectives of American society. This paper presents a discussion of the historical context of anti-trust laws, an examination of individual antitrust laws and amendments and an overview of the implications such regulations have had on specific companies.
From the Paper
"Just as the Sherman Antitrust Act affected some businesses, so too did the Clayton Act, its amendments, and the FTC. In the Standard Oil Co. of California and Standard Stations, Inc. versus the U.S. suit, the court declared the companies' tying agreements a violation of the Clayton Act and therefore illegal as they restricted free commerce. A similar decision was made regarding IBM after it was uncovered that the corporation required buyers of its computers to also purchase its brand-name punch cards (Dolan, 1983, pp. 253 & 254). A breach of the Celler-Kefauver Anti-merger Act was cited in a case involving Von's Grocery Company. The court ruled its merger with Shopping Bag Food Stores a violation of the Celler-Kefauver Anti-merger Act in that such an action decreased competition, albeit modestly (Dolan, pp. 252 & 253)."
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The Patriot Act, 2006.
This paper, presented by the writer as a talk-show interview, focuses on the pros and cons as well as the controversy surrounding the U.S.A. Patriot Act.
1,098 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper details the events that led to the U.S. government's implementation of the U.S.A. Patriot Act. The writer discusses America's aggressive approach to combating terror post 9/11 and its resulting impact on one's personal privacy and individual rights. The writer analyzes the security measures conceded to the U.S. government by the uniting and strengthening of America by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism, better known by its acronym the USA Patriot Act. This paper delves into the hotly debated controversy surrounding the government's strict regulations pertaining to immigration, security and individual profiling amongst other issues pertaining to this particular topic. The writer contends and explains how and why the Patriot Act infringes on one's personal civil liberties while giving the government the right to violate a citizen's right to privacy.
From the Paper
"Where are we to draw the line between these civil liberties that we hold so dear as a nation and the need to protect our nation against the insidious threat of terrorism, which can be perpetrated by one motivated individual? Logically, it makes sense to examine more closely the lives of individuals who fit a set profile of known terrorists, much in the manner that investigators can profile rapists or serial killers; if prior cases involved a white male in his twenties, no one will scream profiling when the police more closely investigate young white males. However, cases about terrorism where police investigate individuals who are fundamentalist Muslims, the religious group known to have produced the September 11 terrorists, are an almost immediate cry of "racial and religious profiling." Claims of racial profiling are complaints against what is an established police investigation method and are a last resort by accused individuals to divert attention away from their crimes and toward a more favorable outcome."
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