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The Case of "Jeffrey", 2008.
A case study of a young boy's developmental behavior.
1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 101 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This is a paper on the subject of child development which reviews the case of a young boy who, although quite bright, lags significantly behind other children his age. The paper reviews his psychosocial, biosocial and cognitive development and provides a lengthy assessment of the boy and his actions. The author also explains his behavioral predilections, his background, the responses of those adults in his life and notes what can possibly be done to rescue an otherwise promising child from future troubles and under-achievement. The author has also included the research sources used in the paper.
From the Paper
"There can be little question that children are the most valuable (and malleable) human resource in any society; they are, after all, the future of any society. With that in mind, it is essential to come up with a means of dealing with these behaviors in such a way that classroom learning and child development are not both hampered any further than they have been already. The case of "Jeffrey," a troubled child attending a local Calgary elementary school, is proof of just how important early, fast, effective treatment can be to the successful amelioration of a problematic situation.
"To begin with, "Jeffrey" is eight years old and in the third grade; he was born March 1, 1999 and grew up in home with parents who separated when he was three. As it turns out, Jeffrey's father was quite abusive to Jeffrey's mother and the family struggled financially; it is also worth noting that Jeffrey's mother was an adolescent when he was born. Finally, the parents are Caucasian and Jeffrey was/is an only child. According to his teacher - and according to the impressions recorded by this writer - Jeffrey's cognitive skills are quite strong; in fact, he is best described as exceedingly bright - a bit of an anomaly considering neither of his parents has much formal education. In all of the scholastic activities this observer witnessed, Jeffrey was always among the first done with his work and he consistently scored near or at the top of the class in both language arts and in arithmetic evaluations; indeed, Jeffrey appears to possess an unusually high aptitude when it comes to problem-solving. Overall, this writer came away with the sense that Jeffrey's cognitive skills were not - are not - the issue; rather, the issue for him is his bio-social and psycho-social development."
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Literature Review and Analysis: Culture and Development, 2008.
A review of literature regarding childhood development in diverse cultural contexts.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the influences of cultural variations on childhood development, by looking closer at the research that already exists on the topic. It holds that existing literature does not pay enough attention to the impact of culture, especially regarding the parent-child relationship, on developmental psychology. While the role of parenting has been long recognized as an important component in development, this recognition has existed mostly devoid of cultural context. The paper argues that culture does have an influence on development, and will consequently have an influence on any planned intervention strategy. The paper concludes that what is critically needed is further research into the subject to demonstrate statistically viable methods for conducting important therapies and interventions in different cultural settings that are backed by legitimate theory and research.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review and Analysis
Current Limitations of Family Therapy Theory
Importance of Cultural Context
Emerging Picture of Culture's Effects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On a theoretical level, developmental psychologists and theorists have been plagued by the same impulses that beset researchers in most disciplines: the desire to devise a single, all-encompassing theory. What dedicated researcher doesn't dream of a single theory that can provide all of the answers for all of the questions that have been (and will be) asked? This impulse has led to the creation of many theories, such as attachment theory, that strive toward a grand theory of development. But attachment theory has been exaggerated in its usefulness to explain actual instances of childhood development. Lamb (2005) concludes that development is much too complex, owing largely to the complicating effects of culture, to be easily reduced to a single theoretical approach. Contrary to the tenets of attachment theory, empirical data has consistently shown that there is more to development than just the parent-child relationship (though, admittedly, this is an important component)."
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Sleep and Breakfast, 2008.
This paper discusses the importance of sleep and a good breakfast to a healthy life.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that research shows the value of sleep and the value of a healthy breakfast. For this reason, it is assumed that going to bed early and waking up early in the morning to have breakfast will help one to be healthier. The writer maintains that these actions should be part of any health regimen and can contribute both to physical and mental health, making the individual not only physically healthier but also more mentally alert throughout the day. The writer concludes that the link between adolescent behavior and health later in life is well known now and changing patterns to get more sleep and to eat a good breakfast is thus a step toward long-term health and well-being.
Outline:
Introduction
Sleep
Breakfast
From the Paper
"The human body reacts to a human sleep cycle. At the beginning of the cycle, a brain chemical called serotonin starts the cycle, and this leads to the production of the hormone called melatonin. Soon after melatonin is produced, deep sleep takes place for some 4-5 hours. During this time. hormone is active and helps to regenerate the body. The last 2-3 hours of sleep are much lighter, and this time involves the cycles of the sexual hormones, with cycles that are active about the time the individual is waking. To match these cycles, the individual should be sleeping for some 7-71/2 hours. If the individual gets less sleep than this, then he or she is limiting the time for recovering from the stresses of life, which can add additional stress to the body each day. Also, improper and inadequate sleep does not support the primary hormones active while asleep. Since these hormones are the chemical messengers of the body and are vital to health, improper sleep patterns stress hormones and does not contribute to health."
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Full Disclosure vs. Anonymous Disclosure, 2008.
This paper compares the value of full disclosure versus anonymous disclosure as exemplified in cases of HIV and child abuse.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are benefits and disadvantages for both full and anonymous disclosure, depending on the specific situation. The author points out that disclosure involves certain exclusions and exemptions from the usual principle of confidentiality. The paper relates that, without full disclosure, a person may never obtain the help he need and other individuals may be placed at risk; therefore, full disclosure can be therapeutic and leads to therapy and healing. The author also stresses that anonymous disclosure can be more appropriate because of culture and stigma; however, the risks and dangers can outweigh the benefits. The paper underscores that debate between the use of full or anonymous disclosure requires a careful risk-benefits analysis.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Full Disclosure versus Anonymous Disclosure
HIV and Disclosure
Child Abuse and Disclosure
From the Paper
"The immediate goals then are to have the person use safe sex and ensure that the partner is tested. If the person does not agree to make full disclosure, then this is a situation where the health care provider is exempt from normal principles of confidentiality. The reason is that public health is at risk and other people's lives are being endangered. The process to be followed is to attempt to influence the person to disclose; if attempts at influence fail, then notify the authorities; and, if there is no action on the art of authorities, inform the endangered person of the issue."
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Child Poverty in Canada, 2008.
This paper explores the extent of child poverty in Canada.
1,134 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Canada's problem with poverty in spite of a generally strong economy and social programs to offer aid to those below a certain economic level. The paper discusses how a focus on child poverty is beneficial for families and contributes to a reduction in poverty and other social problems for the next generations. The paper points out that policies such as reducing taxes that do not address the question of child poverty, might be politically beneficial but are essentially short-sighted.
From the Paper
"The House of Commons in 1989 determined to find a way to eliminate poverty among Canadian children by the year 2000, but this has not been achieved. Instead, it has been shown that some 1.2 million children, or one in six, live in poverty today. A 2006 report shows that the issue is both a national and a provincial problem, with rates of poverty varying from one province to the next because of different public policies on income security and affordable housing. However, the current data shows that "no province has yet reduced poverty to a single digit figure as UNICEF challenged Canada to do" (Campaign 2000 2). Quebec is the only province showing a steady decline in child poverty since 1997, which is attributed "in part to a package of family support benefits implemented in 1997 including
rapid expansion of affordable early learning and child care services, an expanded child benefit and enhanced parental leave" (Campaign 2000 2)."
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Canadian Child Care Policy, 2008.
This paper analyzes the Canadian child care policy from a Marxist perspective.
3,520 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Canada does not provide child care allowing for the full employment of parents and, notably, working mothers who make up a large proportion of adults responsible for maintaining viable households. The author points out that the issues of childcare pertain not only to child poverty but also to matters that indicate the need for a national childcare directive. The paper relates that the 2007 Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit is a step forwards in aiding families with childcare expenses and promoting daycare expansion; however it does not promise practical help for families who are struggling. The author states that more poor Canadian mothers are moving to low income, ghettoized areas, which more often give access to subsidized child care facilities but at a price of exposure to crime and criminality.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Universality as Policy Defect
Who can Afford Childcare?
Assumptions to do with Mothers
'Working Class Child Care'
Observations of Social Welfare Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Critics note that Denmark's policy addresses a small territory and a population below 6 millions yet the model of compulsory facilities seems a fine starting place for what might occur in the Canadian provinces to follow the example of Quebec. In general, one wishes effort was made to explore examples around the world and the costs and benefits of programs encouraging the rise of daycare facilities, programs to make care affordable and all manner of bridges to help unemployed or low income parents to achieve both needed daycare and employment, along with affordable housing, towards a more constructive solution to socioeconomic problems than what is now seen in Canada."
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Ethics in Philanthropy, 2008.
This paper considers ethics in philanthropy with regards to the Save the Children organization.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the Save the Children agency and discusses in brief its values and ethics. The paper examines an ethical dilemma which invariably arises when such organizations endeavor to assist at-risk children, specifically, should utilitarian and/or social justice considerations be taken into account or should another ethical mechanism be employed when determining who receives what? In the end, the paper decides that programs and aid geared towards helping children should be dispensed in a manner that is color-blind and free of gender-based considerations.
From the Paper
"The Save the Children agency is well-regarded for its many earnest efforts on behalf of the most vulnerable members of our society. Simply put, the values and ethics which guide this organization are laudable and in keeping with the most estimable ideals of American philanthropy. Specifically, the organization is wholly committed to seeing to it that children everywhere should receive all the assistance they can so that they can enjoy happy and fulfilling lives (Save the Children, 2007a). Additionally, the organization has pledged itself to the operational principles of accountability, collaboration and innovation and to giving children and the communities that serve them in the developing world the services, skills, and resources that will make it possible for young people in less-developed nations to reach their full human potential."
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Development and Life Span, 2008.
This paper discusses aspects and stages of human development.
2,454 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that A. Grob, F. Krings and A. Bangerter describe human development in terms of an interaction between biological, socio historical, and social factors, as well as individual developmental tasks. Further, the writer points out that they also view the overall purpose of development as the person constructing his or her own biography by formulating personal projects and goals. The writer maintains that along with physical, cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial aspects of development, growth and development consist of developmental tasks and, even though they are interrelated, one task must be successfully mastered before the next can be begun. The same is true for the key aspects of development because barriers to development can interfere with growth and adaptation in later stages of the life span.
From the Paper
"Ongoing conflict and a subsequent divorce can cause the child also to be conflicted so that they do not have the emotional capacity to cope with the event. Academic work will suffer and their entire personality development may be affected. The results of such an event can continue into adulthood so that the former child becomes insecure about the idea of marriage and has trouble with relationships in general."
"The child's growth and development at any life stage can be influenced positively or negatively. With the young child, the environment and family context determine not only the child's physical and cognitive development but their future healthy adaptation as an adult. In terms of cognitive development, for example, if the child is not given the stimulating environment or the motivation to learn, they will not feel that they are capable of learning."
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Globalization: Its Effects Upon All of Us, 2008.
The paper looks at globalization and its overall impact upon human beings.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the arguments in favor of and against globalization. The paper shows that although globalization offers bright prospects for the future, its advantages depend on establishing effective regulatory apparatuses that protect the vulnerable. The paper concludes that until these protections are set up, globalization can only be considered a mixed blessing.
From the Paper
"Those who trumpet the salutary benefits of globalization often argue that the increased flow of goods, materials, capital and human resources across permeable national borders facilitates an increased information exchange and allows developing countries to access - far more easily than was once the case - the technological innovations and advanced business practices of the developed world. More than that, those who credit globalization for many things insist that the economic, social and intellectual phenomenon that has come to dwarf all others in the last-quarter of the twentieth century (and now in the first few years of the twenty-first) has permitted developing nations (predominantly in the global south) to develop late-industrial or even post-industrial economies of their own - something which, it is frequently argued, can only lead to greater prosperity for everyone. A good example in support of such a stance would be the development of extractive industries in African nations and/or the development of a thriving IT sector in a nation such as India as western countries flood Foreign Direct Investment and technological tools into that land."
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Child Welfare among the Pacific Northwest Indians, 2008.
A discussion of how understanding the child-rearing practices of the Pacific Northwest Indians and Alaskan Native Indians is important in providing the best welfare service to their children.
1,590 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses cultural competence within the context of the Pacific Northwest Indians and the Alaskan Native American. The paper describes family and community approaches to child welfare practice and also looks at social and (to a lesser extent) racial constructs in these societies. Finally, the paper at various times touches upon the lessons that a careful study of Pacific Northwest culture can offer to a child welfare agent eager to do the right thing.
From the Paper
"About the Coeur d'Alene tribe somewhat less is known but it is known that kinship was bilaterally based and that the same terms were used to address a cousin from the mother's side of the family as from the father's side of the family (Frey, n.d.). Whether or not this sort of practice is still in place is hard to determine (the evidence is scant) but, to the extent that any members of the Coeur d'Alene still cling to the "old ways", it is advisable that child welfare representatives respect the fact that Coeur d'Alene families are extended and close-knit and that a child's well-being is everyone's concern."
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Bowen Family Systems Theory, 2008.
This paper provides an assessment of the applicability of the Bowen family systems theory (BFST) through a case study methodology.
1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the Bowen family systems theory (BFST) regards the family unit as a single entity; if there are malfunctions with the family, BFST identifies that there are problems inherent within some aspect of the family. The paper identifies four components of BFST and addresses a case study in which these components are applied and used to asses the status of an affected individual from a troubled family background.
Outline:
Introduction
Four Components of BFST
Analysis of the Case Study
From the Paper
"Bowen Family Systems Theory (BFST) regards the family unit as a single entity; much like the components of the body form the whole of the person, in BFST the individual family members form the whole of the family (Searight, 1997; Titelman, 1998). If there are problems or malfunctions with the family, BFST identifies that there are problems inherent within some aspect of the family (Searight, 1997; McGoldrick, Serson, & Shellenberger, 1999). This could be indicative of problems held by one family member that is beyond the scope of immediate family life (e.g.: conflict for a parent in the work environment) or could suggest issues that are localized within the immediate family setting itself."
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Adolescents and Healthy Food, 2007.
A review of the article "Factors of Fruit and Vegetable Intake by Race, Gender and Age Among Young Adolescents" by M.L. Granner, R.G. Sergant, K.S. Calderon, J.R. Hussey, A.E. Evans, and K.W. Watkins.
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper critically analyzes the article "Factors of Fruit and Vegetable Intake by Race, Gender and Age Among Young Adolescents" by Granner et. al. The paper explains that although a number of methodological aspects prove problematic, the paper is also confounded by equally serious conceptual errors. The paper looks at the apparent total absence of research hypotheses and notes that the absence of testimonial regarding the benefits of eating healthily also leaves a question mark over whether poor diet is a concern for researchers, or even a problem willing to be explored. The writer believes that the discussion section seems fairly brief for a research topic apparently so broad in scope, but notes that the one notable finding of the Granner et. al. experiment - a high correlation between self-efficacy and snack choice - may be explored in further detail in the future.
From the Paper
"The research measures, moreover, provide something of a quandary. The complicated and numerous variables lead to a much more intricate and confusing methodological tapestry than would seem necessary. Measures such as race, age, and gender, and their impact on the food attitudes of adolescents are certainly necessary. However, measures such as "normative beliefs", "outcome expectations" and "modeling" seem a little excessive. Instead, the experimenters conduct something of a dual study of both these dependent variables impacting age, ethnicity and gender, and these former measures again acting as independent variables to fruit and vegetable consumption. If the point of the present research is indeed to examine a relationship between adolescence and poor dietary habits, the variables should be similarly simple."
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Nutrition, Exercise and Ethnicity, 2008.
A critical analysis of the article; "Patterns and Correlates of Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors in Adolescents" by A. Sanchez, G.J. Norman, J.F. Sallis, K.J. Calfas, J. Cella and K. Patrick.
796 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Patterns and Correlates of Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors in Adolescents", which demonstrates the ethnic differences in how adolescents exercise and get nutrition. The paper looks at the structure and methodology of the study and concludes that the study represents a high level of research quality.
From the Paper
"A 2007 study published in the Journal of Preventive Medicine, entitled "Patterns and Correlates of Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors in Adolescents" demonstrates that there are marked differences along ethnic lines in how adolescents exercise and get nutrition (Sanchez, Norman, Sallis, Calfas, Cella and Patrick, 2007). The study's purpose, as stated, was to determine the "prevalence, clustering, and correlates of multiple adolescent health behaviors" to assist in informing the "design of health promotion interventions" (124). The study examined a significant sample of adolescents, 878 children aged 11 through 15 years, and looked at their specific daily food intake, level and type of activity, and non-athletic activities such as watching television or playing video games. The article concluded that minority status was the second highest determiner of lower healthy food intake and lower exercise rates in adolescents - the most significant determiner was a low education."
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Child Development, 2008.
A comparison of the stages of child development as explained by Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson.
822 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the theories of child development by Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson. It shows how Freud's theory was based in the psychoanalytic perspective, Erikson's theory is from the psychosocial perspective and Piaget used a cognitive approach. The paper looks at their approaches regarding sensorimotor development, cognitive development and the different stages of child development.
From the Paper
"Piaget's stages are different to Freud's and Erikson's since Piaget only focused on the child to a point in adolescence. Also, Piaget is not concerned with psychosocial development except in terms of moral development. Piaget is somewhat similar to Freud in that during the sensorimotor stage the child learns about the environment through sensation and movement. Unlike either Freud or Erikson, Piaget concentrated on external influences such as the parents through which the child learns to shape behavior. During the preoperational stage, the child uses cognitive development and especially language to relate to what is in the environment (Issacs, 1972). In contrast to the bodily sensations that Freud described, Piaget maintained that the child gained pleasure from thoughts and fantasies. The stage of concrete operations is one of learning abstract thinking and rational judgments. The child's interaction with the world is completely on the cognitive level. The stage of formal operations provides a guide for the teenage years and for life because of fully developed reasoning powers (Issacs, 1972)."
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Predictors of Teenage Pregnancy, 2008.
A comparison of the construction of two articles which explore the key predictors of teenage pregnancy.
1,724 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly compares and contrasts two scholarly articles which explore the key predictors of teenage pregnancy. It looks at "The Relationship of Childhood Sexual Abuse to Teenage Pregnancy," by Mark W. Roosa, Jenn-Yun Tein, Cindy Reinholtz and Patricia Jo Angelini and "Childhood Victimization and Subsequent Risk for Promiscuity, Prostitution and Teenage Pregnancy: a Prospective Study" by Cathy Spatz Widom and Joseph B. Kuhns. Finally, the paper discusses the manner in which each article constructs its literature review and analyzes the theoretical frame-works underlying each work.
From the Paper
"As with the Roosa et al, study, Spatz Widom and Kuhns are to be commended for using a rigorous methodology. Specifically, they employ multivariate analyses to control for race and ethnicity (as well as socio-economic station) and logistic regression was utilized to ascertain the proper role of each variable in predicting destructive behavior. The basic methodology, in addition to being sound, is devoid of emotionally-heightened rhetoric. The article is also structured in a manner akin to the structure which informs the work of Roosa et al, so the broad suppositions in the introductory part of the paper are progressively explored in a manner befitting the best of the inductive tradition."
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