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The Ethics of Advertising to Children, 2008.
A discussion of the ethics of advertising to children.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at that question of whether advertising directed at children is ethical. It points out that the amount of advertising targeting children continues to grow. Children view an estimated 360,0000 advertisements on television before graduating from high school. The paper also claims that, not until the early 1970s, was advertising directed at children seen as a problem in the United States. The paper argues that, although studies show that children under the age of seven cannot distinguish the difference between an advertisement and fact, there is little if any regulation of advertising directed at children within the United States. The paper compares the US to other countries, which have adopted the philosophy that advertising directed at children is immoral and have stepped in with varying levels of regulation. The paper concludes that, regarding television, it is unlikely there will be any restrictions placed on advertisers; however, with the proliferation of sites such as MySpace, YouTube, blogging, and other future technological advances to the Internet, there may eventually be a public outcry for more stringent regulations.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Advertising & Advertising to Children
Advertising and Its Impact on Children
Why So Much Emphasis on Advertising to Children?
Notable Examples of Advertising to Children
The Regulation of Advertising
Regulations in Other Countries
How Likely Change Is in the Future & Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the US, there are currently few policies or standards for food advertising and marketing aimed at children. The advertising industry maintains self-regulatory policies established by the Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU) of the National Council of Better Business Bureaus. CARU's guidelines apply to all forms of children's advertising, but it has no legal authority over advertisers and can only seek voluntary compliance. CARU has a group of about 20 advisors and 35 supporters, many of whom are from the food industry, such as Burger King, Frito-Lay, McDonald's, General Mills, Nabisco and Hershey. The CARU voluntary guidelines list seven basic principles, which address areas such as product presentation and claims, endorsement and promotion by program characters, sales pressures, disclosures and disclaimers and safety concerns."
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The Impact of Various Media on Children, 2008.
A discussion of the negative effects of mass media on children and a suggestion of possible solutions to the problem.
2,410 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of various forms of mass media upon children. Specifically, the paper focuses on the impact of videos, TV shows, movies and the Internet. The paper takes a look at how each media can lead to potentially disastrous outcomes if not enough is done by parents to stem the over-exposure of their children to violent or unhealthy programs, games, or films. The paper also devotes some time to looking at a few important but often under-valued steps parents can take that will protect their children with regards to all of the various types of media outlined above.
From the Paper
"Excessive television watching, just like excessive time in front of a computer screen playing video games of one kind or another, can harm children in many more ways than merely psychologically. For one thing, too much television viewing can negatively impact a child's eating habits, weight, physical activity, interest in scholastic matters, physical health, and school performance. Every bit as troubling, a child's sleep patterns and his or her susceptibility to seizures can genuinely be affected by how much television he or she chooses to watch (Gupta, 1994). Parents who fail to understand these facts run the distinct risk of endangering the health and long-term welfare of their children."
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Absent Fathers in Two Novels, 2008.
An analysis of the theme of the absent father in E. Nesbit's "The Story of the Treasure Seekers" and Brian Doyle's "Uncle Ronald".
2,653 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts E. Nesbit's "The Story of the Treasure Seekers" and Brian Doyle's "Uncle Ronald", particularly with regards to the theme of the absent father. The paper points out that, on the surface, the books seem to have little in common. The paper adds that the former is a hard-hitting, realistic tale that most parents would have to think long and hard about, before reading it to their children, while the latter is a delightful tale where the unpleasant realities of life are merely hinted at. However, the paper asserts that the stories are similar in that they both deal at length with the issue of the absent father and that these largely absent fathers are crucial to the development of the protagonists of the books. The paper concludes that the main difference between the stories lies in the resolution of the problem of the absent father.
From the Paper
"We thus come to the first clear commonality of the books. Young Mickey lacks a father because even though he is in the house, he does not play the role of a father. He is not a father to be loved and respected, but a pathetic tyrant to be feared and hated. Thus, although Mickey appears to have a father, to all intents and purposes he does not. His father is present in the sense of being physically there, but has no useful communication with his son, and plays no positive role in his life. Exactly the same could be said about Mr. Bastable. Although he is physically there, he has no useful communication with his children, and plays no positive role in their lives."
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Censorship of Children's Books, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of the censorship of books for children, focusing on Susan Patron's book, "The Higher Power of Lucy".
1,938 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The focus of this paper is to discuss the censorship of a Newberry Medal children's book, "The Highest Power of Lucky," by Susan Patron. More specifically, the writer questions whether the word "scrotum" should cause a Newberry Medal children's book to be banned from libraries. The writer also discusses whether librarians have the right to ban a book because it has a word or phrase that relates to sex. The writer maintains that the censorship of books is wrong, especially when the book is being banned due to one word or phrase.
Outline:
Looking at the Book, "The Highest Power of Lucy"
Why the Author Used the Word
Censoring Children's Books
Censorship Creating Problems with Educational Staff
The Problems with Censorship
From the Paper
"Only at the end of the book does Lucky trust her guardian to ask the meaning of the word. Lucky is similar to many students today who have single parents in their lives. Lucky can also be compared to many latchkey children who fend for themselves while their parents are at work. Many of these children learn words and actions that are not appropriate, but it is a part of their every day life. Reading about Lucky will not reveal words that these children know anyway."
"When deciding to ban a book, the librarian should consider the purpose of the book. Why has the author created this book? What is the main purpose of the book? These questions should be considered before deciding whether the book is inappropriate. The themes of the book center on Lucky becoming a grown-up who needs to learn about language and body parts. If Lucky does not learn the meaning of words from her guardian, then more than likely she will learn about different words from her peers. Children will learn the definitions to different words whether they do it through parents, friends, or peers. Would it be better to learn different words from parents or peers?"
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The Authoritative Parenting Style, 2008.
An analysis of the authoritative style of parenting and how it can be relevant in the mental health setting.
907 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the authoritative style of parenting and compares it to the authoritarian style. It discusses precisely what makes a parenting style authoritative in nature. It then looks at how parenting styles can be a focus of attention in the mental health setting. The paper concludes with a brief examination of how an authoritarian parenting style was of benefit to the writer as a young person.
Table of Contents:
What is Authoritative Parenting?
Authoritative Parenting and Psychology
Response
From the Paper
"The best outcome occurs with the application of the authoritative parenting style. This parenting style provides guidance without the excessive control demanded by the authoritarian parent. The authoritative parenting style relinquishes enough control over the child to permit the child to experience personal decision-making. However, it also contrasts with the permissive parenting style by providing enough guidance to enable the child to develop "appropriate morals and goals" (Bornstein & Bornstein, 2007, p. 2). A permissive parent, for example, might say that a child can go to his or her friend's house without first learning if the friend's parents will also be home. An authoritarian parent may deny the child permission regardless of any facts in the case. By contrast, the authoritarian parent uses both the facts and the child's needs as factors and may even include the child in the decision-making process."
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China's One-Child Policy, 2008.
A critical examination of the Chinese one-child policy of population control.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses China's initiatives to encourage a drop in fertility. It maintains that the policy is neo-Malthusian and is a human reproduction rights violation that discriminates against female children. The paper concludes, however, that the economic development, modernization and changes in China have perhaps rendered some of these birth control policies useless.
From the Paper
"Mao Tse Zedong's policy of the 'Great Leap Forward" included the idea that China would be stronger with more people. In the first few decades after the Revolution of 1949, the central government encouraged large families and China's population grew exponentially. This policy turned out to be unsuccessful, bringing on famine among other problems. In the late 1960s China reversed its policy believing that overpopulation can hither their economic development and began to implement initiatives to encourage families to marry later in life, have less children and allow more time in-between children. Between 1970 and 1979 China did in fact experience a large drop in fertility. Only in 1979 did this initiative actually become a law."
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School Programs in Bibb County, 2008.
This paper discusses the implementation of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and the Individuals with Disabilities Improvement (IDEIA) programs in Bibb County schools.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in an effort to address failures in the educational system across the country, Congress passed the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and the Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEIA 2004). The writer points out that the effectiveness of these laws has been challenged in many states and in local jurisdictions. The writer then discusses that Bibb County is one of the areas that has put these laws into force and that has monitored their progress to see how effective they may be, with mixed results. The writer looks at this issue on the basis of the three criteria of efficiency, adequacy, and equity and notes that the system was found to be wanting in all three areas. The writer concludes that efforts have been made to streamline the system and to assure equity, and this process is ongoing throughout the system.
From the Paper
"In Bibb County, Georgia the School Board works with the Georgia Department of Education to implement provisions of the law, and the board reports that since the law has been in place, system test scores have been rising. According to the Board, using Georgia's Criterion Referenced Competency Tests, third graders able to meet or exceed the standards on the Reading portion have increased by eight percent, while fifth graders meeting or exceeding standards on the Mathematics portion have increased 20 percent. If a school achieves Adequate Yearly Progress under the NCLB, based on several factors including test scores, for three or more years in a row, that school earns the distinction of being cited as a Distinguished School."
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Article Review: Why Toddlers Bite, 2008.
This paper reviews an article titled 'A New Bit on Toddler Biting- The Influence of Food, Oral Motor Development, and Sensory Activities' by Ramming, Kyger and Thompson published in "Young Children".
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the most upsetting events for parents and children is when a child is bitten by another child. The author points out that the article addresses this problem from the standpoint of developmental problems including oral motor development, sensory integration and behavioral organization. The paper relates that Ramming, Kyger and Thompson believe that the best way to stop children from biting is to meet their developmental needs. The author surmises that, basically, children bite in reaction to different senses that they do not understand. The paper cites that the article suggests that the ways to prevent biting includes feeding the children foods that they can chew on and giving them oral stimulation brushes and other chewing objects.
From the Paper
"The authors believe biting is linked to oral development or the suck, swallow, and breathe synchrony. Children bite in order to change the environment. When a child feels stressed, the child bites to ease the stress. Sensory integration is related to the normal vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch, but also proprioceptive sense, vestibular sense, and tactile sense. When any of these are threatened, a child may bite (Running, Kyger, and Thompson, 2006, 18). Children cannot understand many of the senses that they are feeling so they bite to reduce the stress. The hypothesis by the authors states centers on the belief that a child bites when he is trying to respond to a situation but lacks the ability to handle the situation."
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Family Size and Educational Attainment, 2008.
This paper explores the relationship between family size and educational attainment.
1,092 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at studies that demonstrate how family size has an adverse effect upon the educational attainment of children. The paper then discusses a study that showed that Muslim nuclear families blessed with strong extended family ties can be large ones without their size negatively impacting the educational attainment of young people. The paper concludes that while there does seem to be a correlation between family size and educational attainment, other factors clearly come into play.
From the Paper
"To begin with, it must be noted that the correlation between family size and educational attainment is a phenomenon that can be explained by some (but not all) sociological theories. Structuralism, for one, is a sociological theory (as most students of sociology well know) that holds that people are shaped by the larger society of which they are part. In short, the values, the institutions, and the culture of a society shape the roles and actions individuals will play in life (incidentally, for an interesting comparison of structuralism to individualism within sociological theory, please see Gannon & Freidheim, 877-882)."
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Social Policy Brief: Single Parents on Welfare, 2008.
An analysis of the history of the struggle of single parents to survive financially in Ontario and possible policy solutions.
1,261 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a policy briefly outlining where the province of Ontario is failing single parents on welfare (or, more generally, single parents struggling to survive economically). The paper explores the problem, the nature and history of the issue and the stakeholders involved. It then looks at what the government (at least at the provincial level) can do and what is being done in other (European) jurisdictions. Finally, the paper discusses two possible policy options that hold out significant promise.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
History of the Issue
Stakeholders and Policy Recommendations
Governments and the Issue
Economics and Politics
What other Jurisdictions are Doing
Two Possible Options that Might Work
From the Paper
"In the end, social workers concerned about the rampant phenomenon of single parents in Ontario finding themselves trapped on social welfare can generally agree that something different from the prevailing provincial approach to the issue is needed. First of all, the minimum wage needs to be raised to at least $10 per hour and OW benefits need to be increased, as well. Simply put, ridiculously low wages give people little incentive to leave welfare behind exacerbate the cycle of poverty. Furthermore, child care services need to be implemented in full in this province - and that means money should be put towards new facilities. A huge amount of money is not necessarily required, but if a small percentage of funds allocated for social welfare were instead put into state-funded childcare facilities, that might be just what single parents need in order to re-access the labor force."
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Child Sexual Abuse, 2008.
This paper discusses child sexual abuse and looks at possible effects of such a trauma on a child.
1,212 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that child sexual abuse results in numerous long-term effects on the victim's later functioning and those later effects are demonstrated in low self-esteem and maladaptive behavior. The writer maintains that sexuality cannot be regarded as confined to the genitals or reproductive process, but rather must be understood as one component of the personality which impacts on personal identity and self-esteem. The writer points out that child sexual abuse cannot be approached merely as an issue of sexuality nor as an isolated event. It is trauma which affects the child's view of the world and, without effective therapy, will affect the individual for the duration of his life. The outcome of sexual abuse has a wide range and is also subject to wide variation from psychiatric problems to suicide. The writer concludes that whatever form the actual abuse might take, it is always a traumatic event that has the potential to alter the child's development, and is approached as such by therapy.
From the Paper
"The victim is transformed in a negative way as a consequence of child sexual abuse. Until such an event occurs, the person normally has a sense of invulnerability or the idea that bad things cannot happen for them. After the traumatic event, however, the same individual as a consequence of having that illusion shattered will then expect victimization to reoccur. According to Gorran, the experience of sexual abuse inevitably leads to a pronounced inability to trust, which leads into later problems with interpersonal relationships which are associated with the same underlying mistrust that persists over the life span. A second effect of child sexual abuse is that it destroys the idea of a meaningful, stable, and predictable world. Prior to the event, the older child has a view of the world that some other person can be victimized but not herself or himself. It is when the victim is acquainted with the perpetrator of the sexual abuse that the world will no longer make sense and cannot be meaningful for the victim; this is also the defining feature of the whole psychological impact of traumatic stress disorder. Trauma can include the victim's conviction that there is something deeply wrong with herself or himself, and especially that in some way they have instigated the assault."
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Pokemon and Capitalistic Development, 2008.
This paper discusses the global phenomenon of Pokemon and its relationship to Western capitalistic development.
1,957 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper explores Pokemon as being a nostalgic escape from, and a training ground in, capitalistic development. In order to understand this apparent inherent paradox in Pokemon, the paper considers its origins in Japanese cultural traditions and how these traditions have shaped its interrelationship with capitalism in ways that are subtly distinct from Western conceptions of capitalism and popular culture. The paper shows how this paradox is not unique to the Pokemon game but is actually deeply rooted in postwar Japanese popular culture as a response to, and a collaboration with, the market capitalism that defined much of postwar Japanese society.
Outline:
Introduction
Pokemon and its Context
Pokemon and its Paradoxes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Pokemon originated in the late 1990s as part of a strategy by the Japanese gaming company, Nintendo, to revive interest in its Game Boy portable gaming platform. Designed by the famous Japanese game designer Tajiri Satoshi, the game was intended to be open and modular to further development across media. In its basic form, it consists of a highly interactive play between players who seek to collect all 150 imaginary creatures or "pocket monsters"; hence the term "Pokemon". The marketing potential of the game lies in the fact that it is impossible to catch or buy all of the monsters (Tobin Introduction 3-5). By the early 2000s the number of pocket monsters had expanded to 300, and over US$15 billion in Pokemon merchandise had been sold around the world (Allison Millennial 4-5)."
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Non-Urban Youth Gangs, 2008.
A look at the problem of North American non-urban areas and youth gangs
1,182 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that youth gangs can be considered small businesses that serve larger lucrative operations. It shows how an exploration of increased youth gang activity in non-metropolitan areas of North America allows a glimpse of a broader criminal industry centered on front-line drug commodities but also on real estate speculation, fraud, mobility, branch plants, franchises and territories claimed by networks of which youth gangs are a visible symptom.
Outline:
Introduction
Gang Networks
Enforcement Approaches
Discussion
From the Paper
" A Royal Canadian Mounted Police summary noted the need to examine organized crime and gang trends, as opposed to incidents of youth crime in North America and also Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala as a 20-year phenomenon. (2006) Gangs surface in hinterland, non-metropolitan areas for logical reasons. In Canada, the shift to crystal methamphetamine marketing features demand for rural laboratory sites and preparing Crystal Meth requires supplies of anhydrous ammonia, a common farm fertilizer, so that Manitoba farmers are now told how to guard fertilizer supplies in the presence of dozens of small 'invisible labs'. Motorcycle gangs or other organized criminal networks, as far away as Eastern Europe, need to be understood as the foundation of gangs in all parts of North America. "
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Aggressive Behavior and Violent Video Games, 2008.
A analysis of three studies addressing aggressive behaviour and violent video games.
1,821 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper examines studies pertaining to violent video games as encouragers of aggressive behaviour. The paper explains that these studies take different approaches to the same mechanism that much previous research has asserted to exist between young people who play violent video games and observable aggression expressed in their thinking and self-expression or behaviour. The writer points out that one paper was found to be more thoughtful, varied, less reductive and more generative of new questions than the others towards reflection on what studies of this variety can produce in terms of useful or stimulating information. The writer then looks at how all three studies indicate the sway in psychology of what previous studies have found in numbers, in studies of varying quality or small differences seeming to be unanimous in correlating violent video games and user aggression. The writer concludes that many studies addressing violent video games in relation to aggression obviously point to an unspoken question as to why such aggression of sometimes very serious forms is demonstrated by many persons in North America - a society that has attained one of the highest standards of living, ever seen.
From the Paper
"A comment is made on violent media as known to produce aggressive behaviour according to various studies of different kinds. The conclusion repeats the introduction's statement on violent video games perhaps inducing automatic aggressive associations of the self. However, the reader is never quite sure what aggressive associations of the self are. One presumes that a student of a certain age has enough insight to report that, yes, he or she is aware of feeling angry or 'wired up' after interacting with a violent video game, but this need mean very little. Perhaps a student having had a difficult morning or a delayed trip to school would report that he or she also felt aggressive, or a student having had to deal with an intense, unpleasant experience of another kind. Again, is aggression anger, or anger expressed outwardly, or annoyance?"
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TV Violence and Aggression, 2008.
This paper discusses the effects of violent TV and video games on aggression in children and adolescents.
2,463 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the apparent effects of TV violence on aggression in children and adolescents have long been suspected. The writer points out that the effect of violent video games on children's aggression is not so well known. This paper explores the relationship between exposure to violent television and video games and the development of aggression in children and adolescents. The paper explains that this link is extremely important because in recent years in North America there has been a noticeable increase in children's violence. The writer maintains that if a strong link can be found between TV and video game violence, this could have implications for reducing and controlling the degree of violence that is presently witnessed in society. The writer concludes that the research into the effects of TV and video violence on child and adolescent aggression suggests that a certain child or adolescent under very specific conditions will very likely act out aggression after viewing a violent TV program or video game.
Outline:
Introduction
Violence in Television
Explanations of Media Impact on Aggression
Violent TV, Violent Video Games and Aggression
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sherry conducted a meta-analysis of research into video games and found that the effect of violent video games on aggression in children is less than what results from violent TV programming. The video games studies ranged over the 25-year period from 1975 to 2000. An analysis was made of all the studies during that time by analyzing the results of those studies. The effects of the more violent and graphic games were compared with the less violent games. The most important finding from this meta-analysis was that the longer the children were exposed to violent video games, the less of an effect was produced on aggression. It appeared that the children and adolescents had to be already angered and aggressive before the video game began in order for it to produce any effect. Other researchers have also observed that video games are different in their effect on aggression from TV. According to Browne and Hamilton-Giachritsis, video games merely amplify the effect which already exists of aggressive feelings and thoughts in the child or adolescent."
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