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Canadian Gender History, 2008.
This paper discusses Canadian gender history, focusing on masculinity before and after World War II.
2,050 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines how notions of masculinity in Canada have changed perceptibly over time. As a line of demarcation, the paper looks at how masculinity was perceived in the pre-World War II period, and the notions of masculinity that have emerged from 1946 onward - if only gradually. In so doing, the paper reviews traditional (pre-1939) notions about men being only worthy of the title of a man if they were willing combatants and providers, as well as how men today are now expected (and encouraged) to also be nurturers and care-givers. The writer presents a general idea that men are being pressured into becoming more feminine in their world-view even if Canadian society (at least in the matter of men as nurses) still harbors some sexual stereotypes that instinctively rebel at the thought of men fulfilling certain tasks.
From the Paper
"Reviewing the Canada that existed before the advent of World War II, the idea that men should stand and fight - whether for principle, for honor, or for love - was not one dismissed lightly. Without question, it was expected of a man that he would not lightly take an insult or slur cast his way. For instance, tavern fights were quite common in nineteenth century Canada and the masculine code of the era dictated that a man who backed down from a challenge was, for all intents and purposes, relieving himself of some of his manhood. What would be interesting to find out - although this writer had difficulty finding appropriate scholarly sources - is whether the average term of imprisonment for assault and battery offenses was higher in the pre-World War II era than it was, and is, in the post-World War II epoch. The reason why this is a significant matter deserving of further exploration is because new information might offer fascinating insight into how the judicial elites of the age (and all of those residing within the Canada of the time who wielded socio-political power) tacitly encouraged - or at least did not actively discourage - male violence. More than that, it would be especially interesting to find out how cases of violence that involved the "upper-crust" were treated relative to instances of violence that involved only the "plebeians" of early Canadian society."
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The NWAC V. Canada Case, 2008.
A critical examination of the "Native Women's Association of Canada v. Canada" court case.
1,478 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the relevant administrative law principles regarding the "Native Women's Association of Canada v. Canada" court case and asserts that in this situation, the Native Women's Association of Canada (NWAC) was given an opportunity to be heard vis-a-vis the issues in dispute, proper procedural guidelines were followed and the Charter prerogatives of aboriginal women represented by the organization were not offended. The paper shows how there is no evidence that the government officials acted in a fashion that could be construed as biased. The paper concludes, therefore, that the government acted in full accord with the principles of administrative justice and the Court ruling substantiates this unequivocally.
From the Paper
"During the constitutional reform discussions that led up to the Charlottetown Accord, various government-funded aboriginal organizations were invited to participate in the debate. Unfortunately, the Native Women's Association of Canada (NWAC) was not invited to participate in this debate. In the view of the aforementioned group, its exclusion from direct funding and from direct participation in the constitutional discussions of the day was a threat to the equality of aboriginal women. In particular, NWAC was troubled at the prospect that the proposals being bandied about with regards to constitutional amendments might very well result in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms not applying to aboriginal self-government. Suffice it to say, NWAC went to court to prevent any further provisioning of monies to other aboriginal organizations until such time as NWAC was provided with equal funding as well."
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Organizing Unorganized Workers, 2008.
This paper addresses the issues facing labour unions in Canada today.
1,448 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of unions maintaining their efficacy by focusing their energy and resources on organizing the unorganized. The paper highlights, however, the many factors that hinder unionization in Canada. The paper specifically describes the major barriers to the increased unionization of women.
From the Paper
"Without sufficient members, labour unions lose their power and efficacy, in that they lack the requisite strength in numbers for leverage against the employer, and thus cannot negotiate benefits for their members. It is therefore important that union membership remains at least constant. However, as the work force is usually growing, retaining the same percentage of union members requires ongoing recruitment. The problem is that so far from growing, union membership is actually dropping in many industrialized countries, largely due to major changes on the work front. For example, jobs are declining in the manufacturing industries (traditionally a good place for union recruitment) and are growing in the private service sectors (a place where recruitment is difficult, due to factors such as small company size, and a preponderance of part time, casual or contract work)."
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Caribbean Mothers and Stereotyping in Canada, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of Caribbean women as single parents, focusing on political correctness and stereotyping in Canada.
3,175 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the conservatism of stereotyping Canadian- Caribbean women who are single parents. The writer notes that this can be done frequently by 'concerned' politically correct scholars and activists to assert they are attacking unwanted attitudes regarding 'women of colour' or 'Jamaican single mothers'. The writer expresses some of what is noticeable in educated circles in central Canada referring to single mothers of Caribbean backgrounds, in quite negative, distorting stereotypes that often miss practical or philosophical realities, notably those of religion and orientations other than the material. This paper's topic reinforces a simple reality that one is influenced by mass media materials if one is not alert to their influence as a danger.
Outline:
Introduction
Racism and 'Oppression'
School Failure and Gangs
The Impact of Slavery Reexamined
Class Struggle and Consumerism
'Fieldwork' - Speaking with People
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The rest of the article refers to women of Caribbean origin having children when young, leaving school, living thereafter on social assistance or menial jobs. A stereotype of single mothers of Caribbean heritage in hopeless situations is now usual in a construction irritating single mothers who are achievers and sometimes excellent parents, able to provide constructive homes for their children on modest incomes. A strong bias in Philp's article is one of poverty always meaning severe disadvantage in contrast with a practicality and sense of priority found in Caribbean cultures as developed in ex-colonies of very limited resources till quite recently. Single mothers can be strongly aware of what is needed in life, and as stressed elsewhere in this paper, how to maintain their family's dignity, poverty not shameful when approached soundly, aware of how much worse off others are, trying one's best, valuing kin and conducting oneself well with others.
"Many contemporary Caribbean single mothers have had good role models in women raising children by themselves in more than one country."
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Canadian Involvement in the War in Afghanistan, 2008.
An analysis of the liberal and realist views of Canadian involvement in the war in Afghanistan.
912 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the Canadian military involvement in Afghanistan is laudable. It suggests that realists have a better understanding of the realities of international security and human rights protection than do liberals. The paper outlines the general content of both the liberal and realist arguments regarding Canadian involvement in Afghanistan and then briefly looks at how human rights and liberties can only be maintained if those who would violate those rights and liberties are held accountable.
From the Paper
"To close, the realists are really the more perceptive of the two groups inasmuch as they seem to understand that international rules and protocols have no "teeth" (e.g.: enforcement) if they are not followed up by force. Moreover, it may be said that radicalized elements infused with religious radicalism and with an intense hatred of the west are not exactly the kind of people who will listen to diplomatic reason - or to sanctions (like embargoes) that can hurt others as much as they hurt them. In the end, the Canadian military is doing a good thing - and should be commended."
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Statutory Interpretation in "Nguyen; R. v. Hess", 2008.
A case study presentation of the case of "Nguyen; R. v. Hess" and discussion of the federal statute Section 146(1).
2,082 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Section 146(1) which is a federal statute insofar as it falls under Canadian federal criminal law. The paper begins by presenting the case of "Nguyen; R. v. Hess" in which Victor Hess and Van Nguyen were each charged with having sexual intercourse with a young woman under the age of fourteen - an activity that clearly contravenes section 146(1) of the Canadian Criminal Code and its prohibition against statutory rape. The paper discusses the case and the history of the laws in Canada.
Table of Contents:
Case Brief
Facts
Procedural History
Legal Arguments
Issues
Decision
Reasons for Majority Decision
Ratio (Guiding Rationale of the Majority)
Obiter Dictum
Dissent
The Essay
From the Paper
"The parliament has the regulatory authority to re-shape as well as introduce bills that, with the assent of both Houses, can become law under the Canadian Criminal Code. With regards to Sections 151 and 152 of the Code, there is presently a movement afoot to elevate the age to which a child can lawfully consent to sexual activity from 14 to 16. Of course, the Parliament (and the government, of course) is rather constrained by the dictates of the Canadian Constitution; more specifically, the modifications made to any section of the Criminal Code must align with Section 7 and Section 15 guarantees of the Charter unless the implicit concept of proportionality as outlined under Section 1 of the Charter permits otherwise. In that sense, members of the federal judiciary have ultimate power in assessing the merits of the law."
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Homelessness in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of homelessness as a social issue in Canada.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how homelessness has been described as a chronic illness affecting all societies regardless of the degree of economic development and overall wealth of the nation. It contends that homelessness seems to be a social ill that, short of mandating public housing facilities for every citizen, cannot be completely eradicated. It also examines how the various research projects that have been tasked with studying this difficult social conundrum have typically approached the issue with strong academic objectives and usually combined with a sincere desire to affect positive change.
Outline
Overview
Homelessness
Dimensions of Homelessness
From the Paper
"Burt has pointed out the causality of homelessness by identifying its three primary causes: structural, individual and governmental (Burt). Yet, all of these various causes are nuanced and tend to manifest themselves either in unique fashions from one society to another or in a complexity of several of them together. As one homeless individual describes his homelessness, the direct impact that governmental policies, local or national, can have on homelessness, is readily apparent (Kerr par.23). Clearly the impact of urban revitalization can be a real stimulant to homelessness because by removing all the low-income housing in an area without supplying new low income housing elsewhere is guaranteeing an increase in the local homelessness rates. "
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The Globalization of 'Coolness', 2008.
A discussion of popular culture, racism and the transformation of the
Asian "image" in Canada.
1,221 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the upsurge in the production of popular culture for mass audiences, with reference to the transformation of "Asian" subculture in Canada; from racist portrayals only decades ago, to their defining "coolness" today. The paper argues that the social transformation of the popular image of this non-western group reflects how pop culture is closely linked to economic power and globalized cultural production in the post war era. The paper explains that Canadian social historians have argued that the Canadian mass media played a critical role in the shaping of racist ideologies and stereotypes to exclude Asians from Canadian mainstream society. In conclusion, the paper shows that as Asian economic growth continues, it appears likely that Canadian pop culture will assume more and more elements of Asian popular culture in the years to come as the "coolness" of Asian culture becomes ever stronger.
Outline:
Introduction
Images of Asia and Canadian Racism
The Cross-Cultural Origins of Cool
Cross-Cultural Coolness and Economic Power
From the Paper
"Today Canada, and in particular its large cities of Toronto and Vancouver, are highly multicultural societies defined by mass media and integrated into the global marketplace. In this highly mediated space, Asian popular culture - from the Hong Kong action movies of John Woo, to the cross-cultural popularity of "bubble tea", anime and manga, to children's television programs such as Sailor Moon and Dragonball Z - has played a significant role in the shaping of our society. This fact is particular ironic given that, only a few decades ago, the popular image of Asian in Canadian society was highly racist."
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A Molson Beer Advertisement: "I am Canadian", 2008.
An analysis of the Molson Beer advertisement "I am Canadian" with regards to advertising strategy.
4,330 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper examines advertising and the art of persuasion used in the Molson Beer advertisement "I am Canadian". It asserts that beer advertisements typically employ a marketing campaign that uses sexual innuendo, such as pretty girls to sell their products. It points out however, that the Molson beer ad uses a different mechanism, which centers on nationalism and cultural determinism, rather than on the common persuasive tool of sex to market the product. The paper concludes that the ad's strong emotional appeal, embedded within a social and cultural context, makes for extremely unique and effective advertising.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining the Target Audiences
Molson Beer Advertisement: Style, Appeal, and Strategy
Relationship Between Verbal and Visual Content
Meaning and Value in the "I Am a Canadian" Ad
Prevalent Symbols Displayed in the Ad
The Role of the Molson Ad
Emotional and Intellectual Appeal of the Ad
Crucial Aspects of the Molson Canadian Advertisement
Building Relationships and Trust with the Consumer
Is the Ad Memorable?
From the Paper
"The Molson ad was in the form of a rant, which added to its overall success. The verbal style of the ad was to outline some of the major facets of Canadian culture and present them as something that individuals should feel proud of. It is interesting to note that the ad also focused on stereotypes of Canadians by Americans, and focused on dispelling some of these myths. There was also, the presentation of issues surrounding American lifestyle, and a comparison of how Canadians supposedly completed these actions differently and more effectively. Lines like "I believe in peace keeping, NOT policing. DIVERSITY, NOT assimilation", posit to the fact that the ad was trying to show the clear difference between the two cultures and was trying to evoke a sense of national pride with these statements."
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A Labour Force 'System', 2008.
This paper focuses on how Canadian workers can be motivated to perceive employment in constructive ways.
1,742 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper stresses how no system of labour force development can hope to solve problems of employment and labour development in Canada. The paper contends, however, that a labour force development culture can make a vast difference. The paper explains the value of life long learning (LLL) and of employers seeing the merits in older workers. The paper emphasizes how the key is to get people seeing work, and looking for it, in a positive way.
Outline:
Introduction
Age as a Factor
Self-Sufficiency
Concluding Notes
From the Paper
"The concept of Life Long Learning (LLL) needs to be instilled in all Canadians. Morris is correct in stating the need for a new orientation. (2000) All workers need to approach working life in a spirit of learning. If laid off, this is a chance for new learning. If unemployed for a period of time, this too, is time for learning that may be of various kinds. Knowledge and skills are both important. For example, a person who cannot find a government training program can find low cost or free ways to improve his or her English. If knowing English, the person can perfect their French, and if needing to acquire various skills in supervised non-unionized environments will accept the worker who comes to learn, minus pay, for a set number of hours per week. It is just another way that constructive learning of skills and knowledge is found by volunteering. The individual needs to have an attitude towards working and employers that is 'win-win' and cooperative. Many industries still depend on the person who shows that he or she is willing to learn, that an effort will be made."
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Women and the Canadian Old-Age Pension System, 2008.
A historical overview of the Canadian old-age pension system with regards to female employees.
1,285 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of the entitlement of women in the Canadian old-age pension system. The paper points out that, although at first limited, the scope of Canadian women's enfranchisement in the successive public pensions schemes instituted between 1928 and 1985 did gradually widen, allowing more and more women to receive pensions. The working premise of the paper is that this progress was foremost the fruits of women's own labors, literally as well as figuratively.
Women in effect earned the right to a pension by earning a living in increasing numbers. The paper concludes that, in order to do this, women had to overcome the prevailing social mores, prejudices, institutional resistance and male-dominated cultural stereotypes.
From the Paper
"Data from the 1901 Canadian Census records a total male population of 2,066,000 and a total female population of 1,957,000. Out of this 1,618,000 men but only 215,000 women were gainfully employed; in other words, 78.3 percent of Canadian males earned their living by working whereas only 14.4 percent of Canadian women did. (Series D107) Some thirty years later, on the heels of Canada's first full-fledged public pension, 78.5 percent of Canada's 4,206,000 men and 19.4 percent of its women were gainfully employed. The raw numbers are particularly revealing: 3,296,000 men but only 752,000 women reported having a job. Yet, even if these results are skewered by the Great Depression, there were still over three times as many women working in 1931 than 1901."
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Identity Denial and the Canadian and American Japanese, 2008.
A discussion of the phenomenon of identity denial directed at Canadian and American Japanese.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines prejudice attitudes towards Japaneses Canadians and Americans. It claims that they often report experiencing estrangement and 'identity denial' by their fellow citizens. The paper draws upon history and literature to illustrate this phenomenon. It discusses the Japanese internment in the US during WWII, Sapna Cheryan and Benoit Monin's article "Where are You Really From? - Asian Americans and Identity Denial", and Joy Kogawa's novel "Obasan".
From the Paper
"Prejudice may still exist in Canada concerning people of Japanese descent, along with occasional prejudice faced by all newer communities, as may be part of the human process of resettlement, as in Irish immigrants or yore to face considerable ostracism as did members of some Eastern European communities. Early arrivals from China certainly faced ostracism and in central Canada report that they no longer feel a 'visible' minority, the community having developed over time its place in the mainstream, distinction remaining between persons of Chinese origin long established in Canada or those seen as recent arrivals. The point made is that some differentiation or exclusion may be part of the way of the world, more than overt racism, significant only if it produces direct abuse as opposed to exclusion. Then again Kogawa refers to a British Columbia where anti-Japanese and just anti-East Asian racism does seem to have been in place. World War II and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour had pitched feeling against a visible and concentrated community that was not well known to others and suspected of pro-Japanese sympathies. The day was one of racialist thought too, distinct from racism, and lingering belief in a 'yellow peril' resulting from unregulated Asian immigration. Films, hearsay and ordinary ignorance encouraged a generalizing of Asian peoples as though all engaged in secret society activities, in a Fu Manchu motif carried from people of one origin to another."
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Disabled Women and Employment, 2008.
This paper looks at the difficulties for disabled women to find employment, focusing on Canada.
1,107 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that people with disabilities face limited admission to health care, education, social activities and employment. Specifically, the writer points out that women with disabilities face the same criteria in higher regards and are disappointingly underrepresented in research, training and health policies. The writer maintains that although few advances have been made in terms of the Americans with Disabilities Act and medical/assistive technology, opportunities have opened doors for females with disabilities to participate in and gain access to services but there is still work to be done. This research paper examines women with disabilities facing challenges of finding employment specifically in Ontario, Canada.
From the Paper
"Disabled women who could not take the struggle received social assistance or began some kind of training that would benefit their disability and work at the same time. In one situation, a woman who suffers from arthritis had to go to a chiropractor almost three times a week and was too tired to go to work, which became a barrier. Since employers expect their employees to work eight or more hours a day.
"In another situation, a woman with cerebral palsy became an occupational therapist. During a summer program as a ninth grader, she assisted students with severe disabilities along with a speech therapist and an occupational therapist. She was advised not to enter the field of occupational therapy because of lifting and feeding the disabled children. However due to this incredible challenge to fight and help children, she became a pediatric occupational therapist after finishing college."
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Hockey and Canada's Identity, 2008.
This paper examines hockey's role in Canada's search for an all-embracing national identity.
1,389 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses what being "Canadian" means. In other words, the writer looks at the essence of the Canadian national identity. The writer notes that this is a surprisingly difficult question to answer and that it will not suffice to say that being Canadian means not-being-American! In this essay, the difficulties inherent in defining Canadian national identity are discussed. Furthermore, the paper argues that hockey has gained even greater symbolic currency in recent years as one of the few institutions that one still imagines to be truly Canadian.
From the Paper
"There are not many countries in the world where people wonder as much about their national identity as in Canada. Most Iraqis, for example, seem pretty clear about who they are, as do most South Africans, most Americans, most Brits, etc. Perhaps it has something to do with the fact that Canada maintains allegiance to the British queen, despite the fact that most Canadians will never see her Majesty, or stand under the grey skies of Great Britain - and at the same time, we are neighbours to the greatest, most dominant empire ever seen on the planet, i.e. the USA. Perhaps it is this that leads Canadians to their sense of confusion - we're no longer British, we definitely don't want to be American - so what are we? Moreover, it does not help that NAFTA, globalization and a spreading global mono-culture are clouding the issue further."
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Urban Homelessness in Canada, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of homelessness in urban areas of Canada.
1,572 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer briefly reviews the homelessness crisis afflicting many urban centers in Canada. Specifically, the paper looks at the causes of the problem, the attitudes of politicians and what they have done to combat the scourge. In addition, the writer discusses what can be done to rescue the situation. The writer maintains that social housing and rent supplements will save lives and will also allow Canadian cities to save money by sparing them the burden of having to care for ill and at-risk individuals who lack a roof over their heads.
From the Paper
"When one takes the time to probe into the matter, it is fairly clear - and lamentably so - that politicians have done a poor job of creating an official mandate for bureaucrats that makes them accountable, responsive and congenial to the needs of the most vulnerable members of Canadian society. For instance, homeless women contacted by the Toronto Star in a survey conducted within the last year report that government welfare offices who should be offering assistance to the homeless often view them with borderline disdain. Not to be overlooked, women in Toronto who have used that city's shelters in the past detail the troubling absence of security for women leaving the shelters after using their services. Indeed, a woman named Kathy Kunsman reports that sexual predators would literally line up in close proximity to the shelters so that they could accost women as they left."
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