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Aboriginal People in Australia, 2009.
An exploration of the protection and segregation of Indigenous Australians from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century and the importance of this issue today.
2,719 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Australia's "Bringing Them Home Report", National Sorry Day and Prime Minister Kevin Rudd's apology that have marked significant achievements for the Australian government in reconciling with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. The paper details a brief historical background of the issue and discusses the protection and segregation of Indigenous Australians and their achievements in a move toward self-determination. The paper asserts that, in order to address the situation and prevent further damage to this group of people, the government must provide tangible support in the form of reparations and aid. The paper contends that only by doing this can Australia hope to truly apologize for its past.
Outline:
Introduction
A Brief Historical and Social Background
The Protection and Segregation of Indigenous Australians
Move Towards Self-Determination
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On February 13, 2008, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd made a move toward equality and openness for all ethnic groups in Australia with his apology to Australia's Indigenous Peoples. A motion to parliament, the apology specifically cited the controversial topic of the Stolen Generations as one for which the Australian government was sorry. Rudd apologized "to the mothers and fathers, the brothers and sisters, for the breaking up of families and communities," and hoped that the apology would allow Australians to become "fully reconciled to their past" in order to "open a new chapter in the history of Australia" (2008, n.p.)."
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The Stolen Generation, 2009.
A discussion on conflict resolution for indigenous people in the 21st century.
3,251 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how indigenous people, particularly the Aboriginal people in Australia, were adversely affected by nation-building activities. The paper gives a short historical and social background of the indigenous people of Australia and explains how policies such as the Child Removal Policy and thy Aboriginal Protection Act 1869 were often traumatic for the Aboriginals and often resulted in adverse social outcomes. The paper also discusses what is done today for the cause of reconciliation with the Aboriginal people of Australia.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical and Social Background
Indigenous Australians and the Impact of British settlement (1788)
"Protection" and Segregation of Aboriginal People in the 19th Century
Stolen Generation
Emergence of the Child Removal Policy and Policy in Practice
Consequences and Effects of the Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
Reparation
Public Awareness
Acknowledgement and Apology
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Perhaps as no other time in history, people around the world are reexamining how their countries can into existence and what types of actions were taken to achieve nationhood. In many cases, these reexaminations of the past have required a stark analysis of how indigenous people were adversely affected by these nation-building activities and what can be done to day to make things right. This process has taken place around the world in places such as the United States in their efforts to resolve a collective national guilt over slavery and the Indian Removal Act, as well as in Canada for their treatment of indigenous people. Likewise, Australia is attempting to resolve its own collective national guilt over its notorious treatment of Aboriginal peoples throughout the country over the past 220 years, but not everyone is of a like mind concerning how best to resolve these longstanding issues."
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Religious Traditions, 2009.
This paper discusses religious traditions within Hinduism.
974 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Hinduism grew up around a collection of different traditions and stories, and as such has many sacred elements. The writer discusses five elements that are the most fundamental and characterize the Hindu tradition, those of dharma, samsara, karma, moksha and yogas. The writer maintains that these five influence every aspect of Hindu life, as they represent the Hindu's understanding of the nature of the universe, the nature of life, the goals that a soul must have, and the pathways to achieve these goals. The writer concludes that the five sacred elements of dharma, samsara, karma, moksha and yogas combine to outline the Hindu understanding of the nature of the world, the goal of Hinduism and the path taken to reach that goal. Most of Hinduism's daily rituals, activities and traditions derive from these sacred beliefs.
From the Paper
"This is a key difference between Hindu tradition and many other religions in that because of dharmic law, Hindus believe that the keys to eternal bliss are here on Earth. The concept of dharma has a counterpoint in adharma, which includes intoxication, pride and contact.
"Samsara is the cycle of life, death and rebirth. This cycle is at the foundation of Hindu belief about the nature of the universe, and much of the faith is derived from this sacred element. The cycle of life, death and rebirth is endless, and driven by karma. The ultimate objective for a Hindu is to exit this cycle. To be trapped in this cycle is therefore undesirable, as it means that one does not understand one's true self. That lack of understanding traps one in the phenomenal world, in the cycle of samsara."
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Undocumented Immigrants in the U.S., 2009.
A review of Leo Chavez' work "Shadowed Lives-Undocumented Immigrants in American Society".
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the debate concerning the flow of illegal immigration into the United States and examines Leo Chavez' text that is concerned with the need to find the balance between proper asylum and regulation. The paper reviews how Chavez studies the culture that is being established within the United States as a result of immigration. The paper concludes with the assessment that this is an effective work on the subject, bringing a human aspect to a subject often assessed in statistics and legal wrangling.
From the Paper
"The United States has experienced a well-publicized and hotly debated inundation of new citizens. The new immigration wave of Hispanic laborers, incited by the proliferation of free trade and the promise of a more vibrant economy in the United States, has inclined a continually intensifying arrival of Spanish-speaking citizens to the central employment center on the North American continent. This has been met with both resistance, mostly founded on American labor class presumptions of increased job competition, and with excitement, generally held by those who believe in the overarching economic opportunities present in such swelling immigration patterns."
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"The Mbuti Pygmies", 2009.
A review of Colin Turnbull's "The Mbuti Pygmies: Change and Adaptation".
851 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Colin Turnbull's book "The Mbuti Pygmies: Change and Adaptation", which examines the long-term impact of modernity on the Mbuti tribes of the Congo region in Africa. The paper outlines the book's main ideas and posits that this work is a sensitive demonstration of the simultaneously destructive and interdependent relationship between the Mbuti tribes and their village-bound neighbors.
From the Paper
"The Congo is one of Africa's most troubling paradoxes. Rich in culture and resource and nonetheless embattled by economic, ethnic and political strife, its history is driven in large part by the dichotomy of its struggles. In the balance, there are fast-fading windows into the history of mankind like the Mbuti tribes inhabiting the Iruti jungles. Renowned British anthropologist Colin Turnbull would spend significant portions of his career immersed in the lives and habitations of these tribes both during the 1965 composition of his groundbreaking and widely read The Forest People and the 1983 sequel The Mbuti Pygmies: Change and Adaptation. The latter of these works is subject to review here for its interest in the long-term impact on these peoples of the encroachment of modernity."
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Global Business Cultural Analysis: Kuwait, 2009.
An examination of the cultural factors that need to be considered by overseas businessmen when they do business in Kuwait.
4,201 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates different factors to consider when engaging in business deals in Kuwait and how to integrate these factors into businesses to ensure smooth business operations. The paper discusses issues related to communication, different religions and how the Muslim Sharia law impacts businesses. It also looks at the importance of corporate social responsibility and the 'dos' and 'don'ts' of business deals in Kuwait.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Kuwait's Business Culture
Communication
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism and Shinto
Ethics
Corruption
Values and Attitudes
From the Paper
"It is very crucial for businesses and business people to carry out research about international business culture, especially about the cultures of specific countries in which one wants to conduct business deals in. This is because there are various factors that determine how business should be carried out in different countries; the way that one carries out business in one's home country is different from the way one carries out business in others. One should be aware of all the do's and don'ts; business etiquettes such as language, dress code, behavior and gestures that mean one thing in one country may mean the opposite in another country."
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The Australian Aborigine, 2009.
A review of the identity and discrimination against the Aboriginal nations in Australia.
1,161 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the plight of the Australian Aborigine as a result of British colonization. In addition, the paper discusses the traditions, religion and cultural aspects of these people and their suffering as a result of their treatment in myriad forms of injustice and oppression. The paper continues by suggesting a manner in which they could be integrated into Australian society without losing their identity.
Outline:
Social and Economic Organization
Religion and Ritual
Introducing Change
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Aborigines are a very religiously-oriented people. Indeed, as mentioned above, religious is highly integrated in all aspects of their lives. According to the Aboriginal Culture Web page, the religion of these people is based upon a system of various deities represented by the physical world around them. They therefore worship their deities via elements of nature such as plants and rocks. "
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Japanese Culture, 2009.
A discussion of the influences on Japenese culture and the defining aspects of Japanese culture.
1,083 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Japanese culture. It looks at the origins of Japanese culture and the influences on and describes how the roots of Japanese culture are found in the unique language and religion. The paper also discusses the culture of sport, dress, cuisine and gender issues and discusses how each of these aspects influence the overall Japanese culture.
From the Paper
"A key element of Japanese culture is the cuisine. Japanese food itself is driven by the geography of the country, and the rituals surrounding eating and drinking are derived largely from Shinto belief. Noodles, fish and rice are the staples of Japanese cuisine. That Japan is an island nation results in seafood being the primary source of protein, and some of the world's most famous fish markets are in Japan. Fish is often consumed raw, either on its own (sashimi) or in rolls (sushi). Japanese cuisine often features noodle soups, flavored with seasonings such as miso or dashi that are derived from local ingredients. In all but the most cosmopolitan cities such as Tokyo, Japanese cuisine is the only form of food to be found easily."
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Greek Culture, 2009.
This paper looks at the importance of Greek art and culture in today's modern world.
943 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Greek art and its relationship with the modern world cannot be stressed enough, for it could be said that ancient Greece and even the modern Greek nation would be unrecognizable if it was not for Greek art, which over the last two thousand years has come to symbolize Greek culture. The writer points out that several examples stand out like the Jefferson Memorial and the US Capital, both designed by adopting the architectural styles of the ancient Greeks. The writer notes that the role of the city of Athens is also highly important, especially related to the Parthenon, as is the literature created by a number of Greek writers. The writer maintains that in essence, without the genius of the ancient Greeks, the physicality of our modern world would not be the same.
Outline:
Abstract
Greek Art: Historical and Cultural Influences
From the Paper
"Of course, the history of ancient Greek art is inseparable from the city of Athens, where our modern principles of democracy emerged around 400 B.C.E. and which has become the penultimate symbol of Greek culture, especially related to the Parthenon atop the Acropolis which still stands today as the quintessential icon of ancient Greek architecture. It was here in Athens that some of the finest products of Greek civilization were created by Athenians, such as Phidias, one of the greatest sculptors of all time and responsible for the creation and overall design of the Parthenon.
"Also, modern-day Western society and the nation of Greece owe much to the writers who created the great Greek tragic plays, such as Aeschylus and Sophocles whose plays were ... "
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Incest Taboos, 2009.
This paper looks at incest as a taboo and social and cultural theories in this regard.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that while a wealth of scholars have investigated the role that the incest taboo has played throughout history, no one has ever arrived at a satisfactory conclusion as to why incest continues to both repel and fascinate. The writer maintains that part of the reason is that, despite all the research, the exact origins of the incest taboo cannot be located. The writer notes that while it is believed by some that incest is secretly desired by the vast majority of the population, others claim that it conflicts directly with the laws of nature, and is thus naturally avoided. Thus, the two-fold nature of the incest taboo is established. The writer maintains that the law against incest is a natural one that is rooted in taboos, that spring out of disgust with regards to the act. The writer concludes that this is a persuasive theory, in that it explains why incest continues to be viewed as taboo in human cultures around the world.
From the Paper
"While Frazer would also assert, on the psychological level, that disgust prevents people from committing acts of incest, Freud would come to disagree. In his legendary work Totem and Taboo, Freud addressed incest from the standpoint of the Oedipal complex. In Freud's conception of the origins of the incest taboo, in primitive societies, the strongest man of a tribe would possess all of the females in the tribe personally. Eventually, this man would be overthrown by other male members of the tribe, who, jealous of his power and sexual relations with the women, would kill and eat him. They thus had no problem with having sex with women whom their fathers had also had sex with. Shortly after killing the father, however, they would begin to feel guilty. For this reason, they came to form the notion that it was wrong to have sex with one's sister or mother - and enforced this as a rule. Freud feels that people are naturally attracted to the opposite sex of their parents, but prevent themselves from making a move thanks to well engrained social and cultural taboos against incest, as they developed in the scenario above."
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Cultural Barriers, 2009.
This paper discusses cultural and language barriers within the area of marketing.
1,089 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that social networking through such sites as MySpace and Facebook has become a popular and spreading interest in the United States. Such online contexts for community and group orientation and networking have originated in the U.S. and have generated remarkable success and innovative application there. The writer looks at how language barriers and cultural differences affect marketing efforts in different countries. The writer discusses that China is a market context where challenges are specific and dominant due both to the dramatic distinction between the Chinese language and Romantic or Latin-based tongues and due to China's isolated and distinctly defined cultural nature. The writer then discusses an approach to introducing a product like the iPod to Egypt, a country that is somewhat modernized but still characterized by many of the cultural distinctions of its region.
From the Paper
"In both of these, we consider that there is a real and difficult obstruction for organizations seeking to establish a meaningful identity.
"In consideration of the example of Foster's beer, for one, we are given a narrative detailing a long and difficult process by which the Australian beer distributor was eventually able to penetrate the market. For Foster's, one of the biggest problems was its prior strategic dependence on its name and Australian identity, which are easily and charmingly conveyed in advertisement in America. In a non-English speaking market, this is a harder association to draw. "
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The Hopi Tribe, 2009.
Looks at the Hopi tribe of Northern Arizona especially livelihood issues.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Hopis of the Three Mesas in northern Arizona were hunter-gatherers, but they began subsistence farming about 1200 years after they migrated northward from Mexico. They still are known for growing small, blue ears of corn without any irrigation. The author describes this matrilineal society, their pueblo homes, complex belief system and their dependency on tourism but not on gaming. The paper concludes that the peaceful Hopis are one of the few remaining traditional tribes in the United States, fiercely proud of their heritage and culture.
From the Paper
"The Hopis have a complex belief system, based on their cornfields and the growing season. They believe in over 300 different types of Kachinas, or spirits. They hand carve the Kachinas out of cottonwood roots and other woods and then decorate them with paint and handmade clothing. These Kachina dolls serve as toys for young girls, but they are also extremely popular with tourists who visit the mesas. Many of the Kachinas also participate in the elaborate dances and religious ceremonies held throughout the year."
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Communication across Cultural Barriers, 2009.
A discussion on human communication skills and other forms of animal life.
1,579 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the human ability to communicate and cites recent research into communication among other so-called "higher" forms of animal life.
Outline:
Introduction
Communication Theory and Intercultural Communication
Communication Through Symbolism and Ritual
Complex Ideas and the Limits of Nonverbal Communication Across Cultural Barriers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to contemporary anthropologists and evolutionary biologists, the essential element of humanity that differentiates us from our nearest evolutionary cousins is our ability to communicate, and in particular, our ability to do so verbally. Some authorities believe that verbal communication is a natural result of our large cranial capacity while others suggest the reverse, characterizing the latter as one beneficial consequence of the former (Poole, et al 2007).
"In recent years, research into communication among other so-called "higher" forms of animal life has led to a different possible conclusion altogether, in that human communication may differ much more in degree than in kind from other mammals and from our closest Simian relatives. Despite the fact that human communication may
represent the pinnacle of intraspecies communication, whales, for just one example, may have equally complex varieties of sounds that lie much closer to human language than previously suspected.(Gerrig & Zimbardo 2005)."
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Expatriate Experience, 2009.
This paper provides a postcolonial interpretation of Malcolm Lowry's work 'Under the Volcano'.
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Malcolm Lowry's 'Under the Volcano' was one of the earliest novels to describe the postcolonial condition. The writer discusses that as a wandering expatriate writer, Lowry himself directly experienced the feeling of displacement from one's national identity - a feeling that has increasingly become the norm in a globalized and globalizing world model that is fraught with problems. This paper, then, evaluates the postcolonial themes of Lowry's work in order to show the ways in which the expatriate author anticipated postcolonial modes of thought via the modernist project.
From the Paper
"Indeed, the expatriate experience was a major facet of the modernist project. From Gertrude Stein and Henry Miller to Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot, from Ernest Hemingway and James Jones to Samuel Beckett and James Joyce, nearly all of the significant writers of Lowry's generation dealt with this theme in their literary works. This theme was also a significant part of their lives, however. Indeed, in order to "make it new," it was viewed as necessary to detach oneself from one's native land and immerse oneself in exotic places. The resulting sense of dislocation was viewed as the key ingredient for the creation of works of art.
"Lowry differs from the prototypical modernist, however, and the sense of dislocation that imbues the expatriate experience is given a markedly different treatment from that of his expatriate predecessors in Under the Volcano. "
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18th Street Gang, 2009.
This paper examines the nature of trans-national gangs, concentrating on the 18th Street Gang.
1,839 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the trans-national nature of the 18th Street gang. The writer explains that strictly speaking, for a gang to be classified as trans-national, the gang has to have its presence in more than one country. This essay explores the reasons due to which this particular gang finds sympathizers and members in different countries. It is argued here that the motivation to spread out and seek to establish roots in other places is because of the very nature of this gang and because of the history of its inception. The writer maintains that there are widespread consequences for the trans-national nature of the 18th Street Gang. This essay shows that some of the trans-nationalism also comes from trans-culturalism. The writer concludes that illegal immigration and deportation of gang members is the key mechanism by which the 18th Street Gang has become a global gang.
Outline:
Introduction
Precedence for Trans-National Gangs in the United States
Latino Trans-National Gangs
18th Street Gang-Precedence for Trans-Nationalism
18th Street Gang as Trans-National
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Even middle school children are pushed into membership, sometimes against their wills, and eventually undergo initiation. This ensures the next generation of gangsters, increasing the membership and keeping the gang going.
"This level of openness towards membership has a historical precedence. This gang originated in the 1960s because an older gang, Clanton 14, which consisted of Mexicans and Caucasians who were already established in Los Angeles refused to accept the newly arrived Mexicans. These newly arrived, illegal immigrants, feeling ostracized and with language and cultural barriers to assimilation, banded together to form the 18th Street gang. They retain the character of outsiders, which makes them easier to accept outsiders--even from other races."
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