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"Into the Wild"--an Analysis, 2007.
This paper examines various aspects of the book "Into the Wild" by J. Krakow.
3,812 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper examines themes in "Into the Wild," the story of Chris McCandless's fateful journey into the Alaskan wilderness. The paper considers McCandless in terms of his relationships, and suggests that he had a fear of intimacy. The author also explores Chris's family background and childhood and its impact on his adult behavior. The paper also explores how and why he died. Two themes from the book, of living a fantasy and of going on a spiritual quest are also considered. Finally, this book is compared and contrasted with "Hunger" by Jane Stevenson.
McCandless's Relationships - #1
Krakauer's View of McCandless - #2
McCandless's Family #3
McCandless Death #4
Two Themes in Into the Wild - #5
Chris McCandless and the Mulrooney Sisters
References
From the Paper
"Chris McCandless was a very private and secretive person; yet, he was apparently sociable and attractive to people as evidenced by the relationships he established after he graduated from college and left his parents. Interviews in Into the Wild show his friends speaking of him with great affection; however, we can only infer how he felt about them. We know he must have felt some attachment because he wrote to them after leaving them and sometimes called them. He did not "burn his bridges behind him" by any means, but he always left them before too much intimacy could develop. Krakauer (1996) suggests that Chris may have had a psychological problem, a fear of intimacy. The quotation the author uses at the beginning of Chapter 7 by Anthony Storr suggests that some trauma in early childhood made such an impact on him that his "principle need was to find some kind of meaning and order in life which was not entirely, or even chiefly, dependent upon interpersonal relationships" (p. 61). Perhaps this explains what appears to be an obsessive hunger for meaning and his conviction that it could only be found in the wilderness. He could not allow relationships to get in the way of satisfying that hunger."
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Youth Crime, 2007.
A synopsis of the future actions of the juvenile court system with respect to youth crime.
3,004 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical and modern trends occurring in the field of juvenile justice and proposes changes within the juvenile justice system. The paper focuses more on restorative rather than retributive justice as a means of reforming youth criminals and reducing the rates of violent crimes witnessed among young offenders.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem Statement
Significance of Study
Historical Perspective Juvenile Crime
Future Directions
Restorative Justice vs. Retributive Justice
Theories Guiding Restorative Justice
Philosophical Foundations for Restorative Justice
Summary and Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"In recent years much attention has been brought to the increasing incidence of violent juvenile criminal activity within the United States. The juvenile justice system was crated in the late 1800s as a system for protecting the rights of youths that engaged in deviant behavior. At that time the focus of the juvenile system included rehabilitating youth offenders to help them transition back into their communities successfully (Tanenhaus, 2004). With time however that focus shifted, and juvenile justice courts began taking on a more retributive approach to youth crime, punishing youth offenders for criminal activity rather than working toward reforming youth offenders. Part of this resulted from lack of adequate funding and information about the best methods for addressing youth criminal activity. This shift in paradigm has resulted in increasing levels of youth crime and more violent criminal activity among youth offenders."
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Inhalant Abuse and Dependence, 2007.
This paper offers the analysis of a research article regarding inhalant abuse and dependence among adolescents in the United States.
3,622 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The research problem for this study was whether inhalant use in the 12 to 17 year-old age group correlated with inhalant abuse and dependence, and whether inhalant use progresses to abuse and dependence. The research delimited the scope of the problem very well by ensuring that inhalant use, abuse, and dependence were all made clear, the age group was clearly defined, and all issues of race, ethnicity, and other factors were also addressed.
Outline:
Ethical Aspects
Critique of the Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses
Critique of Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Critique of the Qualitative and Integrated Design
Critique of the Data Collection Procedures
Evaluation of the Data Quality in the Research Report
Critique of the Qualitative Analysis of the Research Report
Critique of the Interpretive Dimensions of the Research Report
Critique of the Presentation of the Research Report
Works Cited
From the Paper
"It does not appear that any of the participants were coerced or unduly influenced into providing answers for the study. There was nothing in the study about the participants having the right to refuse, and it can only be assumed that the participants were able to refuse the entire interview or refuse to answer a specific question if they so chose. Since the study does not state that these individuals had to participate for a particular reason, this is a reasonable assumption made from reading the study. The participants may have been somewhat vulnerable, however, since they were between the ages of 12 and 17 and it is possible that their thinking processes and their feelings about the study and interview were not the same as what would be seen from an adult in the same situation or being asked the same question. It is also possible that the interviewees in that age group lied or embellished their stories and answers for reasons unknown to the interviewers."
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Middle School and Bullying, 2007.
This paper examines the reasons behind and the consequences of bullying in the middle school years.
2,346 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at the problem of bullying in middle schools. The psychological consequences of bullying to both the victim and perpetrator are examined. The author also explains why bullying can be more of a problem in middle school rather than elementary school. The author concludes by stating that bullying should not be tolerated in school, and curricula should focus on teaching tolerance.
From the Paper
"Middle school aged children are in a seriously challenging period of emotional, social and physical adjustment. Challenges to students, parents and educators are multiple as these adjustments take place and many antisocial behaviors are observable in the population, in and out of the classroom. "Sex. Drugs. Puberty. Algebra. These are just a few of the problems that parents have to worry about when their eleven-year-old walks through the doors of middle school. The eleven-year-old, meanwhile, has to be brave in a scary new world filled with constant change that creates self-doubt and emotional turmoil." (Bernstein, 2002, p. 1) Bullying is an insidious aspect of the middle school years and must be addressed and dealt with like any other behavioural psychological problem. "The harsh reality of the bully/victim dyad is experienced by thousands of children every day..." "
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Childcare, 2007.
A discussion on the need for adequate and affordable childcare for single-parent families.
2,162 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper presents statistics showing the high costs of childcare, especially as it affects single-parent families. It argues that the need for childcare to be affordable and high-quality. It also examines the plight of impoverished women, who often have to use informal childcare arrangements in order to make ends meet. The paper calls for a balance between affordability of daycare and quality of daycare to be achieved.
From the Paper
"Over the past two decades, perhaps the most marked change in family structure has been the increase in single-parent families (Kirby). In 1990, the number of single-parent families with children under the age of 18 was 9.7 million, compared to 3.8 million in 1970 (Kirby). Moreover, children today are more likely to live in a singe-parent family for reasons other than the death of a parent for the first time in history (Kirby). Approximately 40 percent of children under the age of 18 will experience parental separation or divorce, and roughly one in four children are born to an unmarried mother (Kirby). Furthermore, 90 percent of single-parent families are headed by females, while single mothers with dependent children have the highest rate of poverty across all demographic groups (Kirby). Some 60 percent of American children living in mother-only families are impoverished, compared with only 11 percent of two-parent families, with the rate even higher among African American single-parent families, in which two out of three children are poor (Kirby). "
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Self-Esteem, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of self-esteem, focusing on students.
1,632 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer examines how the issue of self-esteem affects children's development. The writer notes that socio-environmental factors that impact on children can affect their development both positively and negatively. The writer also points out that children and teenagers who live under stressful conditions and who have difficulty getting along with their peers often experience a wide variety of difficulties including mental health issues, failure to progress academically, behavioral issues and drug abuse. The writer concludes that an educator's goal is to help a child develop self-esteem through school, if the process will not begin at home. Children who see themselves as competent are stronger learners and cope with life's stresses better. Further, the writer maintains that schools can provide an alternate experience for students where their efforts are valued and encouraged and where their strengths are nurtured and developed.
Outline:
Introduction
How is Self-Esteem Developed?
What schools Can Do
Critics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Schools provide a variety of services to their students. Instruction is of course their main purpose, but educators realize that students have significant emotional and social needs as well. Very often a school does not have to do a lot in the way or providing significant levels of social or emotional support for their students, but most schools are prepared to provide it, at least to some degree, when needed. Thus most schools have counselors, and most school districts have both psychologists and social workers. However, typically those people provide their services after things have gone wrong for a student. The possibility of early intervention, to provide a network of support for those children who are not going to develop self-esteem, resilience, and appropriate problem solving skills at home, should be considered."
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Obesity - A Growing Epidemic, 2006.
A discussion regarding obesity in the USA.
1,323 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of obesity amongst the American population. The paper reports that obesity is becoming one of the most serious threats to health in many industrialized countries and especially in the United States.
From the Paper
"Other studies and statistics support these views. Many of these studies claim that obesity is "... poised to become the nations leading health problem and No. 1 killer" and is "already the cause of 400,000 deaths a year...or 45 per hour..." (Hearne. S. et al, 2004) Each study seems more alarming than the last. For example, there are assertions that obesity will soon overtake tobacco use as the leading cause of preventable death, if current trends continue. (Hearne. S. et al, 2004) A statistic that is particularly shocking is that 119 million, or 64.5 percent, of American adults are overweight or obese. These and similar facts are repeatedly borne out by extensive research in various areas and states, and from different vantage points. "
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Sex Offender Rehabilitation, 2007.
A review of literature looking at the success of using victims of sex offenses in sex offender treatment programs.
6,033 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The literature review presented in this paper, focuses primarily on the historical origins of using victims in sex offender treatment programs. The paper further explores the nature of empathy, guilt and shame and the relationships shared among each of these variables. The intent of the review is to provide valuable feedback related to the efficacy of concurrently using each of these variables in treatment programs geared toward sex offenders.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical Overview Using Victims In Sex Offense Rehabilitation
Theories of Empathy
Theories of Guilt and Shame
Relationship of Guilt/Shame and Empathy: Effects on Intervention
Concurrent Use of Empathy, Guilt and Shame in Therapeutic Intervention
Literature Review Summary
Discussions/Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"Guilt and shame are often intimately tied to criminal acts involving sex offenses. There is a body of research suggesting that the presence of guilt and shame among sex offenders may inhibit any efforts toward building empathy within the scope of a rehabilitative treatment program. Kubany & Watson (2003) for example suggest that the construct of guilt has received relatively little attention from researchers but may have a negative impact on programs designed to help build empathy among sex offenders. They propose a multi-dimensional model to measure the magnitude of guilt one may experience after a negative event, suggesting that the more guilt a sex offender feels the more likely the guilt is to affect their ability or capacity to express empathy."
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Sex Abusers, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of sex abuse and focuses on the sexual abusers of children.
2,647 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the sexual abuse of children is clearly a complex social issue. The writer maintains that the criminal justice system alone is unable to deal with the problem effectively. Further, the writer notes that punishment will not cure the problem and in fact, some current ways of approaching sex abuse is counterproductive. This paper discusses that as a society, one expects the criminal justice system to deal with this complex social problem, but this really says more about a societal fixation on punishment than a desire to actually deal with the problem. The writer concludes that society must learn to deal with sex offenders in a way that truly protects the children.
From the Paper
"Kitzinger did a combination feminist and media study to determine how ordinary people learn about sexual abuse and what role the media play in disseminating information and influencing the judgements people make about it. She combined three sets of interviews, the first of which took place in the early 1980s when she helped to set up a hotline for sexually abused girls. Because the girls wanted to learn about other survivor's experiences, she then began to interview adult women and also mothers of sexually abused children. She collected 40 interviews between 1984 and 1989--a time of social change when awareness of sex abuse came into the public consciousness. In 1992 she got a grant to investigate the role of media in covering sexual abuse. She interviewed journalists and their sources, analyzed a whole year of media coverage, and worked with 49 focus groups of ordinary people in their churches, community centers, and clubs to discuss their views about children and sex abuse. Finally, she researched grass roots demands for notification when sex offenders are released from prison and re-enter the community."
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Family-Based Therapy, 2006.
A discussion regarding the integration and synthesis of relevant theory and research in family-based therapy.
2,474 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper researches and examines 'family-based, empirically supported treatments. The paper focuses on core therapeutic processes and outcomes and principles of good science. The paper further discusses the importance of applying theory in a manner responsive to the co-created reality of the clinical situation, and doing so in a way that incorporates sensitivity to cultural factors and other factors relating to diversity.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Repeated Replications
Barriers to Detailed Treatment Protocols
Functional Family Therapy (FFT)
Multisystemic Therapy (MST)
Integration of Theories
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Just as in the realm of education which combines learning theories in order to better inform the practice of the instructor, in the realm of psychological counseling and methods the therapist will often integrate two theories in order to apply individualized treatment that will be more successful in terms of the outcomes of the patient. Often the patient will have multiple problems that must be addressed and this can only be successfully accomplished many times through the integration of theories to inform the practice of the clinician and often varies from one individual to another. "
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Gender Differences, 2006.
A look at the differences between boys and girls in the classroom setting.
799 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of treating boys and girls equally in the classroom. The paper reports that no significant differences were found in terms of their successes and failures. The paper goes on to discuss however, how boys and girls behave differently within the classroom.
From the Paper
"Voyles and Williams (2005) studied how fourth- through sixth-grade students in a technology course who were learning how to build and computer program Lego robots perceived their accomplishments. The authors found no significant differences in the girls' and boys' estimations of their day-to-day achievement or in attributions for their successes or failures. However, the girls' and boys' behavior during the course was significantly different from one another. The girls asked the teachers more questions and made fewer self-positive statements. They concluded that teachers need to be aware of such differences in gender and take them into consideration during their instruction."
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Conflict Resolution, 2007.
A qualitative examination of humanistic psychology's effect on conflict- resolution ability among adolescent gang members.
919 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This research proposal evaluates adolescent participation in gang culture using principles of humanistic psychology. Specifically, the researcher explores whether humanistic psychology, with particular attention to the works of Carl Rogers and Virginia Satir, provides insight in dealing with adolescents participating in gangs. The paper examines whether adolescents can learn to give empathy using this theory and, if so, if this will help them embrace conflict-resolution techniques within their gang cultures.
Outline:
Introduction/Purpose
Background To Question/Significance of Study
Methods:
Research Design
Operational Definitions
Procedures
Statistical Analysis
References
From the Paper
"The use of holistic health practices including humanistic psychology for issues related to violence and violence prevention in youths and adolescents is well documented (Makinson & Myers, 2003) Multiple agencies including the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Medical Association have emphasized the criticality of addressing adolescents who are consistently exposed to violence, including children who participate in gang related activities (Makinson & Myers, 2003)."
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Juvenile Offenders, 2006.
A review of how the US legal system handles juvenile offenders.
2,178 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the American perspective on juvenile offenders. According to the paper, the USA is one of a very few countries that will sentence a juvenile offender tp the death penalty.
The paper further discusses how this is not true for all US states. The nature of the American justice system, is that each state establishes its own policy regarding the punishment of criminals.
Outline:
Introduction
Juvenile Law
Supreme Court Ruling
Public Sentiment
Missouri
The Psychology of Adolescence
From the Paper
"Recent research into the structure and function of the brain suggests that it may be more appropriate to treat even older teens as juveniles rather than adults. Brain imaging has confirmed that the human brain is still undergoing significant development and structural changes at the ages of 16 and 17 and that this affects the ability to make sound decisions and to resist impulsive actions (Beckman, 2004).
Much of this newer information is available because of advances in brain imaging techniques. Researchers are still exploring whether brain development finalizes around the age of 20 or at 25, but the changes that take place before that point are viewed as crucial to the ability to make good choices (Beckman, 2004). However, brain scans of teenagers show gray matter still being covered in a fatty protective coating called "white matter). Researchers found that just before puberty the amount of gray matter increases substantially, followed by a period called "pruning, where gray matter cells are pared away, while the amount of white matter increases. "
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Playground Design, 2007.
This paper proposes a meta analysis of children's motor development through the assessment and evaluation of playground design.
2,636 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is an evaluation of playgrounds, with specific attention to how playgrounds promote fine and gross motor development in children aged 3-7. The intent of the study is to review previously designed playgrounds and assess their efficacy at developing fine and gross motor skills using a five point check list. In addition, the results of the study are used to develop a theory regarding ways that designers can improve on the traditional playground design to make a playground more likely to help develop children's fine and gross motor development.
This study focuses on whether traditional play equipment is appropriate for the natural play of children and for encouraging fine and gross motor development in children.
Outline:
Methodology
Research Design
Data Analysis
Definitions of Dependent Measures
Statistical Analysis
Anticipated Results
Conclusions/Discussion
References
From the Paper
"To assess teacher perceptions of activities that may enhance gross and fine motor development, the author also proposes surveying no less than five teachers working with children at the elementary level to assess their views regarding gross and fine motor development in children at the playground. To achieve this the researcher proposes use of a short semi structured interview questionnaire that will prompt teachers to provide open ended responses to questions assessing the efficacy of current equipment at enhancing gross and fine motor development in children. The primary focus of this research will be to gain ideas for insights as to design improvements that may be made to help promote greater fine and gross motor development in children. The researcher will compare the information gathered from this portion of the research with information gathered from the Meta analysis to provide a well rounded discourse on proper design enhancements for promoting development in children using playgrounds."
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D.A.R.E., 2007.
This paper examines the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) organization.
3,406 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the most significant manifestation of the war on drugs, that is the "Drug Abuse Resistance Education", or D.A.R.E. organization, a non-profit entity founded by Daryl Gates, the Los Angeles Police chief, in 1983. The writer discusses how this organization aims to tackle drug abuse. The writer notes that within D.A.R.E. children and youth are informed of the exact consequences of their actions, while at the same time, presented with the responsibility to consciously make a choice with the best possible consequences. In this essay, the writer discusses various reactions and effects of the D.A.R.E. program.
Table of Contents:
The Problem
Today's Drug Issue
What Works?
Both Sides of the Line
Key Players
Conflicting Side(s)
Policy Points
Confronting Changes
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Drug Abuse ranks first in the 1980s survey. Today, in response to reported increases of drug use and abuse problem among the youth of the United States, the Government has declared a "war" on drugs. The most significant manifestation of this war is the "Drug Abuse Resistance Education", or D.A.R.E., organization, a non-profit entity founded by Daryl Gates, the Los Angeles Police chief, in 1983. During this time, approximately 25,000 police officers were trained to teach DARE. Forty-four other countries reportedly utilize DARE programs. DARE activities range from includes "visitation" lessons where police officers present brief lessons to students in kindergarten through fourth grade."
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