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Ethics of Social Promotion, 2007.
This paper presents an examination of social promotions in school.
1,997 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores what a social promotion does and then discusses the controversy surrounding its use. A case study is also presented in which a counselor disagrees with the social promotion graduation plans for a high school student and suggests several alternatives. The writer concludes that social promotion has a place in today's school systems, however, the need for personal responsibility cannot be minimized either. The writer maintains that the ethics of social promotion must be carefully weighed in each case so that the student reaches the most appropriate decision while not being enabled to deflect personal responsibility for success or failure. Further, the writer notes that school guidance counselors must be prepared to argue their case against the unwarranted social promotion of a student, while at the same time be able to offer alternatives that can satisfy the district by maintaining an ethical standard of high quality.
Outline:
Introduction
Social Promotion Defined
Argument for Banning Social Promotion
History of Social Promotion
Ethical Dilemma
Case Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The practice of social promotion has been a debated topic in the field of education for many years. Those who agree with its use believe it allows a student to succeed who otherwise would have no hope of success, while those who are against its use believe it teaches students that they do not have to make an effort and they will be handed success anyway, which will harm them later in life.
School systems across the nation have been dismantling their social promotion policy over the past few years citing the fact that students need to be prepared for the real world and social promotion does not prepare them. In addition the systems dismantling their social promotion programs believe it is unfair to the students who work hard to fulfill the requirements to allow their peers to promote without the same success."
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Ethics of Euthanasia, 2006.
An examination of the ethics of euthanasia using the Jeremy Bentham's principle of utility from 'An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation'.
1,424 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a definition of euthanasia, and then relates it to the principle of utility as described in 'An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation' by Jeremy Bentham. The paper then discusses the ethical perspective of euthanasia from the perspective of religion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From this point of view, if an action brings them happiness, it possesses utility; by contrast, to the extent that it does not do so is the extent to which it can be viewed as being a constraint to happiness: "By the principle of utility is meant that principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever, according to the tendency which it appears to have to augment or diminish the happiness of the party whose interest is in question: or, what is the same thing in other words, to promote or to oppose that happiness" (p. 12). In reality, then, the steps that could be followed in an application of this principle to the concept of the ethics of euthanasia are not very different from any other setting."
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Workplace Drug Testing, 2006.
A discussion regarding the legal and ethical issues surrounding workplace drug testing.
1,606 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the legal and ethical issues pertaining to drug testing within the workplace. According to the paper, the effects of alcohol and drug abuse in the workplace places a heavy burden on the business. The paper lists some of the affected areas as tardiness, absenteeism, turnover, attitude problems, employee theft, accidents, product defects, decreased productivity, crime and violence.
From the Paper
"It is difficult to ascertain whether drug testing can be mandatory or voluntary since the end state - and because it is backed by local, state and federal legislations - all drug testing can be considered mandatory! This is a valid premise because if an employee refuses, certain sanctions can be handed down by management. But the foremost consideration for drug testing in the work environment is that written policies should be in place. These policies should and must be cascaded to all employees and employees must sign documents attesting to understanding the contents of the policies. The policies of the company must have undergone review and validation by the medical, human resources and legal departments to give weight and credence to it. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (2003) states that, "Most employers test applicants and employees in one or more of the following situations: during an annual physical; before promotions or transfers; before being placed in - or routinely while in - positions involving money, security, or safety; after accidents; for past users; following treatment; when referred by management through just cause or reasonable suspicion; and on a random basis."
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Organizational Behavior Trends, 2007.
A look at ethics, decision-making and work-related stress caused by technology.
1,047 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how in today's workplaces, issues of ethics and excessive (and/or unethical) technology are each key considerations in the area of organizational behavior for managers, employees, and others. It discusses how issues of workplace ethics, including technological ethics, will likely continue to cause stress, moreover, as narrower definitions of workplace privacy continue to emerge.
From the Paper
" It is simply too easy in today's world for technologies to become ubiquitous at work and home, blurring the line between work and time off. At one time, workers at the end of their day simply walked away from their desks, files, typewriters, telephones, etc., and returned the next morning. Now, with cell phones; e-mail; fax machines; pagers; text-messages, etc., one's work environment intrudes regularly on home life and other time away from the workplace. Increasingly, anxious workers even bring laptop computers on vacation, in order to "check in" when away. Laptop computers permit workers, literally, to take their offices home (or to doctor's offices; waiting rooms; airports, etc.). "
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Plato and Ethical Issues Today, 2007.
The paper explores the relationship between the ethical theories of Plato's "Republic" and the ethics of warfare and counter-terrorism.
1,817 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to show that Plato's ethical theories provides for a theory of warfare and can be seen to support the ethics of counter-terrorism. The paper discusses how Plato's view of ethics, as it is explicated in the ideal of a just society, is based on an ethical and philosophical concept of order and the ideal of the correct way to live. The paper relates that Plato's idealistic philosophy has been severely criticized from many quarters in the twentieth and present centuries. The paper explains that it is often seen as anti-democratic, autocratic and even fascist. The paper maintains that, nevertheless, the ethical principles that he propounds have potential value for our often self-destructive and disintegrating modern world.
From the Paper
"For Plato in The Republic and elsewhere, "Virtue is order." (Plato and Platonism) This is a foundational theme that runs through his ethics. This sense of virtue also can be seen to justify warfare when placed in the context of the perfect society, as it reflects the virtuous order of the rational human being. However, one has to explore Plato's thought to understand terms like justice and order in the context of his overarching philosophical theory. In order to understand these ethical concepts one has to establish the relationship between these terms and the central issue in his philosophy; namely the relationship between the ideal and the real in the theory of Forms."
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Observational Studies of Police, 2007.
This paper discusses the ethics and risks involved in the research of police officers.
2,731 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper examines observational studies of the police officer and the risks, including ethical risks, that one might face in the course of conducting such a study. The paper notes the danger that is presented in one 'going native' and losing his/her objectivity, thereby clouding the research. The paper reviews various studies about the risks in such a research initiative. This paper finds that optimally one would research from a more detached or objective view and certainly accompany an observational study of the police officer with other types of data and analysis methods. The paper concludes how it is clear that the observational study of the police officer is one with inherent risks that the researcher should be well-prepared for.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem of Access
Impartiality
Going Native
Overt Vs Covert
Ethics
How Reliable/How Valid
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another factor to consider is the confidentiality of the information one might obtain in the conduction of research and the fact that a court order might order disclosure compliance and simultaneously conflict with principles in research and ethics. Related in one report are two specific instances when a court order might demand confidential research information being disclosed. Those two situations are: "(1) When maintaining confidentiality would undermine a defendant's right to full answer and defense, and (2) When public safety is endangered. (Lowman and Palys, nd)"
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Technology & The Organization, 2006.
A review of ethics and organizational behavior trends.
888 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper researches organizational behavior trends and the influence it has on ethics and decision-making. The paper also discusses the impact of technology on work-related stress. The paper further reviews various books and articles discussing this subject.
Overview:
Objective
Changes in the American Workplace
Worker Fear Associated With Technology
Technology Presents a New Ethical Dilemma
From the Paper
"There appears to be an ethical dilemma presented by the technological advancements of today's work environment and the worker's perception of job security which leads one to question the plausibility and the necessity of company sponsored training for workers in the area of technology an information technology. Ethical considerations are critical within an organization because failure to consider such issues may cause permanent damages to employees, result in employee turnover rates being extremely high and as well may negatively affect the organizational productivity overall. Briesch (2005) states in his work that: "Work-related stress is on the rise and job satisfaction has declined from 59% in 1995 to less than 49% in 2003. These three things - health, happiness, and productivity - are the essential ingredients of a good society. Improvement in productivity alone, which is almost the sole emphasis of many organizations today, is not enough."
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Immigration into the USA, 2006.
A discussion regarding the issue of immigration in America.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the difficult issue of immigration into the USA and its rigid border controls. The paper discusses how, as numerous commentators have pointed out, America is a country that was built by immigrants and it therefore seems somewhat ironic and contradictory that the question of immigration is a subject that divides the American public and which has been the cause of such heated and extensive debate.
From the Paper
"The advocates of this view call for a repeal of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, which criminalizes the act of crossing the border to search fro work. ("Tear Down the Wall": Global Exchange Statement on U.S.-Mexico Border Migration) This call is also motivated by the fact that many young immigrants are "... in danger of being deported for petty crimes or even for crimes they did not commit..." which can in turn result in "...separating and destroying families and uprooting youth from their home communities." ("Tear Down the Wall": Global Exchange Statement on U.S.-Mexico Border Migration) In essence those who are in favor of this view see the strict immigration controls as an exacerbating factor in the increase of crime and criminal behavior among immigrants. "
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Surrogate Parenting, 2007.
This paper argues that surrogate motherhood is an appropriate and ethical consideration for childless couples.
1,085 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the issues of surrogate pregnancy. The various types of surrogacy are defined as well as the possible problems that may arise because of this arrangement. Despite the implications of surrogate parenting, the author concludes that this is a viable means for childless couples to become parents.
From the Paper
"Because gestational surrogacy does not genetically link the host mother with the gestational parents, relinquishment of the child after pregnancy would seem much simpler than if the mother carrying the baby is genetically linked with the baby. Traditional surrogacy, requiring the carrier mother's eggs to conceive a child, automatically brings forth the question of whether the genetic mother should have a continuing relationship with the child after birth (Jaggar, 1994). It is important that couples consider the implications of traditional surrogacy. Still other opponents argue it is more difficult for the genetic or gestational mother to bond with a child she has not carried. There is adequate research however, supporting the role of the genetic mother and legitimizing her right to raising her child (Beckman & Ciccarelli, 2005). This research suggests that genetic mothers when provided ample support and resources are just as likely to raise a healthy child whether they carried the child to term or not."
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Code of Ethics, 2007.
This paper develops a system of inquiry to evaluate decision making, problem solving and behavior in a business setting.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a system of inquiry for use by business organizations interested in following a code of ethics or conduct when engaging in business activities. The writer explains that the system of inquiry is a tool that organizations can use to ensure that all decision- making and policy-making activities within the organization occur in a manner consistent with the values and morals of the organization, as outlined by the organization's code of ethics. Further, the writer points out that the system of inquiry can help guide business managers and key executives within the organization when weighing the benefits versus costs of engaging in various business activities. This paper entails the use of a system of inquiry to evaluate decision making, problem solving and social behaviors in a business setting.
Outline:
Overview of the System of Inquiry
System of Inquiry
How Do Business Decisions Affect Internal and External Customers?
Can The Problem Be Solved in an Ethical Manner?
When Should The Code of Ethics Be Considered?
Who Should Use the System of Inquiry?
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The system of inquiry proposed will use as its foundation the Matsushita Group's code of conduct. This code's purpose includes maintaining the organization's commitment to "social contributions" through business related activities and promoting corporate "social responsibility" to customers of the organization, both internal and external. The code of conduct used applies to all member of the organization including executive members and front line managers as well as front line employees of the organization. The code of conduct suggests that the organization must embrace integrated processes and philosophies reflecting the diverse population employed and serviced by the organization."
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Long-Term Care Ethics, 2006.
A discussion regarding the ethics in long-term care.
1,487 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the hotly debated issue of the ethics involved in long-term care. The paper reports that despite the law that the nursing facility must have sufficient nursing staff to provide nursing and related services to attain or maintain the highest practicable physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being of each resident, as determined by resident assessments and individual plans of care, abuse is commonplace.
From the Paper
"Just like daycare services the states are left to regulate the number of nursing aides (working toward their CNA certification a process that takes only 75 hours of class and clinical time much of which they fulfill while working, a short written exam and short clinical exam) or CNAs (who have fulfilled the brief qualifications and been registered with the state as CNAs) who must be present to provide care to the population of the facility. The federal regulations rely on a system of reviewing all patient care plans and determining the number based on this, though the states often regulate further determining a number of patient, depending on level of care, per aide per shift (often with a shift differential where the daytime shifts when people are needing to be more active have more aids working) Yet, the numbers are minimalist and often skilled nursing services will report being understaffed. (Eric Bates, 1999, p. 11)"
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Ethics of Care, 2006.
A look at the philosophy of Emmanuel Kant and Aristotle in relation to the ethics of care.
1,317 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses philosophers such as Emmanuel Kant and Aristotle, who wrote extensively on ethics and how to live within society. The paper goes on to discuss other general philosophies of ethics such as the currently accepted ethics of care and more traditional systems such as the social contract.
From the Paper
"Kant's distinction between ethics and self-interest appears to be of interest in this particular case. For this philosopher, the conflict between what an individual wants and ought to do, lies in the fact that morality is seldom as spontaneous as self-gratification (Online Guide to Ethics and Moral Philosophy). Going to the trouble of helping a person in need is less spontaneous than looking the other way or serving some other, more self-involved interest.
When looking honestly at my situation from my own position of self-interest, I must admit that the thought of turning my friend in does not appeal to a large degree because I would like to continue my friendship with him. It is also much more pleasant to live in an environment without a "witch" making things difficult all the time. Thirdly, turning him in would mean going through a large amount of trouble in terms of police questioning, red tape and personal guilt. "
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Organ Donation, 2006.
A discussion regarding the issues surrounding organ donation.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the necessity of organ donation. The paper discusses the value of the gift that the organ donor gives to the donor recipient. The paper goes on to discuss the importance of college students signing up for organ donation.
Outline:
Problems
Description
Connection to Reader
Solution
Description
Adequacy
Implementation
Factors Necessary
Feasibility
From the Paper
"While many people think that a person can only donate organs after they die, this is not true. In 2002, one-fourth of all transplants performed in the United States were with organs donated by a living person (Gift of Life Trust Fund, 2006). A person has the ability to donate one kidney and live a normal life with the remaining healthy kidney. Also, in some situations, a portion of a liver, lung or pancreas may be donated. Blood, bone and bone marrow may also be donated by a living person. Just one pint of blood can help save four individual lives."
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Deadly Force, 2007.
A discussion regarding the use of a force continuum.
2,028 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the use of deadly force and how it applies to law enforcement. The paper discusses how the use of a force continuum is a topic that has come under fire in recent years as people being chased pass away or people being shot turn out not to have guns. The paper also explores the importance of a use of a force continuum while at the same time explains that force is sometimes necessary for the safety of the suspect, the public and the officers.
Outline:
Introduction
History
What a Continuum is
Problems
Legal Issues
How Force Continuum Works
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Use of force continuums didn't exist prior to the 1960's. At that time law enforcement agencies across the nation used varying degrees of force in any given situation and the officers had to decide in the field what to do in an escalating situation.
While it was an accepted practice at the time it began to bring negative publicity to law enforcement agencies across the nation as problems began to crop up. Whether officers used to much force and the result was the death of someone who did not have to die, or they did not use enough force and the result was harm to the public, it seemed that they were under the gun in many debates when it came to the use of force(Petrowski, 2002).
It was a problem for all agencies but a particular problem for law enforcement agencies that had officers in the field. "
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Cloning, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of cloning.
2,785 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look cloning, a subject that has become some what of an issue of contention. The paper reviews the various issues surrounding the idea of cloning and discusses how that even without cloning, science will still find ways to engineer body parts and prolong healthy life, like it has done over the last hundreds and thousands of years.
Outline:
What is Cloning?
Cloning of Mammals
Therapeutic Cloning
Advantages of Cloning
Conclusions
From the Paper
"There are of course advantages of therapeutic cloning and some would argue of reproductive cloning too but I believe that the potential disadvantages outweigh the advantages and many learned scientists also believe that cloning is unethical. Thirty three countries have already banned human cloning: they include Australia, Austria, Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Costa Rica, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago and the United Kingdom [Center for Genetics and Society, 2003] . In a UN debate on cloning the United Nations decided to abandon any treaty on human cloning for the time being. Fifty member states including the United States were pushing to ban all forms of human cloning. Fourteen other countries -- including Britain, Japan and China -- were lobbying for a ban only on production of babies. That would allow scientists to use "stem cells" gathered from human embryo clones for medical treatments [Biever, 2005]"
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