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Culture and Immigration in Canada, 2008.
This paper discusses the different views of Himani Bannerji and Neil Bissoondath relating to the Canadian approach to immigration.
1,072 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the approaches taken by Himani Bannerji and Neil Bissoondath when discussing the Canadian model vis-a-vis immigration. In comparing and contrasting the two, the writer notes that it becomes evident that Bannerji, while she may very well have solid grounds for her vehement stance with regards to Canada and its treatment of new immigrants, is also guilty of being very selective in terms of how she defines the Canadian society of which she is a part. On the other hand, the writer points out that Bissoondath offers a rebuke that, because of its moderate tone and use of example strikes a chord with the reader; more than that, he explains how Canadian approaches to culture institutionalize incompetence and make race a criterion in matters where it should have no place. The writer maintains that in the end, Neil Bissoondath's belief that Canadian multiculturalism encourages omission and self-deception is a stirring critique that resonates.
From the Paper
"At this point, a number of things must be said. First of all, being designated a "visible minority" in Canada does not necessarily have the pejorative connotation Bannerji applies to it. For one thing, "visible minorities" are viewed favorably for affirmative action programs in both the workplace and in post-secondary institutions; secondly, given the aggressive, interventionist nature of Canadian multicultural policies (something Neil Bissoondath will discuss later), it is difficult to countenance the idea that being designated a minority in Canada makes one automatically marginalized - or subject to special "control" by the state. After all, Canada has some of the strongest anti-discrimination and workplace harassment laws in the world; therefore, if anything, being designated a "visible minority" grants someone protection from abuse and (if the wording of federal hiring policies is to be taken seriously) a "leg up" in the scramble for society's spoils."
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Health Care Delivery, 2008.
This paper discusses health care in the United States and Canada.
844 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that a comparison of health care in the United States and Canada demonstrates one significant fact above all others: Canada has a national health care system, while the United States does not. The writer points out that it is interesting to note that many within Canada believe that the delivery of health care services in the United States is considered superior, while there are those within the United States that believe that Canada's health care system should be the model of national health care that the United States should adopt. In general, however, the writer maintains that it is evident that both nations spend a significant amount on health care each year and that both nations still are plagued with health care concerns that have not been resolved despite their advanced knowledge about health care delivery.
From the Paper
"In relation to infant mortality, it is evident that the primary concern for both nations is poverty. In the United States, as well as in Canada, poverty is widespread and impacts the health of mothers and children through lack of nourishment, lack of housing and lack of ability to receive health care. Although Canada has a national health care system, it may be unavailable to some residents of the nation that live in remote locations and do not have access to transportation. In the United States, however, access to health care for the poor most often occurs by impoverished citizens visiting emergency rooms and taking advantage of the law that states that all people must be served in these facilities, regardless of their ability to pay. The problem is, however, is that most Americans in this situation do not enter an emergency room until the health issue has become severe. In addition, follow up care and prescription medications are generally not sought, creating ongoing health issues for much of the poor population."
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Subsidies for Tenants or Landlords?, 2008.
This paper explores the effects of subsidizing tenants directly as opposed to subsidizing landlords to build more affordable rental housing.
778 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how subsidizing landlords in British Columbia could lead to the development of housing which is still unaffordable for the city's poor. The paper relates that a property owner could use the subsidy to his or her own advantage and even if the owner builds a housing complex, it will only be useful to a handful of people. The paper maintains that for those in need to actually receive the benefits, the rental subsidies must go to the needy individuals themselves.
From the Paper
"In the case of either subsidizing tenants directly compared to subsidizing landlords in order to build more affordable rental housing units, one must inevitably side with subsidizing the tenants. This is primarily because subsidizing private landlords in BC is unwise owing to the province's particular rental situation. British Columbia is characterized by a "lack of affordable housing" (TRAC, "Tenants Group Warns..") and "private market rental housing (which) is only being built for the highest earning renters in the province" (ibid). The affect, therefore, is that subsidizing landlords in BC could very possibly lead to the development of housing which is still unaffordable for the city's poor. In order to ensure it is those in need of affordable rental housing who receive the benefit of subsidies, the subsidies must go to the individuals in need - not the governing owner who may use the subsidy to his or her own advantage."
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Urban Planning in Canada, 2008.
This document discusses the need for greater urban planning across Canada.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that if Canada wishes to maintain its advantage in sustainability and environmental leadership, it must continue to implement urban planning as a core strategy of sustainable development. The paper focuses on the greater Toronto area and discusses how urban planners have defined its geographic boundaries by the character of the surrounding geography itself. The paper shows, however, how its overall boundary making strategy may not be as clear as it could be. The paper concludes that without the technology to remap the region for various purposes, assigning requisite resources for specific purposes would be very difficult indeed for the city's urban planners. The paper includes two color maps of Toronto.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Urban Boundaries in Planning
Determining Borders as Urban Planning
Urban Planning Characteristics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"European settlers, across the breadth of Canada, have long utilized boundary setting and the definition of geographical boundaries for both cartographic and political purposes. This began with the earliest colonization of the Canadian provinces and continues, to one degree or another, today. Harris points out that the expansion of the suburbs following World War II created growing strain on Canada's cities and its natural environment that was quickly recognized as a threat vis-a-vis sustainability (2004). Yet, with the ever expanding population following the war, due both to natural population growth as well as to Canada's ever-more friendly immigration policies, urban planning became not only a benefit to sustainable development but a necessity."
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PSA Screening in Canada, 2007.
A discussion of the issues related to prostate-specific antigen (PSA)screening in Canada.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversial issue of screening for prostate cancer using the PSA test. It explains that PSA is used for its predictive value of prostate cancer in men and a value higher than 4.0 is positive and indicates the possibility of cancer; it is negative if less than 4.0. The paper discusses the serious issues related to the lack of physician adherence to guidelines in Canada and the out-of-pocket payment required of men in Ontario who wish to have the PSA test. The paper also points out that the central issue related to PSA screening is informed decision making as it concerns the patient and the clinician.
From the Paper
"Prostate cancer is prevalent in Canada which, in 2006, had about 10,700 new cases and 4,200 deaths from the disease (Beaulac, Fry & Onysko, 2006). The incidence rates for prostate cancer are low in Ontario, Quebec, and three of the western provinces. Incidence rates in Ontario are far below the national average. The low rates in Ontario appear to result from the use of PSA screening and other forms of early detection. A reduced incidence rate since 1993 across Canada seems to indicate that detection is now being undertaken in a consistent manner all over the country (Gaudette & Altmayer, 1998)."
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Canada and Climate Change, 2008.
This paper explores Canada's climate change policies from 1997 until 2006.
2,351 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that global climate change is one of the most pressing environmental, economic, political and social issues facing the world. The paper discusses how the Canada's conservative government of today is moving away from the Kyoto Protocol, following a policy path closer to that of the United States. The paper explains why Canada's policies around climate change have been changing so often.
Outline:
Introduction
Why has Canada taken these Actions?
What Should Have Been Done?
From the Paper
"Canada has engaged in a number of activities in relation to combating global climate change. On December 17, 2002 Canada became the one-hundredth country to ratify the Kyoto Protocol(Weibust 2003: 287). By ratifying the Kyoto Protocol Canada made firm commitments to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. According to MacDonald Douglas and Heather A. Smith in "Promises Made, Promises Broken", Canadian Negotiators agreed to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions by 6 per cent no later then 2012(Douglas and Smith 1999-2000: 357). What this means is that Canada under Prime Minister John Chretien was certainly willing to co-operate with the larger world community. They had made firm commitments and seemed to be following similar policy paths to European Union."
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Bio-Ethics: Rape and Abortion, 2007.
A discussion of ethics on whether a teenage rape victim should have an abortion.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the question of whether or not a 15-year old girl, pregnant courtesy a rape committed by an unknown assailant, should abort the fetus or not. The paper also looks at whether or not the parents of the girl have an ethical obligation to counsel her against the abortion, an ethical obligation to counsel her to have the abortion, or whether they should simply stand aside and let the girl make up her own mind. The paper explains that in addressing this problematic subject, it is essential that some philosophical theories be introduced so as to offer an intellectual framework for the discussion and the paper then examines Kant's deontology (with its emphasis upon the categorical imperative) and the theory of utilitarianism espoused by Jeremy Bentham, John Stewart Mills and others (with its concomitant emphasis upon "proportionality"). In conclusion, the paper shows that a deontological approach to this problem is too inflexible and unyielding and that a better resolution is to apply a proportionality test which recognizes that the harm which would be done to the young girl if the child was brought to term outweighs the argument by others that abortion is unethical.
From the Paper
"In the view of Erin Soros, the fetus arising from a rape becomes, at least for the woman or child who must bear it, a manifestation and reminder of the illegitimate desire of another. Additionally, the fetus is "a physical replacement for the part of herself that was lost through the trauma" (Soros, 1998, p.153). From an ethical stand-point, the woman's body has been violated by another and, to the extent that an abortion can heal the psychic wounds inflicted by rape, a woman is entirely within her prerogatives to demand that the product of sexual violence be excised from her being. For the young girl whose story lies at the heart of this paper, there is a utilitarian component to all of this; to wit, the suffering she would endure, and the displacement within her life which would result, from bringing the child to term outweighs whatever loss might be associated with aborting the fetus - at least that is Erin Soros' view."
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Placebo Environmental Policies, 2007.
This paper describes the use of placebo policies in the management of Canadian environmental issues.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that placebo policies in environmental management are used by some government entities to mislead the government on its anti-environment agenda. The author cites specifically the Harris government in Ontario, which imposes policies that seem to be for the environment but are not, and the Saskatchewan Environmental Society, which has a more effective history depending on implementation. The paper relates that placebo policy has the effect of manipulating public opinion on the issue, reducing public input and participation in the process of making policy, and rolling back earlier environmental initiatives.
From the Paper
"A number of placebo policies can be found in Ontario, such as the government's attempt at manipulating public opinion on the issue of urban smog. When a highly publicized smog patrol program was introduced, along with summer gasoline volatility limits to reduce volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by 2 per cent, analysts found that overall VOC emissions were expected to rise by 10 per cent per decade as a result of other government policies that promote urban sprawl."
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"Burning Vision" and "The Unnatural and Accidental Women", 2008.
An analysis of the theme of "Aboriginality" in Marie Clements' plays "Burning Vision" and "The Unnatural and Accidental Women" .
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Marie Clements' two plays, "Burning Vision" and "The Unnatural and Accidental Women", both feature primarily Aboriginal characters, and foreground Aboriginal issues. The paper examines how the two plays approach these subject matters in very different ways and how Clements situates Aboriginals as people who have been oppressed by colonizers from over the seas. The paper also looks at how Clements depicts urban Aboriginals as living in poor socio-economic conditions, vulnerable to white psychopaths, and how she seems to imply that Aboriginal people belong where they were before the colonizers came - if not physically, then at least psychically.
From the Paper
"Burning Vision is set in many different locations, as it is about colonialism and the atomic bomb. However, with regard to Aboriginals, it features the Dene people who mined pitchblende near Great Bear Lake in the North West Territory in the 1930s. The Unnatural and Accidental Women focuses on an entirely different group of Aboriginals, i.e. poor women living in Vancouver's Eastside in the 1980s. The two plays thus feature geographically and chronologically different people. However, certain commonalities can be detected, primarily related to the fact that both groups are the victims of colonization in one way or another."
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Mixing in "Burning Vision", 2008.
This paper studies the aspects of identity and mixing in the play "Burning Vision" by Marie Clements.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the play 'Burning Vision' raises questions about race, nation, identity and belonging, particularly through the metaphor of mixing. The writer notes that "Burning Vision" is a complex play, in which many story-lines mix together simultaneously. This reflects the complexity of the subject matter, as the play deals with profoundly important issues, such as war, death, colonialism, grieving, loss, hope, racism and exploitation, etc. The writer maintains that the play highlights the interconnectedness of all of these geographically, racially and nationally divided people, in a huge cycle of death of destruction. In so doing, it highlights Canada's limited ability to be inclusive, and finally offers a possibility for overcoming those limitations. This essay examines what the play has to suggest about the nation's ability to be inclusive, and what it offers as a possibility for overcoming those limitations. The writer concludes that the play ends on an upbeat note of mixing in a positive sense.
From the Paper
"This is chilling in many ways. First of all, LITTLE BOY is a lost and lonely, pathetic character in the play. Second, LITTLE BOY was also the name of the bomb dropped on Nagasaki, so the character is associated with death and murder. Third, LITTLE BOY implied that identities are stolen when colonialists lay claim to a people - which, as we know, is very much the Canadian reality, with horrors such as the residential schools, which were explicitly designed to steal Aboriginal identity. Thus, the play speaks to the key theme of colonialism - the foundation upon which modern Canada was built - in a very negative way. It speaks not of mixing, but of smothering. It thus shows us the potentially catastrophic implications of people mixing in a way that is not inclusive, but rather divisive, exploitative and repressive."
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Toronto's "Greek-Town", 2008.
An analysis of the future of the Greek community in Toronto, particularly in the enclave of Greek-Town.
2,672 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the future of the Greek community in Toronto and discusses what its dispersal from Greek-Town means regarding the eventual integration or assimilation of the group into the mainstream Canadian population and economy. The paper presents four interviews with different aged Greek persons living in Canada. It then discusses the current situation and the future of the Greek population there.
Table of Contents:
Interview Questions - Local Persons
Interview Questions - Expert
Introduction
Theoretical Background
Responses and Critical Analysis
From the Paper
"In this analysis, in considering the future of the Greek community, we cannot say with certainty that this dispersal from GreekTown means the eventual integration/assimilation of the group into the mainstream Canadian population and economy. Certainly, the primary challenge the community faces in the years to come is how it deals with assimilationist pressures against the desire - as cited by several interviewees - to preserve their cultural heritage. While GreekTown on the Danforth is clearly "history", this does not mean that the Greek ethnic economy in Toronto has ceased to exist. Indeed, it may even be possible that the suburban enclaves may themselves become voluntary cocoons in which Greek micro-business can find its niche in delivering Greek services and amenities to a co-ethnic population in a suburban landscape dominated by the "big box" retailers like Costco or Wal-mart."
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Henry and Ginzberg's "Racial Discrimination in Employment", 2007.
This paper reviews the methodology of a research project by Frances Henry and Effie Ginzberg entitled "Racial Discrimination in Employment", which asserts that at least in the 1990s, racism was a staple of the Toronto job market.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Frances Henry and Effie Ginzberg's research revealed the apparent bias of the authors as well as their willingness to predicate their research based on their questionable methodology that was only "quasi-experimental" in nature. The author points out his or her critical concern about Henry and Ginzberg's definition of discrimination and whether or not they are being unjustly harsh in their assessment of many common employment practices. The paper relates that, nonetheless, there are strengths in the article such as having black testers and white testers apply for the same position and go to the same place to be interviewed, which makes possible a very good comparative analysis. The authors stresses that these in-person interviews rely upon anecdotal evidence collected at the site by the tester and not upon any independent statistical analysis.
From the Paper
"The problem with having professional actors is that they are obviously not playing themselves; suffice it to say, a case can be made that the in-person testing process was not as authentic as it should have been because thespians were trying to be someone else - as opposed to having ordinary people play themselves in the job interview process without affectation. The biggest problem I see in the decision of Henry and Ginzberg to use professional performers is that professional actors in such a circumstance could "ape" certain mannerisms or employ stereotypical behavior that might in some way distort the outcome of the interview."
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Cultural Difference and Religion in the Classroom, 2008.
An analysis of the need for teachers to cope with cultural differences and issues of religion in the classroom.
1,705 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of a teacher's ability to cope with students' natural outspokenness or curiosity while avoiding incidents that violate the rights of other children. Specifically, the paper discusses how teachers may need to cope with cultural differences and issues of religion in the classroom. It discusses a specific incident that occurred in Toronto involving an Aboriginal student and comments regarding Aboriginal religion that were made by students who had little knowledge of the religion. The paper analyzes the students' and teacher's responses.
From the Paper
" In this regard, the incident was very human and a helpful one in its showing students and the teacher the need to approach others with one's ignorance in mind, framing questions carefully, along with the statements one makes in settings where one can voice a direct opinion. In responding to the incident and its resulting awkwardness in the classroom, a brief exercise on the part of the teacher helped in preparing this paper in ensuring that the main issue had been grasped in a student being offended on account of a remark addressing religion and culture and who happened to be an Aboriginal person, upset that such opinion would be voiced against his tradition. From there, the significance of seeing the incident shared and discussed in a corrective manner, providing a lesson from the experience seemed the manner in which to diffuse the situation and to show the student that had voiced an unfair opinion that the atmosphere was not one that restricted his speech but asked him to reconsider an opinion in the light of its hurtfulness to others. As opposed to environments of old in which some students were silenced when expressing unwanted sentiment, this approach upheld the rights of the speaker to freedom of expression while showing plain respect for the point of view of the Aboriginal student."
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Afro-Caribbeans in Toronto, 2008.
This paper explores the difficulties of the Afro-Caribbean community in the Oakwood/Eglinton areas of Toronto, Canada.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the economic and social situation in the Oakwood/Eglinton areas, examining the integrationist efforts which have been undertaken to alleviate some of the struggles men, women and children face. The paper discusses the inclusionary tactics practiced by the larger communities housing Afro-Caribbean families and investigates the barriers which frustrate any sort of integrationist initiative. The paper concludes that the past and present have been difficult for recently-arrived Jamaicans in a city that prides itself on its racial tolerance, but there is hope that concerted community action can brighten the future.
From the Paper
"The first thing which must be done in a paper of this sort is to look at the economic and social situation which exists within Oakwood and within Eglinton. In truth (simply by glancing at the ward profiles provided on the official web site of the City of Toronto), it appears as though Oakwood and Eglinton are not conjoined as many might think at first glance. Furthermore, a look at the city's neighborhood profiles is only a little more helpful - and it, too, marks the two areas as distinct. Be that as it may, some things can certainly be deduced which offer insight into how the Jamaican community is treated in Canada. For one thing, when looking at household income distribution in the neighborhood of Oakwood-Vaughan (for 2001), it is striking that the income bracket with the largest percentage of the population is that bracket housing those making $10,000 - $19,999 per annum. Ironically, the next-largest income bracket is comprised of those making $100,000 per annum or more (City of Toronto, "Oakwood-Vaughan: Social Profile #3," 3)."
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Immigrant Health Care, 2008.
This paper discusses the transitions of care in Canada for older hospitalized immigrant women with chronic pain.
1,851 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that any hospitalized women can expect to encounter inequality in the health care system. The writer declares that for aging immigrant women, the situation is greatly aggravated because of race, ethnicity, and educational background as well as other factors such as sexism and ageism. Immigrant women not only receive unequal treatment in the healthcare system but very often are invisible to that system. The writer points out that the Canadian government seems to be taking the desired approach but the situation for immigrant women is becoming worse. The writer maintains that instead of resolving the problem, the health care system is basically ignoring the issue because of its own issues with restructuring. It seems that the solution will only come through a firm policy which makes diversity and gender a priority.
Outline:
Introduction
Rationale for Choice of Topic
Literature Review
Determinants of health
Gender Roles, Social Status, and Health
Coping
Research Question
My Approach and Goals
From the Paper
"An institution which ensures that women's rights are protected is the Women's Health Bureau which uses a gender lens to study government policy and health disparities. The mandate of the Women's Health Bureau's mandate is to make certain that the Canadian health care system responds to the needs of women (Spitzer, 2006, p. 2). The Women's Health Bureau also assists policymakers and programme planners to undertake gender-based analysis of their work. In addition, there is the Women's Network which works with the government along with other groups."
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